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A sustained high-temperature fusion plasma regime facilitated by fast ions. Nature 2022; 609:269-275. [PMID: 36071190 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear fusion is one of the most attractive alternatives to carbon-dependent energy sources1. Harnessing energy from nuclear fusion in a large reactor scale, however, still presents many scientific challenges despite the many years of research and steady advances in magnetic confinement approaches. State-of-the-art magnetic fusion devices cannot yet achieve a sustainable fusion performance, which requires a high temperature above 100 million kelvin and sufficient control of instabilities to ensure steady-state operation on the order of tens of seconds2,3. Here we report experiments at the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research4 device producing a plasma fusion regime that satisfies most of the above requirements: thanks to abundant fast ions stabilizing the core plasma turbulence, we generate plasmas at a temperature of 100 million kelvin lasting up to 20 seconds without plasma edge instabilities or impurity accumulation. A low plasma density combined with a moderate input power for operation is key to establishing this regime by preserving a high fraction of fast ions. This regime is rarely subject to disruption and can be sustained reliably even without a sophisticated control, and thus represents a promising path towards commercial fusion reactors.
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FUJISAWA A. Review of plasma turbulence experiments. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:103-119. [PMID: 33692227 PMCID: PMC8019855 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understandings of turbulent plasma have been developed along with nuclear fusion research for more than a half century. Long international research has produced discoveries concerning turbulent plasma that allow us to notice the hidden nature and physics questions that could contribute to other scientific fields and the development of technologies. Guiding concepts have been established up to now that stimulate investigations on turbulent plasma. Research based on concepts concerning symmetry breaking and global linkage requires observing the entire field of plasma turbulence for an ultimate understanding of plasma. This article reviews the achievements as well as contemporary problems regarding turbulence experiments associated with strongly magnetized plasmas in the last and present century, and introduces forthcoming experimental issues, including new diagnostics and physics-oriented devices related to plasma turbulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide FUJISAWA
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hawryluk R, Barnes CW, Batha S, Beer M, Bell M, Bell R, Berk H, Bitter M, Bretz N, Budny R, Bush C, Cauffman S, Chang CS, Chang Z, Cheng C, Darrow D, Dendy R, Dorland W, Dudek L, Duong H, Durst R, Efthimion P, Evenson H, Fisch N, Fisher R, Fonck R, Forrest C, Fredrickson E, Fu G, Furth H, Gorelenkov N, Grek B, Grisham L, Hammett G, Heidbrink W, Herrmann H, Herrmann M, Hill K, Hooper B, Hosea J, Houlberg W, Hughes M, Jassby D, Jobes F, Johnson D, Kaita R, Kamperschroer J, Kesner J, Krazilniknov A, Kugel H, Kumar A, LaMarche P, LeBlanc B, Levine J, Levinton F, Lin Z, Machuzak J, Majeski R, Mansfield D, Mazzucato E, Mauel M, McChesney J, McGuire K, McKee G, Meade D, Medley S, Mikkelsen D, Mimov S, Mueller D, Navratil G, Nazikian R, Nevins B, Okabayashi M, Osakabe M, Owens D, Park H, Park W, Paul S, Petrov M, Phillips C, Phillips M, Phillips P, Ramsey A, Redi M, Rewoldt G, Rice B, Rogers J, Roquemore A, Ruskov E, Sabbagh S, Sasao M, Schilling G, Schmidt G, Scott S, Semenov I, Skinner C, Spong D, Strachan J, Strait E, Stratton B, Synakowski E, Takahashi H, Tang W, Taylor G, Goeler SV, Halle AV, White R, Williams M, Wilson J, Wong K, Wurden G, Young K, Zarnstorff M, Zweben S. Review of D-T Results from TFTR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13182/fst96-a11963011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ku LP, Hendel HW, Liew SL, Strachan JD. Numerical Simulations of In Situ Neutron Detector Calibration Experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst91-a29382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Ku
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P. O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-0451
| | - H. W. Hendel
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P. O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-0451
| | - S. L. Liew
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P. O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-0451
| | - J. D. Strachan
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P. O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-0451
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Affiliation(s)
- H. W. Hendel
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 0854
| | - D. L. Jassby
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 0854
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Manheimer W. Back to the Future: The Historical, Scientific, Naval, and Environmental Case for Fission Fusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst99-a87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Manheimer
- Naval Research Laboratory Plasma Physics Division, Code 6707, Washington, D.C. 20375-5320
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Yamada H, Kawahata K, Mutoh T, Ohyabu N, Takeiri Y, Imagawa S, Ida K, Mito T, Nagayama Y, Shimozuma T, Watanabe KY, Kobayashi M, Kumazawa R, Masuzaki S, Morisaki T, Miyazawa J, Nagaoka K, Narushima Y, Sakakibara S, Sakamoto R, Toi K, Yokoyama M, Kaneko O, Komori A, Motojima O. Progress in the Integrated Development of the Helical System. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst10-a10789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yamada
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Kawahata
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Mutoh
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - N. Ohyabu
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Takeiri
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Imagawa
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Ida
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Mito
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Nagayama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Shimozuma
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Y. Watanabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - R. Kumazawa
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Masuzaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Morisaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - J. Miyazawa
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Nagaoka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y. Narushima
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Sakakibara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - R. Sakamoto
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K. Toi
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M. Yokoyama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - O. Kaneko
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - A. Komori
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - O. Motojima
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
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Clauser CF, Arista NR. Energy loss and Z oscillations of atomic beams in plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:053102. [PMID: 24329367 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.053102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We apply a semiclassical partial-wave-scattering method based on the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation to study the transport cross section and the energy loss of neutral or ionized atomic beams in plasmas. This approach reproduces the exact quantum result in a satisfactory manner, even in several extreme conditions of plasma densities and temperatures, and agrees with the results of linear or perturbative calculations for bare ions in the appropriate limits. We pay special attention to low projectile speeds where strong oscillations in the transport cross section and energy loss-as a function of projectile's atomic number-are observed. We study these oscillatory phenomena varying the projectile speed and its ionization degree and the plasma temperature and density. We analyze in physical terms these effects and present a diagram of plasma conditions showing the regions where these oscillations may occur for both neutral and ionized beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Clauser
- División Colisiones Atómicas, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Instituto Balseiro, 8400 S. C. Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N R Arista
- División Colisiones Atómicas, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Instituto Balseiro, 8400 S. C. Bariloche, Argentina
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Hirooka Y. A review of plasma–wall boundary effects on core confinement and lithium applications to boundary-controlled magnetic fusion experiments. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Unterberg B, Samm U. Overview of Tokamak Results. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.13182/fst10-a9436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Unterberg
- Bernhard Unterberg and Ulrich Samm Institut füur Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jüulich GmbH,* Association EURATOM-FZ Jüulich D-52425 Jüulich, Germany, phone: +49 2461 61 4803,
| | - Ulrich Samm
- Bernhard Unterberg and Ulrich Samm Institut füur Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jüulich GmbH,* Association EURATOM-FZ Jüulich D-52425 Jüulich, Germany, phone: +49 2461 61 4803,
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Unterberg
- Institut f¨ur Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum J¨ulich GmbH, Association EURATOM-FZ J¨ulich D-52425 J¨ulich, Germany, phone: +49 2461 61 4803,
| | - Ulrich Samm
- Institut f¨ur Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum J¨ulich GmbH, Association EURATOM-FZ J¨ulich D-52425 J¨ulich, Germany, phone: +49 2461 61 4803,
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Unterberg
- Institut für Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH*, Association EURATOM-FZ Jülich D-52425 Jülich, Germany, phone: +49 2461 61 4803,
| | - Ulrich Samm
- Institut für Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH*, Association EURATOM-FZ Jülich D-52425 Jülich, Germany, phone: +49 2461 61 4803,
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Levinton FM, Zarnstorff MC, Batha SH, Bell M, Bell RE, Budny RV, Bush C, Chang Z, Fredrickson E, Janos A, Manickam J, Ramsey A, Sabbagh SA, Schmidt GL, Synakowski EJ, Taylor G. Improved confinement with reversed magnetic shear in TFTR. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:4417-4420. [PMID: 10059903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Chang Z, Callen JD, Fredrickson ED, Budny RV, Hegna CC, McGuire KM, Zarnstorff MC. Observation of nonlinear neoclassical pressure-gradient-driven tearing modes in TFTR. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:4663-4666. [PMID: 10058567 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Koch R, Messiaen A, Ongena J, Van Nieuwenhove R, Van Oost G, Van Wassenhove G, Dumortier P, Durodie F, Vandenplas P, Van Esteer D, Vervier M, Weynants R, Finken K, Euringer H, Philipps V, Samm U, Unterberg B, Winter J, Bertschinger G, Esser H, Fuchs G, Giesen B, Hintz E, Hoenen F, Hütteman P, Könen L, Korten M, Koslowski H, Krämer-Flecken A, Lochter M, Mank G, Pospieszczyk A, Schweer B, Soltwisch H, Telesca G, Uhlemann R, Waidmann G, Wolf G, Boedo J, Gray D, Hillis D, Oyevaar T, Tammen H, Tanabe T, Ueda Y. Recent results on ion cyclotron and combined heating of TEXTOR. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-3796(94)00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hawryluk RJ, Adler H, Alling P, Ancher C, Anderson H, Anderson JL, Ashcroft D, Barnes CW, Barnes G, Batha S, Bell MG, Bell R, Bitter M, Blanchard W, Bretz NL, Budny R, Bush CE, Camp R, Caorlin M, Cauffman S, Chang Z, Cheng CZ, Collins J, Coward G, Darrow DS, DeLooper J, Duong H, Dudek L, Durst R, Efthimion PC, Ernst D, Fisher R, Fonck RJ, Fredrickson E, Fromm N, Fu GY, Furth HP, Gentile C, Gorelenkov N, Grek B, Grisham LR, Hammett G, Hanson GR, Heidbrink W, Herrmann HW, Hill KW, Hosea J, Hsuan H, Janos A, Jassby DL, Jobes FC, Johnson DW, Johnson LC, Kamperschroer J, Kugel H, Lam NT, LaMarche PH, Loughlin MJ, LeBlanc B, Leonard M, Levinton FM, Machuzak J, Mansfield DK, Martin A. Confinement and heating of a deuterium-tritium plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:3530-3533. [PMID: 10056223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Strachan JD, Adler H, Alling P, Ancher C, Anderson H, Anderson JL, Ashcroft D, Barnes CW, Barnes G, Batha S, Bell MG, Bell R, Bitter M, Blanchard W, Bretz NL, Budny R, Bush CE, Camp R, Caorlin M, Cauffman S, Chang Z, Cheng CZ, Collins J, Coward G, Darrow DS, DeLooper J, Duong H, Dudek L, Durst R, Efthimion PC, Ernst D, Fisher R, Fonck RJ, Fredrickson E, Fromm N, Fu GY, Furth HP, Gentile C, Gorelenkov N, Grek B, Grisham LR, Hammett G, Hanson GR, Hawryluk RJ, Heidbrink W, Herrmann HW, Hill KW, Hosea J, Hsuan H, Janos A, Jassby DL, Jobes FC, Johnson DW, Johnson LC, Kamperschroer J, Kugel H, Lam NT, LaMarche PH, Loughlin MJ, LeBlanc B, Leonard M, Levinton FM, Machuzak J, Mansfield DK. Fusion power production from TFTR plasmas fueled with deuterium and tritium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:3526-3529. [PMID: 10056222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Mazzucato E, Nazikian R. Radial scale length of turbulent fluctuations in the main core of TFTR plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:1840-1843. [PMID: 10054513 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Synakowski EJ, Efthimion PC, Rewoldt G, Stratton BC, Tang WM, Grek B, Hill KW, Hulse RA, Johnson DW, Kissick MW, Mansfield DK, McCune D, Mikkelsen DR, Park HK, Ramsey AT, Redi MH, Scott SD, Taylor G, Timberlake J, Zarnstorff MC. Helium, iron, and electron particle transport and energy transport studies on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.860755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Taylor G, Bell MG, Biglari H, Bitter M, Bretz NL, Budny R, Chen L, Darrow D, Efthimion PC, Ernst D, Fredrickson E, Fu GY, Grek B, Grisham L, Hammett G, Hosea JC, Janos A, Jassby D, Jobes FC, Johnson DW, Johnson LC, Majeski R, Mansfield DK, Mazzucato E, Medley SS, Mueller D, Nazikian R, Owens DK, Paul S, Park H, Phillips CK, Rogers JH, Schilling G, Schivell J, Schmidt GL, Stevens JE, Stratton BC, Strachan JD, Synakowski E, Wilson JR, Wong KL, Zweben SJ, Baylor L, Bush CE, Goldfinger RC, Hoffman DJ, Murakami M, Qualls AL, Rasmussen D, Machuzak J, Rimini F, Chang Z. Ion cyclotron range of frequency heating on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.860728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Fonck RJ, Cosby G, Durst RD, Paul SF, Bretz N, Scott S, Synakowski E, Taylor G. Long-wavelength density turbulence in the TFTR tokamak. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:3736-3739. [PMID: 10053949 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lao LL, Ferron JR, Taylor TS, Burrell KH, Chan VS, Chu MS, DeBoo JC, Doyle EJ, Greenfield CM, Groebner RJ, James R, Lazarus EA, Osborne TH, Strait EJ, Thompson SJ, Turnbull AD, Wroblewski D, Zohm H. High internal inductance improved confinement H-mode discharges obtained with an elongation ramp technique in the DIII-D tokamak. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:3435-3438. [PMID: 10053868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ida K, Itoh S, Itoh K, Hidekuma S, Miura Y, Kawashima H, Mori M, Matsuda T, Suzuki N, Tamai H, Yamauchi T. Density peaking in the JFT-2M tokamak plasma with counter neutral-beam injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:182-185. [PMID: 10045556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Jassby DL, Barnes CW, Bell MG, Bitter M, Boivin R, Bretz NL, Budny RV, Bush CE, Dylla HF, Efthimion PC, Fredrickson ED, Hawryluk RJ, Hill KW, Hosea J, Hsuan H, Janos AC, Jobes FC, Johnson DW, Johnson LC, Kamperschroer J, Kieras‐Phillips C, Kilpatrick SJ, LaMarche PH, LeBlanc B, Mansfield DK, Marmar ES, McCune DC, McGuire KM, Meade DM, Medley SS, Mikkelsen DR, Mueller D, Owens DK, Park HK, Paul SF, Pitcher S, Ramsey AT, Redi MH, Sabbagh SA, Scott SD, Snipes J, Stevens J, Strachan JD, Stratton BC, Synakowski EJ, Taylor G, Terry JL, Timberlake JR, Towner HH, Ulrickson M, von Goeler S, Wieland RM, Williams M, Wilson JR, Wong K, Young KM, Zarnstorff MC, Zweben SJ. High‐Qplasmas in the TFTR tokamak. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Efthimion PC, Barnes CW, Bell MG, Biglari H, Bretz N, Diamond PH, Hammett G, Heidbrink W, Hulse R, Johnson D, Kusama Y, Mansfield D, Medley SS, Nazikian R, Park H, Ramsey A, Rewoldt G, Scott SD, Stratton BC, Synakowski E, Tang WM, Taylor G, Zarnstorff MC, Zweben SJ. Comparison of steady‐state and perturbative transport coefficients in TFTR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Itoh SI, Maeda H, Miura Y. Improved operating modes and the evaluation of confinement improvement. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-3796(92)90019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The toroidal belt pump limiter, ALT-II, in the TEXTOR tokamak. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-3796(90)90045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stambaugh RD, Wolfe SM, Hawryluk RJ, Harris JH, Biglari H, Prager SC, Goldston RJ, Fonck RJ, Ohkawa T, Logan BG, Oktay E. Enhanced confinement in tokamaks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kaye SM, Barnes CW, Bell MG, DeBoo JC, Greenwald M, Riedel K, Sigmar D, Uckan N, Waltz R. Status of global energy confinement studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Bush CE, Goldston RJ, Scott SD, Fredrickson ED, McGuire K, Schivell J, Taylor G, Barnes CW, Bell MG, Boivin RL, Bretz N, Budny RV, Cavallo A, Efthimion PC, Grek B, Hawryluk R, Hill K, Hulse RA, Janos A, Johnson DW, Kilpatrick S, Manos DM, Mansfield DK, Meade DM, Park H, Ramsey AT, Stratton B, Synakowski EJ, Towner HH, Wieland RM, Zarnstorff MC, Zweben S. Peaked density profiles in circular-limiter H modes on the TFTR tokamak. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 65:424-427. [PMID: 10042917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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MIYA N. Recent Results in JT-60 Advanced Experiment JT-60 Team, JAERI (Presented by Naoyuki MIYA). J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/18811248.1990.9731214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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McGuire K, Arunasalam V, Barnes CW, Bell MG, Bitter M, Boivin R, Bretz NL, Budny R, Bush CE, Cavallo A, Chu TK, Cohen SA, Colestock P, Davis SL, Dimock DL, Dylla HF, Efthimion PC, Ehrhrardt AB, Fonck RJ, Fredrickson E, Furth HP, Gammel G, Goldston RJ, Greene G, Grek B, Grisham LR, Hammett G, Hawryluk RJ, Hendel HW, Hill KW, Hinnov E, Hoffman DJ, Hosea J, Howell RB, Hsuan H, Hulse RA, Janos AC, Jassby D, Jobes F, Johnson DW, Johnson LC, Kaita R, Kieras‐Phillips C, Kilpatrick SJ, LaMarche PH, LeBlanc B, Manos DM, Mansfield DK, Mazzucato E, McCarthy MP, McCune MC, McNeill DH, Meade DM, Medley SS, Mikkelsen DR, Monticello D, Motley R, Mueller D, Murphy JA, Nagayama Y, Nazakian DR, Neischmidt EB, Owens DK, Park H, Park W, Pitcher S, Ramsey AT, Redi MH, Roquemore AL, Rutherford PH, Schilling G, Schivell J, Schmidt GL, Scott SD, Sinnis JC, Stevens J, Stratton BC, Stodiek W, Synakowski EJ, Tang WM, Taylor G, Timberlake JR, Towner HH, Ulrickson M, von Goeler S, Wieland R, Williams M, Wilson JR, Wong K, Yamada M, Yoshikawa S, Young KM, Zarnstorff MC, Zweben SJ. High‐beta operation and magnetohydrodynamic activity on the TFTR tokamak. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Fonck RJ, Howell R, Jaehnig K, Roquemore L, Schilling G, Scott S, Zarnstorff MC, Bush C, Goldston R, Hsuan H, Johnson D, Ramsey A, Schivell J, Towner H. Ion thermal confinement in the enhanced-confinement regime of the TFTR tokamak. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 63:520-523. [PMID: 10041096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Zarnstorff MC, Bell MG, Bitter M, Goldston RJ, Grek B, Hawryluk RJ, Hill K, Johnson D, McCune D, Park H, Ramsey A, Taylor G, Wieland R. Bootstrap current in TFTR. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 60:1306-1309. [PMID: 10038001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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