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Hierarchically Ordered α-Zirconium Phosphate Platelets in Aqueous Phase with Empty Liquid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16389. [PMID: 31704950 PMCID: PMC6841702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets of α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) obtained from the reflux method in H3PO4 are successfully exfoliated into water via the intercalation of alkanol amines. With volume fractions greater than 0.02 they are stacked into tactoids of few layers with a repeat distance in the order of 10 nm. The tactoids align into nematic liquid crystalline phases with irregularly wide interstices of empty liquid. Colloidal processing involves the freeze-drying of such anisotropic fluids and the dispersion of the restacked tacoids into aqueous dispersions of colloidal polymer particles of largely varying size which occupy the otherwise empty liquid between the α-ZrP tactoids and induce piling of the tactoids into columns. Real-time SAXS on drying films and TEM of the obtained coatings demonstrate that the stacked α-ZrP platelets and the polymer particles comprising liquid dry separately without polymer intercalation, while the morphology of the obtained composites can be tuned primarily by the size of the polymer colloids. Concomitant α-ZrP hydrolysis in the exfoliation step is scrutinized as a function of amine basicity and temperature. The role of zirconium based hydrolysis products in the hierarchical α-ZrP assembly is indirectly though consistently confirmed by opposing impacts of ultra-filtration and added oxoanions on the platelets’ spacing, smoothness and aggregation. HAADF-TEM imaging of scattered, singular platelets and XRD peak analysis of the pristine solid shed light on the α-ZrP synthesis. Coexisting flakes and lacunae, both similar in size to the intra-layer crystal domains, suggest the stitching of proto-α-ZrP flakes into extended layers in accordance with our observations on the aging behaviour of α-ZrP dispersions as well as with literature data on related systems.
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Wu J, Gangopadhyay AK, Kanjanaboos P, Solin SA. Magnetic properties of S = 1/2 quasi-triangular lattice materials: Cu(2(1-x))Zn(2x)(OH)3NO3/(C7H15COO)·mH2O. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:334211. [PMID: 21386501 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/33/334211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the structural and magnetic properties of two classes of spin S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic quasi-triangular lattice materials: Cu(2(1-x))Zn(2x)(OH)(3)NO(3) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.65) and its long chain organic derivatives Cu(2(1-x))Zn(2x)(OH)(3)(C(7)H(15)COO)·mH(2)O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.29). The series of layered structure compounds constitute a substitutional magnetic system, in which spin S = 1/2Cu(2+) ions and nonmagnetic Zn(2+) ions are arranged on a two-dimensional quasi-triangular lattice. For the nitrate compounds we found that the substitution of Zn(2+) ions can continuously decrease the Néel temperature, T(N), but never completely remove the magnetic order. In addition, the frustration effect in these materials is suppressed by a three-dimensional interlayer interaction. On the other hand, the corresponding long chain alkyl carboxylic acid group of intercalated materials, Cu(2(1-x))Zn(2x)(OH)(3)(C(7)H(15)COO)·mH(2)O, show spin-glass-like behavior, which is caused by the interplay of geometric frustration and mixed sign interactions. A tentative explanation for these findings is proposed in terms of a cluster-glass picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Department of Physics and Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Barman S, Vasudevan S. Mixed Saturated−Unsaturated Alkyl-Chain Assemblies: Solid Solutions of Zinc Stearate and Zinc Oleate. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:5212-7. [PMID: 17441755 DOI: 10.1021/jp068675x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The linear saturated stearic acid and the bent mono-unsaturated oleic acid do not mix and form solid solutions. However, the zinc salts of these acids can. From X-ray diffraction and DSC measurements we show that the layered zinc stearate and zinc oleate salts form a homogeneous solid solution at all composition ratios. The solid solutions exhibit a single melting endotherm, with the melting temperature varying linearly with composition but with the enthalpy change showing a minimum. By monitoring features in the infrared spectra that are characteristic of the global conformation of the hydrocarbon chain, and hence can distinguish between stearate and oleate chains, it is shown that solid solution formation is realized by the introduction of gauche defects in a fraction of the stearate chains that are then no longer linear. This fraction increases with oleate concentration. It has also been possible from the spectroscopic measurements to establish a quantitative relation between molecular conformational order and the thermodynamic enthalpy of melting of the solid solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barman
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, and Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-566012, India
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Hines DR, Solin SA, Costantino U, Nocchetti M. Layer Rigidity in Layer Double Hydroxides Containing a Fixed Host-Layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250008026169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Hines
- a NEC Research Institute , Princeton , NJ , 08540 , USA
| | - S. A. Solin
- a NEC Research Institute , Princeton , NJ , 08540 , USA
| | - U. Costantino
- b Dipartimento di Chimica , Universitá di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 , Perugia , ITALY
| | - M. Nocchetti
- b Dipartimento di Chimica , Universitá di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 , Perugia , ITALY
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Sloutskin E, Gang O, Kraack H, Ocko BM, Sirota EB, Deutsch M. Demixing transition in a quasi-two-dimensional surface-frozen layer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:065501. [PMID: 12190594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.065501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A thin/thick transition was observed by x-ray reflectivity in a surface-frozen crystalline bilayer on the surface of a molten binary mixture of long alcohols. This rare example of a solid-solid phase transition in a quasi-2D system is shown to result from an abrupt temperature-driven change in the layer's composition, kinetically enabled by the layer's ability to exchange molecules with the underlying 3D liquid bulk. Mean-field thermodynamics yields a Gibbs-adsorption-like expression which accounts very well for the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sloutskin
- Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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Michot LJ, Villiéras F, Lambert JF, Bergaoui L, Grillet Y, Robert JL. Surface Heterogeneity in Micropores of Pillared Clays: The Limits of Classical Pore-Filling Mechanisms. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980110g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent J. Michot
- Laboratoire “Environnement et Minéralurgie”, I.N.P.L.-ENSG-CNRS URA 235, Rue du Doyen Roubault, BP40, 54501 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Tour 54, UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Centre de Thermodynamique et de Microcalorimétrie CNRS 26, Rue du 141ème R.I.A., 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France, and Centre de Recherches sur la Synthèse et la Chimie des Minéraux, CNRS, 1A, Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Frédéric Villiéras
- Laboratoire “Environnement et Minéralurgie”, I.N.P.L.-ENSG-CNRS URA 235, Rue du Doyen Roubault, BP40, 54501 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Tour 54, UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Centre de Thermodynamique et de Microcalorimétrie CNRS 26, Rue du 141ème R.I.A., 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France, and Centre de Recherches sur la Synthèse et la Chimie des Minéraux, CNRS, 1A, Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-François Lambert
- Laboratoire “Environnement et Minéralurgie”, I.N.P.L.-ENSG-CNRS URA 235, Rue du Doyen Roubault, BP40, 54501 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Tour 54, UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Centre de Thermodynamique et de Microcalorimétrie CNRS 26, Rue du 141ème R.I.A., 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France, and Centre de Recherches sur la Synthèse et la Chimie des Minéraux, CNRS, 1A, Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Latifa Bergaoui
- Laboratoire “Environnement et Minéralurgie”, I.N.P.L.-ENSG-CNRS URA 235, Rue du Doyen Roubault, BP40, 54501 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Tour 54, UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Centre de Thermodynamique et de Microcalorimétrie CNRS 26, Rue du 141ème R.I.A., 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France, and Centre de Recherches sur la Synthèse et la Chimie des Minéraux, CNRS, 1A, Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Yves Grillet
- Laboratoire “Environnement et Minéralurgie”, I.N.P.L.-ENSG-CNRS URA 235, Rue du Doyen Roubault, BP40, 54501 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Tour 54, UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Centre de Thermodynamique et de Microcalorimétrie CNRS 26, Rue du 141ème R.I.A., 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France, and Centre de Recherches sur la Synthèse et la Chimie des Minéraux, CNRS, 1A, Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Louis Robert
- Laboratoire “Environnement et Minéralurgie”, I.N.P.L.-ENSG-CNRS URA 235, Rue du Doyen Roubault, BP40, 54501 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Tour 54, UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Centre de Thermodynamique et de Microcalorimétrie CNRS 26, Rue du 141ème R.I.A., 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France, and Centre de Recherches sur la Synthèse et la Chimie des Minéraux, CNRS, 1A, Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Abstract
▪ Abstract The materials properties and physical phenomena exhibited by layered silicate clays and clay intercalation compounds, a subgroup of the general class of layered solids, are reviewed. The importance of layer rigidity is emphasized. Clays are compared and contrasted with the more familiar layered solids such as graphite and dichalcogenides. Some of the unusual structural features of clays including interstratification, swelling, and the lack of staging are discussed and explained qualitatively and quantitatively. Novel magnetic phenomena such as that associated with a disordered two-dimensional kagomé antiferromagnet formed in synthetic clays and the effect of co-intercalated water on the crystal field–induced magnetic ordering in natural clays are described and analyzed. The vibrational excitations in clays are addressed in terms of lattice dynamical models for the phonon dispersion curves. The theoretical models are compared with experimental measurements including neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Solin
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London SW7 2BZ, UK
- NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
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