1
|
Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Axikegu, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai JT, Cao Q, Cao WY, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen AM, Chen ES, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui MY, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, Dong XQ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng XT, Feng YL, Gabici S, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Gao WK, Ge MM, Geng LS, Giacinti G, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JY, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou BW, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu Q, Hu SC, Huang DH, Huang TQ, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jia K, Jiang K, Jiang XW, Jiang ZJ, Jin M, Kang MM, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Kurinov K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li D, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Lu R, Luo Q, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Mu HJ, Nan YC, Neronov A, Ou ZW, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Sáiz A, Semikoz D, Shao CY, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shu FW, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang QW, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang C, Wang CB, Wang GW, Wang HG, Wang HH, Wang JC, Wang K, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang PH, Wang R, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu XF, Wu YS, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xiong Z, Xu DL, Xu RF, Xu RX, Xu WL, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yan T, Yang CW, Yang F, Yang FF, Yang HW, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Yue H, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zha M, Zhang BB, Zhang F, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SB, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou M, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Constraints on Ultraheavy Dark Matter Properties from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with LHAASO Observations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:061001. [PMID: 39178452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter we try to search for signals generated by ultraheavy dark matter at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) data. We look for possible γ rays by dark matter annihilation or decay from 16 dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the field of view of the LHAASO. Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are among the most promising targets for indirect detection of dark matter that have low fluxes of astrophysical γ-ray background while having large amount of dark matter. By analyzing more than 700 days of observational data at LHAASO, no significant dark matter signal from 1 TeV to 1 EeV is detected. Accordingly we derive the most stringent constraints on the ultraheavy dark matter annihilation cross section up to EeV. The constraints on the lifetime of dark matter in decay mode are also derived.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Axikegu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | - J T Cai
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Cao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - W Y Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - A M Chen
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Lin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - M Y Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Z G Dai
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danzengluobu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - D Della Volpe
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - X T Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - S Gabici
- APC, Universit'e Paris Cit'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | | | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | | | | | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - G Giacinti
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Y He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X B He
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Heller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Q Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - W J Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Z C Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jia
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - K Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M M Kang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kurinov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - H Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | | | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W L Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | | | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | | | | | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Y Liu
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - R Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - H J Mu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - A Neronov
- APC, Universit'e Paris Cit'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - Z W Ou
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Y Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Y Q Qi
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - J J Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - D Semikoz
- APC, Universit'e Paris Cit'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
| | - C Y Shao
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - F W Shu
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yu V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Su
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | | | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q W Tang
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Z B Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | | | - C B Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G W Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H H Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - K Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L P Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | - P H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X G Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | | | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | | | | | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y S Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - D X Xiao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | | | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | | | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - W L Xu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J Z Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Yang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - H W Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) and School of Physics (Guangzhou) and Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai and 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S B Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Y H Yao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Y M Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | | | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | | | - Y H Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - L X Zhang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | | | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | | | - M Zhou
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science and Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aprile E, Aalbers J, Abe K, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Angevaare JR, Antochi VC, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Balata M, Baudis L, Baxter AL, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brookes EJ, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Bui TK, Cai C, Cardoso JMR, Cassese F, Chiarini A, Cichon D, Cimental Chavez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Corrieri R, Cuenca-García JJ, Cussonneau JP, Dadoun O, D’Andrea V, Decowski MP, De Fazio B, Gangi PD, Diglio S, Disdier JM, Douillet D, Eitel K, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flierman M, Form S, Front D, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Rosso AG, Galloway M, Gao F, Gardner R, Garroum N, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guerzoni M, Guida M, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Howlett J, Huhmann C, Iacovacci M, Iaquaniello G, Iven L, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Joy A, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martella P, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson D, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Mele E, Messina M, Michinelli R, Miuchi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Müller J, Ni K, Nisi S, Oberlack U, Orlandi D, Othegraven R, Paetsch B, Palacio J, Parlati S, Paschos P, Pellegrini Q, Peres R, Peters C, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Plante G, Pollmann TR, Qi J, Qin J, García DR, Rynge M, Shi J, Singh R, Sanchez L, Santos JMFD, Sarnoff I, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schulte P, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shi S, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Stephen J, Stern M, Stillwell BK, Takeda A, Tan PL, Tatananni D, Terliuk A, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Volta G, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Westermann J, Wittweg C, Wolf T, Wu VHS, Xing Y, Xu D, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhong M, Zhu T. The XENONnT dark matter experiment. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2024; 84:784. [PMID: 39130092 PMCID: PMC11306575 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XENON Collaboration
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- INFN-Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292 USA
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 China
| | - E. Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J. Aalbers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | | | - L. Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - B. Andrieu
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E. Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - J. R. Angevaare
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. C. Antochi
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - D. Antón Martin
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - F. Arneodo
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Balata
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - L. Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. L. Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - M. Bazyk
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - L. Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Biondi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E. J. Brookes
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Bruenner
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Bruno
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - R. Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - T. K. Bui
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - C. Cai
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - J. M. R. Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F. Cassese
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Chiarini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A. P. Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - R. Corrieri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - J. P. Cussonneau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - O. Dadoun
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V. D’Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - M. P. Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. De Fazio
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P. Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - J. M. Disdier
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - D. Douillet
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - K. Eitel
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Elykov
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - A. D. Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - C. Ferrari
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - H. Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Flierman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Form
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Front
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - W. Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - C. Fuselli
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Gallo Rosso
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - M. Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F. Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - R. Gardner
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - N. Garroum
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R. Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L. Grandi
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - M. Guerzoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Guida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Hammann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - C. Hils
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. F. Hood
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Howlett
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - C. Huhmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Iacovacci
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Iaquaniello
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - L. Iven
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Y. Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - J. Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F. Joerg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Joy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - M. Kara
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - S. Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - G. Koltman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - A. Kopec
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - F. Kuger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - R. F. Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - L. Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - I. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - S. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 China
| | - S. Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - S. Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - J. Loizeau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - F. Lombardi
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Long
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. A. M. Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Y. Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - C. Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - J. Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - A. Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Manenti
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - F. Marignetti
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - P. Martella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - K. Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - J. Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - D. Masson
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S. Mastroianni
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E. Mele
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M. Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - R. Michinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - K. Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - A. Molinario
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - K. Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Y. Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - M. Murra
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J. Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - S. Nisi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - U. Oberlack
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Orlandi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - R. Othegraven
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Paetsch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - J. Palacio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Parlati
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - P. Paschos
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Q. Pellegrini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R. Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C. Peters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - J. Pienaar
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - M. Pierre
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - T. R. Pollmann
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | | | - M. Rynge
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292 USA
| | - J. Shi
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - R. Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - L. Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - J. M. F. dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. Sarnoff
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G. Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J. Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - P. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H. Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M. Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Shagin
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Shi
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - E. Shockley
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - M. Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H. Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Stephen
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - M. Stern
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - B. K. Stillwell
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - P.-L. Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - D. Tatananni
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - A. Terliuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - F. Toschi
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - C. Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - F. Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Volta
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C. Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - D. Wenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Westermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Wittweg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V. H. S. Wu
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y. Xing
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - D. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Z. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - L. Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Ye
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 China
| | - L. Yuan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - G. Zavattini
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - T. Zhu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aad G, Abbott B, Abeling K, Abicht N, Abidi S, Aboulhorma A, Abramowicz H, Abreu H, Abulaiti Y, Abusleme Hoffman A, Acharya B, Adam Bourdarios C, Adamczyk L, Adamek L, Addepalli S, Addison M, Adelman J, Adiguzel A, Adye T, Affolder A, Afik Y, Agaras M, Agarwala J, Aggarwal A, Agheorghiesei C, Ahmad A, Ahmadov F, Ahmed W, Ahuja S, Ai X, Aielli G, Aikot A, Ait Tamlihat M, Aitbenchikh B, Aizenberg I, Akbiyik M, Åkesson T, Akimov A, Akiyama D, Akolkar N, Al Khoury K, Alberghi G, Albert J, Albicocco P, Albouy G, Alderweireldt S, Aleksa M, Aleksandrov I, Alexa C, Alexopoulos T, Alfonsi F, Algren M, Alhroob M, Ali B, Ali H, Ali S, Alibocus S, Aliev M, Alimonti G, Alkakhi W, Allaire C, Allbrooke B, Allen J, Allendes Flores C, Allport P, Aloisio A, Alonso F, Alpigiani C, Alvarez Estevez M, Alvarez Fernandez A, Alves Cardoso M, Alviggi M, Aly M, Amaral Coutinho Y, Ambler A, Amelung C, Amerl M, Ames C, Amidei D, Amor Dos Santos S, Amos K, Ananiev V, Anastopoulos C, Andeen T, Anders J, Andrean S, Andreazza A, Angelidakis S, Angerami A, Anisenkov A, Annovi A, Antel C, Anthony M, Antipov E, Antonelli M, Anulli F, Aoki M, Aoki T, Aparisi Pozo J, Aparo M, Bella LA, Appelt C, Apyan A, Aranzabal N, Arcangeletti C, Arce A, Arena E, Arguin JF, Argyropoulos S, Arling JH, Arnaez O, Arnold H, Artoni G, Asada H, Asai K, Asai S, Asbah N, Assahsah J, Assamagan K, Astalos R, Atashi S, Atkin R, Atkinson M, Atmani H, Atmasiddha P, Augsten K, Auricchio S, Auriol A, Austrup V, Avolio G, Axiotis K, Azuelos G, Babal D, Bachacou H, Bachas K, Bachiu A, Backman F, Badea A, Bagnaia P, Bahmani M, Bailey A, Bailey V, Baines J, Baines L, Bakalis C, Baker O, Bakos E, Bakshi Gupta D, Balakrishnan V, Balasubramanian R, Baldin E, Balek P, Ballabene E, Balli F, Baltes L, Balunas W, Balz J, Banas E, Bandieramonte M, Bandyopadhyay A, Bansal S, Barak L, Barakat M, Barberio E, Barberis D, Barbero M, Barends K, Barillari T, Barisits MS, Barklow T, Baron P, Baron Moreno D, Baroncelli A, Barone G, Barr A, Barr J, Barranco Navarro L, Barreiro F, da Costa JBG, Barron U, Barros Teixeira M, Barsov S, Bartels F, Bartoldus R, Barton A, Bartos P, Basan A, Baselga M, Bassalat A, Basso M, Basson C, Bates R, Batlamous S, Batley J, Batool B, Battaglia M, Battulga D, Bauce M, Bauer M, Bauer P, Bazzano Hurrell L, Beacham J, Beau T, Beauchemin P, Becherer F, Bechtle P, Beck H, Becker K, Beddall A, Bednyakov V, Bee C, Beemster L, Beermann T, Begalli M, Begel M, Behera A, Behr J, Beirer J, Beisiegel F, Belfkir M, Bella G, Bellagamba L, Bellerive A, Bellos P, Beloborodov K, Belyaev N, Benchekroun D, Bendebba F, Benhammou Y, Benoit M, Bensinger J, Bentvelsen S, Beresford L, Beretta M, Bergeaas Kuutmann E, Berger N, Bergmann B, Beringer J, Bernardi G, Bernius C, Bernlochner F, Bernon F, Berry T, Berta P, Berthold A, Bertram I, Bethke S, Betti A, Bevan A, Bhamjee M, Bhatta S, Bhattacharya D, Bhattarai P, Bhopatkar V, Bi R, Bianchi R, Bianco G, Biebel O, Bielski R, Biglietti M, Billoud T, Bindi M, Bingul A, Bini C, Biondini A, Birch-sykes C, Bird G, Birman M, Biros M, Bisanz T, Bisceglie E, Biswas D, Bitadze A, Bjørke K, Bloch I, Blocker C, Blue A, Blumenschein U, Blumenthal J, Bobbink G, Bobrovnikov V, Boehler M, Boehm B, Bogavac D, Bogdanchikov A, Bohm C, Boisvert V, Bokan P, Bold T, Bomben M, Bona M, Boonekamp M, Booth C, Borbély A, Bordulev I, Borecka-Bielska H, Borgna L, Borissov G, Bortoletto D, Boscherini D, Bosman M, Bossio Sola J, Bouaouda K, Bouchhar N, Boudreau J, Bouhova-Thacker E, Boumediene D, Bouquet R, Boveia A, Boyd J, Boye D, Boyko I, Bracinik J, Brahimi N, Brandt G, Brandt O, Braren F, Brau B, Brau J, Brener R, Brenner L, Brenner R, Bressler S, Britton D, Britzger D, Brock I, Brooijmans G, Brooks W, Brost E, Brown L, Bruce L, Bruckler T, de Renstrom PB, Brüers B, Bruni A, Bruni G, Bruschi M, Bruscino N, Buanes T, Buat Q, Buchin D, Buckley A, Bugge M, Bulekov O, Bullard B, Burdin S, Burgard C, Burger A, Burghgrave B, Burlayenko O, Burr J, Burton C, Burzynski J, Busch E, Büscher V, Bussey P, Butler J, Buttar C, Butterworth J, Buttinger W, Buxo Vazquez C, Buzykaev A, Cabrera Urbán S, Cadamuro L, Caforio D, Cai H, Cai Y, Cairo V, Cakir O, Calace N, Calafiura P, Calderini G, Calfayan P, Callea G, Caloba L, Calvet D, Calvet S, Calvet T, Calvetti M, Camacho Toro R, Camarda S, Camarero Munoz D, Camarri P, Camerlingo M, Cameron D, Camincher C, Campanelli M, Camplani A, Canale V, Canesse A, Cantero J, Cao Y, Capocasa F, Capua M, Carbone A, Cardarelli R, Cardenas J, Cardillo F, Carli T, Carlino G, Carlotto J, Carlson B, Carlson E, Carminati L, Carnelli A, Carnesale M, Caron S, Carquin E, Carrá S, Carratta G, Carrio Argos F, Carter J, Carter T, Casado M, Caspar M, Castiglia E, Castillo F, Castillo Garcia L, Castillo Gimenez V, Castro N, Catinaccio A, Catmore J, Cavaliere V, Cavalli N, Cavasinni V, Cekmecelioglu Y, Celebi E, Celli F, Centonze M, Cepaitis V, Cerny K, Cerqueira A, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Cerutti F, Cervato B, Cervelli A, Cesarini G, Cetin S, Chadi Z, Chakraborty D, Chan J, Chan W, Chapman J, Chapon E, Chargeishvili B, Charlton D, Charman T, Chatterjee M, Chauhan C, Chekanov S, Chekulaev S, Chelkov G, Chen A, Chen B, Chen B, Chen H, Chen H, Chen J, Chen J, Chen M, Chen S, Chen S, Chen X, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng H, Cheong S, Cheplakov A, Cheremushkina E, Cherepanova E, El Moursli RC, Cheu E, Cheung K, Chevalier L, Chiarella V, Chiarelli G, Chiedde N, Chiodini G, Chisholm A, Chitan A, Chitishvili M, Chizhov M, Choi K, Chomont A, Chou Y, Chow E, Chowdhury T, Chu K, Chu M, Chu X, Chudoba J, Chwastowski J, Cieri D, Ciesla K, Cindro V, Ciocio A, Cirotto F, Citron Z, Citterio M, Ciubotaru D, Ciungu B, Clark A, Clark P, Clavijo Columbie J, Clawson S, Clement C, Clercx J, Clissa L, Coadou Y, Cobal M, Coccaro A, Coelho Barrue R, De Sa RCL, Coelli S, Cohen H, Coimbra A, Cole B, Collot J, Conde Muiño P, Connell M, Connell S, Connelly I, Conroy E, Conventi F, Cooke H, Cooper-Sarkar A, Cordeiro Oudot Choi A, Cormier F, Corpe L, Corradi M, Corriveau F, Cortes-Gonzalez A, Costa M, Costanza F, Costanzo D, Cote B, Cowan G, Cranmer K, Cremonini D, Crépé-Renaudin S, Crescioli F, Cristinziani M, Cristoforetti M, Croft V, Crosby J, Crosetti G, Cueto A, Cuhadar Donszelmann T, Cui H, Cui Z, Cunningham W, Curcio F, Czodrowski P, Czurylo M, De Sousa MDCS, Pinto JDF, Da Via C, Dabrowski W, Dado T, Dahbi S, Dai T, Santo DD, Dallapiccola C, Dam M, D’amen G, D’Amico V, Damp J, Dandoy J, Daneri M, Danninger M, Dao V, Darbo G, Darmora S, Das S, D’Auria S, David C, Davidek T, Davis-Purcell B, Dawson I, Day-hall H, De K, De Asmundis R, De Biase N, De Castro S, De Groot N, de Jong P, De la Torre H, De Maria A, De Salvo A, De Sanctis U, De Santo A, De Regie JDV, Dedovich D, Degens J, Deiana A, Del Corso F, Del Peso J, Del Rio F, Deliot F, Delitzsch C, Della Pietra M, Della Volpe D, Dell’Acqua A, Dell’Asta L, Delmastro M, Delsart P, Demers S, Demichev M, Denisov S, D’Eramo L, Derendarz D, Derue F, Dervan P, Desch K, Deutsch C, Di Bello F, Di Ciaccio A, Di Ciaccio L, Di Domenico A, Di Donato C, Di Girolamo A, Di Gregorio G, Di Luca A, Di Micco B, Di Nardo R, Diaconu C, Diamantopoulou M, Dias F, Do Vale TD, Diaz M, Diaz Capriles F, Didenko M, Diehl E, Diehl L, Díez Cornell S, Diez Pardos C, Dimitriadi C, Dimitrievska A, Dingfelder J, Dinu IM, Dittmeier S, Dittus F, Djama F, Djobava T, Djuvsland J, Doglioni C, Dohnalova A, Dolejsi J, Dolezal Z, Donadelli M, Dong B, Donini J, D’Onofrio A, D’Onofrio M, Dopke J, Doria A, Dos Santos Fernandes N, Dougan P, Dova M, Doyle A, Draguet M, Dreyer E, Drivas-koulouris I, Drobac A, Drozdova M, Du D, du Pree T, Dubinin F, Dubovsky M, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Ducu O, Duda D, Dudarev A, Duden E, D’uffizi M, Duflot L, Dührssen M, Dülsen C, Dumitriu A, Dunford M, Dungs S, Dunne K, Duperrin A, Duran Yildiz H, Düren M, Durglishvili A, Dwyer B, Dyckes G, Dyndal M, Dysch S, Dziedzic B, Earnshaw Z, Eberwein G, Eckerova B, Eggebrecht S, De Souza EEP, Ehrke L, Eigen G, Einsweiler K, Ekelof T, Ekman P, El Farkh S, El Ghazali Y, El Jarrari H, El Moussaouy A, Ellajosyula V, Ellert M, Ellinghaus F, Elliot A, Ellis N, Elmsheuser J, Elsing M, Emeliyanov D, Enari Y, Ene I, Epari S, Erdmann J, Erland P, Errenst M, Escalier M, Escobar C, Etzion E, Evans G, Evans H, Evans L, Evans M, Ezhilov A, Ezzarqtouni S, Fabbri F, Fabbri L, Facini G, Fadeyev V, Fakhrutdinov R, Falciano S, Falda Ulhoa Coelho L, Falke P, Faltova J, Fan C, Fan Y, Fang Y, Fanti M, Faraj M, Farazpay Z, Farbin A, Farilla A, Farooque T, Farrington S, Fassi F, Fassouliotis D, Faucci Giannelli M, Fawcett W, Fayard L, Federic P, Federicova P, Fedin O, Fedotov G, Feickert M, Feligioni L, Fellers D, Feng C, Feng M, Feng Z, Fenton M, Fenyuk A, Ferencz L, Ferguson R, Fernandez Luengo S, Fernoux M, Ferrando J, Ferrari A, Ferrari P, Ferrari R, Ferrere D, Ferretti C, Fiedler F, Filipčič A, Filmer E, Filthaut F, Fiolhais M, Fiorini L, Fisher W, Fitschen T, Fitzhugh P, Fleck I, Fleischmann P, Flick T, Flores M, Flores Castillo L, De Acedo LFS, Follega F, Fomin N, Foo J, Forland B, Formica A, Forti A, Fortin E, Fortman A, Foti M, Fountas L, Fournier D, Fox H, Francavilla P, Francescato S, Franchellucci S, Franchini M, Franchino S, Francis D, Franco L, Franconi L, Franklin M, Frattari G, Freegard A, Freund W, Frid Y, Friend J, Fritzsche N, Froch A, Froidevaux D, Frost J, Fu Y, Fujimoto M, Fullana Torregrosa E, Fung K, Furtado De Simas Filho E, Furukawa M, Fuster J, Gabrielli A, Gabrielli A, Gadow P, Gagliardi G, Gagnon L, Gallas E, Gallop B, Gan K, Ganguly S, Gao J, Gao Y, Garay Walls F, Garcia B, García C, Garcia Alonso A, Garcia Caffaro A, García Navarro J, Garcia-Sciveres M, Gardner G, Gardner R, Garelli N, Garg D, Garg R, Gargan J, Garner C, Gasiorowski S, Gaspar P, Gaudio G, Gautam V, Gauzzi P, Gavrilenko I, Gavrilyuk A, Gay C, Gaycken G, Gazis E, Geanta A, Gee C, Gemme C, Genest M, Gentile S, George S, George W, Geralis T, Gessinger-Befurt P, Geyik M, Ghani M, Ghneimat M, Ghorbanian K, Ghosal A, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Giacobbe B, Giagu S, Giani T, Giannetti P, Giannini A, Gibson S, Gignac M, Gil D, Gilbert A, Gilbert B, Gillberg D, Gilles G, Gillwald N, Ginabat L, Gingrich D, Giordani M, Giraud P, Giugliarelli G, Giugni D, Giuli F, Gkialas I, Gladilin L, Glasman C, Gledhill G, Glemža G, Glisic M, Gnesi I, Go Y, Goblirsch-Kolb M, Gocke B, Godin D, Gokturk B, Goldfarb S, Golling T, Gololo M, Golubkov D, Gombas J, Gomes A, Da Silva GG, Gomez Delegido A, Gonçalo R, Gonella G, Gonella L, Gongadze A, Gonnella F, Gonski J, González Andana R, de la Hoz SG, Gonzalez Fernandez S, Gonzalez Lopez R, Gonzalez Renteria C, Gonzalez Rodrigues M, Gonzalez Suarez R, Gonzalez-Sevilla S, Gonzalvo Rodriguez G, Goossens L, Gorini B, Gorini E, Gorišek A, Gosart T, Goshaw A, Gostkin M, Goswami S, Gottardo C, Gotz S, Gouighri M, Goumarre V, Goussiou A, Govender N, Grabowska-Bold I, Graham K, Gramstad E, Grancagnolo S, Grandi M, Grant C, Gravila P, Gravili F, Gray H, Greco M, Grefe C, Gregor I, Grenier P, Grieco C, Grillo A, Grimm K, Grinstein S, Grivaz JF, Gross E, Grosse-Knetter J, Grud C, Grundy J, Guan L, Guan W, Gubbels C, Guerrero Rojas J, Guerrieri G, Guescini F, Gugel R, Guhit J, Guida A, Guillemin T, Guilloton E, Guindon S, Guo F, Guo J, Guo L, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gurbuz S, Gurdasani S, Gustavino G, Guth M, Gutierrez P, Gutierrez Zagazeta L, Gutschow C, Gwenlan C, Gwilliam C, Haaland E, Haas A, Habedank M, Haber C, Hadavand H, Hadef A, Hadzic S, Hahn J, Haines E, Haleem M, Haley J, Hall J, Hallewell G, Halser L, Hamano K, Hamer M, Hamity G, Hampshire E, Han J, Han K, Han L, Han L, Han S, Han Y, Hanagaki K, Hance M, Hangal D, Hanif H, Hank M, Hankache R, Hansen J, Hansen J, Hansen P, Hara K, Harada D, Harenberg T, Harkusha S, Harris M, Harris Y, Harrison J, Harrison N, Harrison P, Hartman N, Hartmann N, Hasegawa Y, Hasib A, Haug S, Hauser R, Hawkes C, Hawkings R, Hayashi Y, Hayashida S, Hayden D, Hayes C, Hayes R, Hays C, Hays J, Hayward H, He F, He M, He Y, He Y, Heatley N, Hedberg V, Heggelund A, Hehir N, Heidegger C, Heidegger K, Heidorn W, Heilman J, Heim S, Heim T, Heinlein J, Heinrich J, Heinrich L, Hejbal J, Helary L, Held A, Hellesund S, Helling C, Hellman S, Henderson R, Henkelmann L, Henriques Correia A, Herde H, Hernández Jiménez Y, Herrmann L, Herrmann T, Herten G, Hertenberger R, Hervas L, Hesping M, Hessey N, Hibi H, Hillier S, Hinds J, Hinterkeuser F, Hirose M, Hirose S, Hirschbuehl D, Hitchings T, Hiti B, Hobbs J, Hobincu R, Hod N, Hodgkinson M, Hodkinson B, Hoecker A, Hofer J, Holm T, Holzbock M, Hommels L, Honan B, Hong J, Hong T, Hooberman B, Hopkins W, Horii Y, Hou S, Howard A, Howarth J, Hoya J, Hrabovsky M, Hrynevich A, Hryn’ova T, Hsu P, Hsu SC, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang S, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Huang Z, Hubacek Z, Huebner M, Huegging F, Huffman T, Hugli C, Huhtinen M, Huiberts S, Hulsken R, Huseynov N, Huston J, Huth J, Hyneman R, Iacobucci G, Iakovidis G, Ibragimov I, Iconomidou-Fayard L, Iengo P, Iguchi R, Iizawa T, Ikegami Y, Ilic N, Imam H, Lezki MI, Carlson TI, Introzzi G, Iodice M, Ippolito V, Irwin R, Ishino M, Islam W, Issever C, Istin S, Ito H, Ponce JI, Iuppa R, Ivina A, Izen J, Izzo V, Jacka P, Jackson P, Jacobs R, Jaeger B, Jagfeld C, Jain P, Jäkel G, Jakobs K, Jakoubek T, Jamieson J, Janas K, Javurkova M, Jeanneau F, Jeanty L, Jejelava J, Jenni P, Jessiman C, Jézéquel S, Jia C, Jia J, Jia X, Jia X, Jia Z, Jiang Y, Jiggins S, Pena JJ, Jin S, Jinaru A, Jinnouchi O, Johansson P, Johns K, Johnson J, Jones D, Jones E, Jones P, Jones R, Jones T, Joshi R, Jovicevic J, Ju X, Junggeburth J, Junkermann T, Rozas AJ, Juzek M, Kabana S, Kaczmarska A, Kado M, Kagan H, Kagan M, Kahn A, Kahn A, Kahra C, Kaji T, Kajomovitz E, Kakati N, Kalaitzidou I, Kalderon C, Kamenshchikov A, Kang N, Kar D, Karava K, Kareem M, Karentzos E, Karkanias I, Karkout O, Karpov S, Karpova Z, Kartvelishvili V, Karyukhin A, Kasimi E, Katzy J, Kaur S, Kawade K, Kawale M, Kawamoto T, Kay E, Kaya F, Kazakos S, Kazanin V, Ke Y, Keaveney J, Keeler R, Kehris G, Keller J, Kelly A, Kempster J, Kennedy K, Kennedy P, Kepka O, Kerridge B, Kersten S, Kerševan B, Keshri S, Keszeghova L, Haghighat SK, Khandoga M, Khanov A, Kharlamov A, Kharlamova T, Khoda E, Khoo T, Khoriauli G, Khubua J, Khwaira Y, Kilgallon A, Kim D, Kim Y, Kimura N, Kirchhoff A, Kirfel C, Kirfel F, Kirk J, Kiryunin A, Kitsaki C, Kivernyk O, Klassen M, Klein C, Klein L, Klein M, Klein M, Klein S, Klein U, Klimek P, Klimentov A, Klioutchnikova T, Kluit P, Kluth S, Kneringer E, Knight T, Knue A, Kobayashi R, Kobylianskii D, Koch S, Kocian M, Kodyš P, Koeck D, Koenig P, Koffas T, Kolb M, Koletsou I, Komarek T, Köneke K, Kong A, Kono T, Konstantinidis N, Konya B, Kopeliansky R, Koperny S, Korcyl K, Kordas K, Koren G, Korn A, Korn S, Korolkov I, Korotkova N, Kortman B, Kortner O, Kortner S, Kostecka W, Kostyukhin V, Kotsokechagia A, Kotwal A, Koulouris A, Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi A, Kourkoumelis C, Kourlitis E, Kovanda O, Kowalewski R, Kozanecki W, Kozhin A, Kramarenko V, Kramberger G, Kramer P, Krasny M, Krasznahorkay A, Kraus J, Kremer J, Kresse T, Kretzschmar J, Kreul K, Krieger P, Krishnamurthy S, Krivos M, Krizka K, Kroeninger K, Kroha H, Kroll J, Kroll J, Krowpman K, Kruchonak U, Krüger H, Krumnack N, Kruse M, Krzysiak J, Kuchinskaia O, Kuday S, Kuehn S, Kuesters R, Kuhl T, Kukhtin V, Kulchitsky Y, Kuleshov S, Kumar M, Kumari N, Kupco A, Kupfer T, Kupich A, Kuprash O, Kurashige H, Kurchaninov L, Kurdysh O, Kurochkin Y, Kurova A, Kuze M, Kvam A, Kvita J, Kwan T, Kyriacou N, Laatu L, Lacasta C, Lacava F, Lacker H, Lacour D, Lad N, Ladygin E, Laforge B, Lagouri T, Lahbabi F, Lai S, Lakomiec I, Lalloue N, Lambert J, Lammers S, Lampl W, Lampoudis C, Lancaster A, Lançon E, Landgraf U, Landon M, Lang V, Langenberg R, Langrekken O, Lankford A, Lanni F, Lantzsch K, Lanza A, Lapertosa A, Laporte J, Lari T, Manghi FL, Lassnig M, Latonova V, Laudrain A, Laurier A, Lawlor S, Lawrence Z, Lazzaroni M, Le B, Le Boulicaut E, Leban B, Lebedev A, LeBlanc M, Ledroit-Guillon F, Lee A, Lee S, Lee S, Lee T, Leeuw L, Lefebvre H, Lefebvre M, Leggett C, Miotto GL, Leigh M, Leight W, Leinonen W, Leisos A, Leite M, Leitgeb C, Leitner R, Leney K, Lenz T, Leone S, Leonidopoulos C, Leopold A, Leroy C, Les R, Lester C, Levchenko M, Levêque J, Levin D, Levinson L, Lewicki M, Lewis D, Li A, Li B, Li C, Li CQ, Li H, Li H, Li H, Li H, Li H, Li K, Li L, Li M, Li Q, Li S, Li S, Li T, Li X, Li Z, Li Z, Li Z, Li Z, Liang S, Liang Z, Liberatore M, Liberti B, Lie K, Marin JL, Lien H, Lin K, Lindley R, Lindon J, Lipeles E, Lipniacka A, Lister A, Little J, Liu B, Liu B, Liu D, Liu J, Liu J, Liu K, Liu M, Liu M, Liu P, Liu Q, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Merino JL, Lloyd S, Lobodzinska E, Loch P, Loffredo S, Lohse T, Lohwasser K, Loiacono E, Lokajicek M, Lomas J, Long J, Longarini I, Longo L, Longo R, Paz IL, Solis AL, Lorenz J, Martinez NL, Lory A, Centeno GL, Loseva O, Lou X, Lou X, Lounis A, Love J, Love P, Lu G, Lu M, Lu S, Lu Y, Lubatti H, Luci C, Alves FL, Lucotte A, Luehring F, Luise I, Lukianchuk O, Lundberg O, Lund-Jensen B, Luongo N, Lutz M, Lynn D, Lyons H, Lysak R, Lytken E, Lyubushkin V, Lyubushkina T, Lyukova M, Ma H, Ma K, Ma L, Ma Y, Donell DM, Maccarrone G, MacDonald J, Madar R, Mader W, Madula T, Maeda J, Maeno T, Maerker M, Maguire H, Maiboroda V, Maio A, Maj K, Majersky O, Majewski S, Makovec N, Maksimovic V, Malaescu B, Malecki P, Maleev V, Malek F, Mali M, Malito D, Mallik U, Maltezos S, Malyukov S, Mamuzic J, Mancini G, Manco G, Mandalia J, Mandić I, de Andrade Filho LM, Maniatis I, Ramos JM, Mankad D, Mann A, Mansoulie B, Manzoni S, Marantis A, Marchiori G, Marcisovsky M, Marcon C, Marinescu M, Marjanovic M, Marshall E, Marshall Z, Marti-Garcia S, Martin T, Martin V, Martin dit Latour B, Martinelli L, Martinez M, Agullo PM, Outschoorn VM, Suarez PM, Martin-Haugh S, Martoiu V, Martyniuk A, Marzin A, Mascione D, Masetti L, Mashimo T, Masik J, Maslennikov A, Massa L, Massarotti P, Mastrandrea P, Mastroberardino A, Masubuchi T, Mathisen T, Matousek J, Matsuzawa N, Maurer J, Maček B, Maximov D, Mazini R, Maznas I, Mazza M, Mazza S, Mazzeo E, Ginn CM, Gowan JM, Kee SM, McDonald E, McDougall A, Mcfayden J, McGovern R, Mchedlidze G, Mckenzie R, Mclachlan T, Mclaughlin D, McLean K, McMahon S, McNamara P, Mcpartland C, McPherson R, Mehlhase S, Mehta A, Melini D, Garcia BM, Melo A, Meloni F, Da Costa AMJ, Meng H, Meng L, Menke S, Mentink M, Meoni E, Merlassino C, Merola L, Meroni C, Merz G, Meshkov O, Metcalfe J, Mete A, Meyer C, Meyer JP, Middleton R, Mijović L, Mikenberg G, Mikestikova M, Mikuž M, Mildner H, Milic A, Milke C, Miller D, Miller L, Milov A, Milstead D, Min T, Minaenko A, Minashvili I, Mince L, Mincer A, Mindur B, Mineev M, Mino Y, Mir L, Lopez MM, Mironova M, Mishima A, Missio M, Mitra A, Mitsou V, Mitsumori Y, Miu O, Miyagawa P, Mkrtchyan T, Mlinarevic M, Mlinarevic T, Mlynarikova M, Mobius S, Moder P, Mogg P, Mohammed A, Mohapatra S, Mokgatitswane G, Moleri L, Mondal B, Mondal S, Monig G, Mönig K, Monnier E, Romero LM, Berlingen JM, Montella M, Montereali F, Monticelli F, Monzani S, Morange N, De Carvalho AM, Llácer MM, Martinez CM, Morettini P, Morgenstern S, Morii M, Morinaga M, Morley A, Morodei F, Morvaj L, Moschovakos P, Moser B, Mosidze M, Moskalets T, Moskvitina P, Moss J, Moyse E, Mtintsilana O, Muanza S, Mueller J, Muenstermann D, Müller R, Mullier G, Mullin A, Mullin J, Mungo D, Perez DM, Sanchez FM, Murin M, Murray W, Murrone A, Muse J, Muškinja M, Mwewa C, Myagkov A, Myers A, Myers A, Myers G, Myska M, Nachman B, Nackenhorst O, Nag A, Nagai K, Nagano K, Nagle J, Nagy E, Nairz A, Nakahama Y, Nakamura K, Nakkalil K, Nanjo H, Narayan R, Narayanan E, Naryshkin I, Naseri M, Nasri S, Nass C, Navarro G, Navarro-Gonzalez J, Nayak R, Nayaz A, Nechaeva P, Nechansky F, Nedic L, Neep T, Negri A, Negrini M, Nellist C, Nelson C, Nelson K, Nemecek S, Nessi M, Neubauer M, Neuhaus F, Neundorf J, Newhouse R, Newman P, Ng C, Ng Y, Ngair B, Nguyen H, Nickerson R, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen J, Niemeyer M, Niermann J, Nikiforou N, Nikolaenko V, Nikolic-Audit I, Nikolopoulos K, Nilsson P, Ninca I, Nindhito H, Ninio G, Nisati A, Nishu N, Nisius R, Nitschke JE, Nkadimeng E, Rosende SN, Nobe T, Noel D, Nommensen T, Norfolk M, Norisam R, Norman B, Novak J, Novak T, Novotny L, Novotny R, Nozka L, Ntekas K, Nunes De Moura Junior N, Nurse E, Ocariz J, Ochi A, Ochoa I, Oerdek S, Offermann J, Ogrodnik A, Oh A, Ohm C, Oide H, Oishi R, Ojeda M, O’Keefe M, Okumura Y, Seabra LO, Pino SO, Damazio DO, Goncalves DO, Oliver J, Olszewski A, Öncel Ö, O’Neill A, Onofre A, Onyisi P, Oreglia M, Orellana G, Orestano D, Orlando N, Orr R, O’Shea V, Osojnak L, Ospanov R, Otero y Garzon G, Otono H, Ott P, Ottino G, Ouchrif M, Ouellette J, Ould-Saada F, Owen M, Owen R, Oyulmaz K, Ozcan V, Ozturk N, Ozturk S, Pacey H, Pages AP, Aranda CP, Padovano G, Griso SP, Palacino G, Palazzo A, Palestini S, Pan J, Pan T, Panchal D, Pandini C, Vazquez JP, Pandya H, Pang H, Pani P, Panizzo G, Paolozzi L, Papadatos C, Parajuli S, Paramonov A, Paraskevopoulos C, Hernandez DP, Park T, Parker M, Parodi F, Parrish E, Parrish V, Parsons J, Parzefall U, Dias BP, Dominguez LP, Pasqualucci E, Passaggio S, Pastore F, Pasuwan P, Patel P, Patel U, Pater J, Pauly T, Pearkes J, Pedersen M, Pedro R, Peleganchuk S, Penc O, Pender E, Peng H, Penski K, Penzin M, Peralva B, Peixoto AP, Sanchez LP, Perepelitsa D, Codina EP, Perganti M, Perini L, Pernegger H, Perrin O, Peters K, Peters R, Petersen B, Petersen T, Petit E, Petousis V, Petridou C, Petrukhin A, Pettee M, Pettersson N, Petukhov A, Petukhova K, Pezoa R, Pezzotti L, Pezzullo G, Pham T, Pham T, Phillips P, Piacquadio G, Pianori E, Piazza F, Piegaia R, Pietreanu D, Pilkington A, Pinamonti M, Pinfold J, Pereira BP, Pinoargote AP, Pintucci L, Piper K, Pirttikoski A, Pizzi D, Pizzimento L, Pizzini A, Pleier MA, Plesanovs V, Pleskot V, Plotnikova E, Poddar G, Poettgen R, Poggioli L, Pokharel I, Polacek S, Polesello G, Poley A, Polifka R, Polini A, Pollard C, Pollock Z, Polychronakos V, Pacchi EP, Ponomarenko D, Pontecorvo L, Popa S, Popeneciu G, Poreba A, Quintero DP, Pospisil S, Postill M, Postolache P, Potamianos K, Potepa P, Potrap I, Potter C, Potti H, Poulsen T, Poveda J, Astigarraga MP, Ibanez AP, Pretel J, Price D, Primavera M, Martin MP, Privara R, Procter T, Proffitt M, Proklova N, Prokofiev K, Proto G, Protopopescu S, Proudfoot J, Przybycien M, Przygoda W, Puddefoot J, Pudzha D, Pyatiizbyantseva D, Qian J, Qichen D, Qin Y, Qiu T, Quadt A, Queitsch-Maitland M, Quetant G, Quinn R, Bolanos GR, Rafanoharana D, Ragusa F, Rainbolt J, Raine J, Rajagopalan S, Ramakoti E, Ran K, Rapheeha N, Rasheed H, Raskina V, Rassloff D, Rave S, Ravina B, Ravinovich I, Raymond M, Read A, Readioff N, Rebuzzi D, Redlinger G, Reed A, Reeves K, Reidelsturz J, Reikher D, Rej A, Rembser C, Renardi A, Renda M, Rendel M, Renner F, Rennie A, Rescia A, Resconi S, Ressegotti M, Rettie S, Rivera JR, Reynolds E, Rezanova O, Reznicek P, Ribaric N, Ricci E, Richter R, Richter S, Richter-Was E, Ridel M, Ridouani S, Rieck P, Riedler P, Rijssenbeek M, Rimoldi A, Rimoldi M, Rinaldi L, Rinn T, Rinnagel M, Ripellino G, Riu I, Rivadeneira P, Vergara JR, Rizatdinova F, Rizvi E, Roberts B, Roberts B, Robertson S, Robinson D, Gajardo CR, Manzano MR, Robson A, Rocchi A, Roda C, Bosca SR, Garcia YR, Rodriguez AR, Vera AR, Roe S, Roemer J, Roepe-Gier A, Roggel J, Røhne O, Rojas R, Roland C, Roloff J, Romaniouk A, Romano E, Romano M, Hernandez AR, Rompotis N, Roos L, Rosati S, Rosser B, Rossi E, Rossi E, Rossi L, Rossini L, Rosten R, Rotaru M, Rottler B, Rougier C, Rousseau D, Rousso D, Roy A, Roy-Garand S, Rozanov A, Rozen Y, Ruan X, Jimenez AR, Ruby A, Rivera VR, Ruggeri T, Ruggiero A, Ruiz-Martinez A, Rummler A, Rurikova Z, Rusakovich N, Russell H, Russo G, Rutherfoord J, Colmenares SR, Rybacki K, Rybar M, Rye E, Ryzhov A, Iglesias JS, Sabatini P, Sabetta L, Sadrozinski HW, Tehrani FS, Samani BS, Safdari M, Saha S, Sahinsoy M, Saimpert M, Saito M, Saito T, Salamani D, Salnikov A, Salt J, Salas AS, Salvatore D, Salvatore F, Salzburger A, Sammel D, Sampsonidis D, Sampsonidou D, Sánchez J, Pineda AS, Sebastian VS, Sandaker H, Sander C, Sandesara J, Sandhoff M, Sandoval C, Sankey D, Sano T, Sansoni A, Santi L, Santoni C, Santos H, Santpur S, Santra A, Saoucha K, Saraiva J, Sardain J, Sasaki O, Sato K, Sauer C, Sauerburger F, Sauvan E, Savard P, Sawada R, Sawyer C, Sawyer L, Galvan IS, Sbarra C, Sbrizzi A, Scanlon T, Schaarschmidt J, Schacht P, Schaefer D, Schäfer U, Schaffer A, Schaile D, Schamberger R, Scharf C, Schefer M, Schegelsky V, Scheirich D, Schenck F, Schernau M, Scheulen C, Schiavi C, Schioppa E, Schioppa M, Schlag B, Schleicher K, Schlenker S, Schmeing J, Schmidt M, Schmieden K, Schmitt C, Schmitt S, Schoeffel L, Schoening A, Scholer P, Schopf E, Schott M, Schovancova J, Schramm S, Schroeder F, Schroer T, Schultz-Coulon HC, Schumacher M, Schumm B, Schune P, Schuy A, Schwartz H, Schwartzman A, Schwarz T, Schwemling P, Schwienhorst R, Sciandra A, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Sebastiani C, Sedlaczek K, Seema P, Seidel S, Seiden A, Seidlitz B, Seitz C, Seixas J, Sekhniaidze G, Sekula S, Selem L, Semprini-Cesari N, Sengupta D, Senthilkumar V, Serin L, Serkin L, Sessa M, Severini H, Sforza F, Sfyrla A, Shabalina E, Shaheen R, Shahinian J, Renous DS, Shan L, Shapiro M, Sharma A, Sharma A, Sharma P, Sharma S, Shatalov P, Shaw K, Shaw S, Shcherbakova A, Shen Q, Sherwood P, Shi L, Shi X, Shimmin C, Shinner J, Shipsey I, Shirabe S, Shiyakova M, Shlomi J, Shochet M, Shojaii J, Shope D, Shrestha B, Shrestha S, Shrif E, Shroff M, Sicho P, Sickles A, Haddad ES, Sidoti A, Siegert F, Sijacki D, Sikora R, Sili F, Silva J, Oliveira MS, Silverstein S, Simion S, Simoniello R, Simpson E, Simpson H, Simpson L, Simpson N, Simsek S, Sindhu S, Sinervo P, Singh S, Sinha S, Sinha S, Sioli M, Siral I, Sitnikova E, Sivoklokov S, Sjölin J, Skaf A, Skorda E, Skubic P, Slawinska M, Smakhtin V, Smart B, Smiesko J, Smirnov S, Smirnov Y, Smirnova L, Smirnova O, Smith A, Smith E, Smith H, Smith J, Smith R, Smizanska M, Smolek K, Snesarev A, Snider S, Snoek H, Snyder S, Sobie R, Soffer A, Sanchez CS, Soldatov E, Soldevila U, Solodkov A, Solomon S, Soloshenko A, Solovieva K, Solovyanov O, Solovyev V, Sommer P, Sonay A, Song W, Sonneveld J, Sopczak A, Sopio A, Sopkova F, Sothilingam V, Sottocornola S, Soualah R, Soumaimi Z, South D, Soybelman N, Spagnolo S, Spalla M, Sperlich D, Spigo G, Spinali S, Spiteri D, Spousta M, Staats E, Stabile A, Stamen R, Stampekis A, Standke M, Stanecka E, Stange M, Stanislaus B, Stanitzki M, Stapf B, Starchenko E, Stark G, Stark J, Starko D, Staroba P, Starovoitov P, Stärz S, Staszewski R, Stavropoulos G, Steentoft J, Steinberg P, Stelzer B, Stelzer H, Stelzer-Chilton O, Stenzel H, Stevenson T, Stewart G, Stewart J, Stockton M, Stoicea G, Stolarski M, Stonjek S, Straessner A, Strandberg J, Strandberg S, Strauss M, Strebler T, Strizenec P, Ströhmer R, Strom D, Strom L, Stroynowski R, Strubig A, Stucci S, Stugu B, Stupak J, Styles N, Su D, Su S, Su W, Su X, Sugizaki K, Sulin V, Sullivan M, Sultan D, Sultanaliyeva L, Sultansoy S, Sumida T, Sun S, Sun S, Gudnadottir OS, Sur N, Sutton M, Suzuki H, Svatos M, Swiatlowski M, Swirski T, Sykora I, Sykora M, Sykora T, Ta D, Tackmann K, Taffard A, Tafirout R, Vargas JT, Takeva E, Takubo Y, Talby M, Talyshev A, Tam K, Tamir N, Tanaka A, Tanaka J, Tanaka R, Tanasini M, Tao Z, Araya ST, Tapprogge S, Mohamed ATA, Tarem S, Tariq K, Tarna G, Tartarelli G, Tas P, Tasevsky M, Tassi E, Tate A, Tateno G, Tayalati Y, Taylor G, Taylor W, Teagle H, Tee A, De Lima RT, Teixeira-Dias P, Teoh J, Terashi K, Terron J, Terzo S, Testa M, Teuscher R, Thaler A, Theiner O, Themistokleous N, Theveneaux-Pelzer T, Thielmann O, Thomas D, Thomas J, Thompson E, Thompson P, Thomson E, Tian Y, Tikhomirov V, Tikhonov Y, Timoshenko S, Timoshyn D, Ting E, Tipton P, Tlou S, Tnourji A, Todome K, Todorova-Nova S, Todt S, Togawa M, Tojo J, Tokár S, Tokushuku K, Toldaiev O, Tombs R, Tomoto M, Tompkins L, Topolnicki K, Torrence E, Torres H, Pastor ET, Toscani M, Tosciri C, Tost M, Tovey D, Traeet A, Trandafir I, Trefzger T, Tricoli A, Trigger I, Trincaz-Duvoid S, Trischuk D, Trocmé B, Troncon C, Truong L, Trzebinski M, Trzupek A, Tsai F, Tsai M, Tsiamis A, Tsiareshka P, Tsigaridas S, Tsirigotis A, Tsiskaridze V, Tskhadadze E, Tsopoulou M, Tsujikawa Y, Tsukerman I, Tsulaia V, Tsuno S, Tsur O, Tsuri K, Tsybychev D, Tu Y, Tudorache A, Tudorache V, Tuna A, Turchikhin S, Cakir IT, Turra R, Turtuvshin T, Tuts P, Tzamarias S, Tzanis P, Tzovara E, Ukegawa F, Poblete PU, Umaka E, Unal G, Unal M, Undrus A, Unel G, Urban J, Urquijo P, Usai G, Ushioda R, Usman M, Uysal Z, Vacavant L, Vacek V, Vachon B, Vadla K, Vafeiadis T, Vaitkus A, Valderanis C, Santurio EV, Valente M, Valentinetti S, Valero A, Moreno EV, Vallier A, Ferrer JV, Van Arneman D, Van Daalen T, Van Der Graaf A, Van Gemmeren P, Van Rijnbach M, Van Stroud S, Van Vulpen I, Vanadia M, Vandelli W, Vandenbroucke M, Vandewall E, Vannicola D, Vannoli L, Vari R, Varnes E, Varni C, Varol T, Varouchas D, Varriale L, Varvell K, Vasile M, Vaslin L, Vasquez G, Vasyukov A, Vazeille F, Schroeder TV, Veatch J, Vecchio V, Veen M, Veliscek I, Veloce L, Veloso F, Veneziano S, Ventura A, Gonzalez SV, Verbytskyi A, Verducci M, Vergis C, De Araujo MV, Verkerke W, Vermeulen J, Vernieri C, Vessella M, Vetterli M, Vgenopoulos A, Maira NV, Vickey T, Boeriu OV, Viehhauser G, Vigani L, Villa M, Perez MV, Villhauer E, Vilucchi E, Vincter M, Virdee G, Vishwakarma A, Visibile A, Vittori C, Vivarelli I, Vladimirov V, Voevodina E, Vogel F, Vokac P, Volkotrub Y, Von Ahnen J, Von Toerne E, Vormwald B, Vorobel V, Vorobev K, Vos M, Voss K, Vossebeld J, Vozak M, Vozdecky L, Vranjes N, Milosavljevic MV, Vreeswijk M, Vu N, Vuillermet R, Vujinovic O, Vukotic I, Wada S, Wagner C, Wagner J, Wagner W, Wahdan S, Wahlberg H, Wakida M, Walder J, Walker R, Walkowiak W, Wall A, Wamorkar T, Wang A, Wang C, Wang C, Wang H, Wang J, Wang RJ, Wang R, Wang R, Wang S, Wang S, Wang T, Wang W, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang Z, Warburton A, Ward R, Warrack N, Watson A, Watson H, Watson M, Watton E, Watts G, Waugh B, Weber C, Weber H, Weber M, Weber S, Wei C, Wei Y, Weidberg A, Weik E, Weingarten J, Weirich M, Weiser C, Wells C, Wenaus T, Wendland B, Wengler T, Wenke N, Wermes N, Wessels M, Wharton A, White A, White A, White M, Whiteson D, Wickremasinghe L, Wiedenmann W, Wiel C, Wielers M, Wiglesworth C, Wilbern D, Wilkens H, Williams D, Williams H, Williams S, Willocq S, Wilson B, Windischhofer P, Winkel F, Winklmeier F, Winter B, Winter J, Wittgen M, Wobisch M, Wolffs Z, Wölker R, Wollrath J, Wolter M, Wolters H, Wongel A, Worm S, Wosiek B, Woźniak K, Wozniewski S, Wraight K, Wu C, Wu J, Wu M, Wu M, Wu S, Wu X, Wu Y, Wu Z, Wuerzinger J, Wyatt T, Wynne B, Xella S, Xia L, Xia M, Xiang J, Xie M, Xie X, Xin S, Xiong J, Xu D, Xu H, Xu L, Xu R, Xu T, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yabsley B, Yacoob S, Yamaguchi Y, Yamashita E, Yamauchi H, Yamazaki T, Yamazaki Y, Yan J, Yan S, Yan Z, Yang H, Yang H, Yang S, Yang T, Yang X, Yang X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Yang Z, Yao WM, Yap Y, Ye H, Ye H, Ye J, Ye S, Ye X, Yeh Y, Yeletskikh I, Yeo B, Yexley M, Yin P, Yorita K, Younas S, Young C, Young C, Yu Y, Yuan M, Yuan R, Yue L, Zaazoua M, Zabinski B, Zaid E, Zakareishvili T, Zakharchuk N, Zambito S, Saa JZ, Zang J, Zanzi D, Zaplatilek O, Zeitnitz C, Zeng H, Zeng J, Zenger D, Zenin O, Ženiš T, Zenz S, Zerradi S, Zerwas D, Zhai M, Zhang B, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhang P, Zhang R, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao P, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Zhemchugov A, Zheng J, Zheng K, Zheng X, Zheng Z, Zhong D, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou N, Zhou Y, Zhu C, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Zhuang X, Zhukov K, Zhulanov V, Zimine N, Zinsser J, Ziolkowski M, Živković L, Zoccoli A, Zoch K, Zorbas T, Zormpa O, Zou W, Zwalinski L. Combination and summary of ATLAS dark matter searches interpreted in a 2HDM with a pseudo-scalar mediator using 139 fb -1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00399-2. [PMID: 39179456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Results from a wide range of searches targeting different experimental signatures with and without missing transverse momentum (ETmiss) are used to constrain a Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) with an additional pseudo-scalar mediating the interaction between ordinary and dark matter (2HDM+a). The analyses use up to 139 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s=13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during 2015-2018. The results from three of the most sensitive searches are combined statistically. These searches target signatures with large ETmiss and a leptonically decaying Z boson; large ETmiss and a Higgs boson decaying to bottom quarks; and production of charged Higgs bosons in final states with top and bottom quarks, respectively. Constraints are derived for several common and new benchmark scenarios in the 2HDM+a.
Collapse
|
4
|
Blanco C, Leane RK. Search for Dark Matter Ionization on the Night Side of Jupiter with Cassini. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:261002. [PMID: 38996293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.261002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
We present a new search for dark matter (DM) using planetary atmospheres. We point out that annihilating DM in planets can produce ionizing radiation, which can lead to excess production of ionospheric H_{3}^{+}. We apply this search strategy to the night side of Jupiter near the equator. The night side has zero solar irradiation, and low latitudes are sufficiently far from ionizing auroras, leading to a low-background search. We use Cassini data on ionospheric H_{3}^{+} emission collected three hours either side of Jovian midnight, during its flyby in 2000, and set novel constraints on the DM-nucleon scattering cross section down to about 10^{-38} cm^{2}. We also highlight that DM atmospheric ionization may be detected in Jovian exoplanets using future high-precision measurements of planetary spectra.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang ZY, Yang LT, Yue Q, Kang KJ, Li YJ, An HP, C G, Chang JP, Chen YH, Cheng JP, Dai WH, Deng Z, Fang CH, Geng XP, Gong H, Guo QJ, Guo T, Guo XY, He L, He SM, Hu JW, Huang HX, Huang TC, Jiang L, Karmakar S, Li HB, Li HY, Li JM, Li J, Li QY, Li RMJ, Li XQ, Li YL, Liang YF, Liao B, Lin FK, Lin ST, Liu JX, Liu SK, Liu YD, Liu Y, Liu YY, Ma H, Mao YC, Nie QY, Ning JH, Pan H, Qi NC, Ren J, Ruan XC, Singh MK, Sun TX, Tang CJ, Tian Y, Wang GF, Wang JZ, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang YF, Wang YX, Wong HT, Wu SY, Wu YC, Xing HY, Xu R, Xu Y, Xue T, Yan YL, Yi N, Yu CX, Yu HJ, Yue JF, Zeng M, Zeng Z, Zhang BT, Zhang FS, Zhang L, Zhang ZH, Zhao JZ, Zhao KK, Zhao MG, Zhou JF, Zhou ZY, Zhu JJ. Experimental Limits on Solar Reflected Dark Matter with a New Approach on Accelerated-Dark-Matter-Electron Analysis in Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:171001. [PMID: 38728703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.171001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Recently a dark matter-electron (DM-electron) paradigm has drawn much attention. Models beyond the standard halo model describing DM accelerated by high energy celestial bodies are under intense examination as well. In this Letter, a velocity components analysis (VCA) method dedicated to swift analysis of accelerated DM-electron interactions via semiconductor detectors is proposed and the first HPGe detector-based accelerated DM-electron analysis is realized. Utilizing the method, the first germanium based constraint on sub-GeV solar reflected DM-electron interaction is presented with the 205.4 kg·day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. In the heavy mediator scenario, our result excels in the mass range of 5-15 keV/c^{2}, achieving a 3 orders of magnitude improvement comparing with previous semiconductor experiments. In the light mediator scenario, the strongest laboratory constraint for DM lighter than 0.1 MeV/c^{2} is presented. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of the VCA technique in future accelerated DM-electron analyses with semiconductor detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - L T Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Q Yue
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - K J Kang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y J Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H P An
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Greeshma C
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | | | - Y H Chen
- YaLong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051
| | - J P Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - W H Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Deng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - C H Fang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - X P Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Gong
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Q J Guo
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871
| | - T Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Y Guo
- YaLong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051
| | - L He
- NUCTECH Company, Beijing 100084
| | - S M He
- YaLong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051
| | - J W Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H X Huang
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413
| | - T C Huang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082
| | - L Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - S Karmakar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | - H B Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | - H Y Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - J M Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Q Y Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - R M J Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - X Q Li
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071
| | - Y L Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y F Liang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - B Liao
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - F K Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | - S T Lin
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - J X Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - S K Liu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - Y D Liu
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - Y Liu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - Y Y Liu
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y C Mao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871
| | - Q Y Nie
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - J H Ning
- YaLong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051
| | - H Pan
- NUCTECH Company, Beijing 100084
| | - N C Qi
- YaLong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051
| | - J Ren
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413
| | - X C Ruan
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413
| | - M K Singh
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - T X Sun
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - C J Tang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - Y Tian
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G F Wang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - J Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - L Wang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - Q Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y F Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y X Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871
| | - H T Wong
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | - S Y Wu
- YaLong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051
| | - Y C Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Y Xing
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - R Xu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Xu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071
| | - T Xue
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y L Yan
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - N Yi
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - C X Yu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071
| | - H J Yu
- NUCTECH Company, Beijing 100084
| | - J F Yue
- YaLong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051
| | - M Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - B T Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - F S Zhang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - L Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - Z H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - J Z Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - K K Zhao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| | - M G Zhao
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071
| | - J F Zhou
- YaLong River Hydropower Development Company, Chengdu 610051
| | - Z Y Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413
| | - J J Zhu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Haselschwardt SJ, Gibbons R, Chen H, Kravitz S, Manalaysay A, Xia Q, Lippincott WH, Sorensen P. First Measurement of Discrimination between Helium and Electron Recoils in Liquid Xenon for Low-Mass Dark Matter Searches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:111801. [PMID: 38563938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of discrimination between low-energy helium recoils and electron recoils in liquid xenon. This result is relevant to proposed low-mass dark matter searches which seek to dissolve light target nuclei in the active volume of liquid-xenon time projection chambers. Low-energy helium recoils were produced by degrading α particles from ^{210}Po with a gold foil situated on the cathode of a liquid xenon time-projection chamber. The resulting population of helium recoil events is well separated from electron recoils and is also offset from the expected position of xenon nuclear recoil events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Haselschwardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Gibbons
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Xia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W H Lippincott
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baudis L. Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for rare-event searches. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230083. [PMID: 38104624 PMCID: PMC10725769 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, dual-phase xenon time projection chambers (Xe-TPCs) have emerged as some of the most powerful detectors in the fields of astroparticle physics and rare-event searches. Developed primarily towards the direct detection of dark matter particles, experiments presently operating deep underground have reached target masses at the multi-tonne scale, energy thresholds of approximately 1 keV and radioactivity-induced background rates similar to those from solar neutrinos. These unique properties, together with demonstrated stable operation over several years, allow for the exploration of new territory via high-sensitivity searches for a plethora of ultra-rare interactions. These include searches for particle dark matter, for second-order weak decays, and the observation of astrophysical neutrinos. We first review some properties of xenon as a radiation detection medium and the operation principles of dual-phase Xe-TPCs together with their energy calibration and resolution. We then discuss the status of currently running experiments and of proposed next-generation projects, describing some of the technological challenges. We end by looking at their sensitivity to dark matter candidates, to second-order weak decays and to solar and supernova neutrinos. Experiments based on dual-phase Xe-TPCs are difficult and, like all good experiments, they are constantly pushed to their limits. Together with many other endeavours in astroparticle physics and cosmology they will continue to push at the borders of the unknown, hopefully to reveal profound new knowledge about our cosmos. This article is part of the theme issue 'The particle-gravity frontier'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adhikari G, Carlin N, Choi JJ, Choi S, Ezeribe AC, França LE, Ha C, Hahn IS, Hollick SJ, Jeon EJ, Jo JH, Joo HW, Kang WG, Kauer M, Kim BH, Kim HJ, Kim J, Kim KW, Kim SH, Kim SK, Kim WK, Kim YD, Kim YH, Ko YJ, Lee DH, Lee EK, Lee H, Lee HS, Lee HY, Lee IS, Lee J, Lee JY, Lee MH, Lee SH, Lee SM, Lee YJ, Leonard DS, Luan NT, Manzato BB, Maruyama RH, Neal RJ, Nikkel JA, Olsen SL, Park BJ, Park HK, Park HS, Park KS, Park SD, Pitta RLC, Prihtiadi H, Ra SJ, Rott C, Shin KA, Cavalcante DFFS, Scarff A, Spooner NJC, Thompson WG, Yang L, Yu GH. Search for Boosted Dark Matter in COSINE-100. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:201802. [PMID: 38039466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.201802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We search for energetic electron recoil signals induced by boosted dark matter (BDM) from the galactic center using the COSINE-100 array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The signal would be an excess of events with energies above 4 MeV over the well-understood background. Because no excess of events are observed in a 97.7 kg·yr exposure, we set limits on BDM interactions under a variety of hypotheses. Notably, we explored the dark photon parameter space, leading to competitive limits compared to direct dark photon search experiments, particularly for dark photon masses below 4 MeV and considering the invisible decay mode. Furthermore, by comparing our results with a previous BDM search conducted by the Super-Kamionkande experiment, we found that the COSINE-100 detector has advantages in searching for low-mass dark matter. This analysis demonstrates the potential of the COSINE-100 detector to search for MeV electron recoil signals produced by the dark sector particle interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Carlin
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J J Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - A C Ezeribe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - L E França
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Ha
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Hahn
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Hollick
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - E J Jeon
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jo
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H W Joo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - W G Kang
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - W K Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Ko
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - E K Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - H Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Leonard
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - N T Luan
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - B B Manzato
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R H Maruyama
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R J Neal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J A Nikkel
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S L Olsen
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Park
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Park
- Department of Accelerator Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Park
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Park
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - R L C Pitta
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Prihtiadi
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Ra
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - K A Shin
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - D F F S Cavalcante
- Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Scarff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - N J C Spooner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W G Thompson
- Department of Physics and Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - G H Yu
- Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang D, Abdukerim A, Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Cheng C, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Fu C, Fu M, Geng L, Giboni K, Gu L, Guo X, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang Y, Huang J, Huang Z, Hou R, Hou Y, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li T, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu C, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Meng Y, Ning X, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shaheed N, Shang X, Shao X, Shen G, Si L, Sun W, Tan A, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu M, Wu W, Xia J, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xie P, Yan B, Yan X, Yang J, Yang Y, Yao Y, Yu C, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Zeng X, Zhang D, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zheng Q, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Huo R, Yu H. Search for Dark-Matter-Nucleon Interactions with a Dark Mediator in PandaX-4T. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:191002. [PMID: 38000419 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.191002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We report results of a search for dark-matter-nucleon interactions via a dark mediator using optimized low-energy data from the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. With the ionization-signal-only data and utilizing the Migdal effect, we set the most stringent limits on the cross section for dark matter masses ranging from 30 MeV/c^{2} to 2 GeV/c^{2}. Under the assumption that the dark mediator is a dark photon that decays into scalar dark matter pairs in the early Universe, we rule out significant parameter space of such thermal relic dark-matter model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Abdusalam Abdukerim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zihao Bo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhaokan Cheng
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiangyi Cui
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Department of Physics, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Deqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changbo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengting Fu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lisheng Geng
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Karl Giboni
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linhui Gu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuyuan Guo
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Chencheng Han
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ke Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changda He
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Junting Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhou Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruquan Hou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yu Hou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yonglin Ju
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxiang Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianglai Liu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Congcong Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyin Luo
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunyang Luo
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yugang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Mao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Meng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xuyang Ning
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ningchun Qi
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhicheng Qian
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Ren
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Nasir Shaheed
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyuan Shao
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Si
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Andi Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siguang Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yuehuan Wei
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingkai Xia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengjiao Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pengwei Xie
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyu Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jijun Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yukun Yao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunxu Yu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinning Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Minzhen Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qibin Zheng
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jifang Zhou
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250103, Shandong, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| |
Collapse
|