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Abstract
Isospin symmetry breaking effects on the mass-radius relation of a cold, non-accreting neutron star are studied on the basis of two Skyrme Energy Density Functionals (EDFs). One functional contains isospin symmetry breaking terms other than those typically included in Skyrme EDFs while its counterpart is of standard form. Both functionals are based on the same fitting protocol except for the observables and pseudo-observables sensitive to the isospin symmetry breaking channel. The quality of those functionals is similar in the description of terrestrial observables but choosing either of them has a non-negligible effect on the mass-radius relation and tidal deformability of a neutron star. Further investigations are needed to clarify the effects of isospin symmetry breaking on these and other observables of neutron stars that are, and will become, available.
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2
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Gusakov ME, Kantor EM. Decoupling of superfluid and normal modes in pulsating neutron stars. Int J Clin Exp Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.83.081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Amorini F, Cardella G, Giuliani G, Papa M, Agodi C, Alba R, Anzalone A, Berceanu I, Cavallaro S, Chatterjee MB, Coniglione R, De Filippo E, Di Pietro A, Geraci E, Grassi L, Grzeszczuk A, Figuera P, La Guidara E, Lanzalone G, Le Neindre N, Lombardo I, Maiolino C, Pagano A, Pirrone S, Politi G, Pop A, Porto F, Rizzo F, Russotto P, Santonocito D, Sapienza P, Verde G. Isospin dependence of incomplete fusion reactions at 25 MeV/nucleon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:112701. [PMID: 19392196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 12/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
40Ca+;{40,48}Ca,46Ti reactions at 25 MeV/nucleon have been studied using the 4pi CHIMERA detector. An isospin effect on the competition between fusionlike and binarylike reaction mechanisms has been observed. The probability of producing a heavy residue is lower in the case of N approximately Z colliding systems as compared to the case of reactions induced on the neutron rich 48Ca target. Predictions based on constrained molecular dynamics II calculations show that the competition between fusionlike and binary reactions in the selected centrality bins can constrain the parametrization of the symmetry energy and its density dependence in the nuclear equation of state.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Amorini
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via Santa Sofia 44, Catania, Italy
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Chamel N, Haensel P. Physics of Neutron Star Crusts. LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2008; 11:10. [PMID: 28163609 PMCID: PMC5255077 DOI: 10.12942/lrr-2008-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The physics of neutron star crusts is vast, involving many different research fields, from nuclear and condensed matter physics to general relativity. This review summarizes the progress, which has been achieved over the last few years, in modeling neutron star crusts, both at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The confrontation of these theoretical models with observations is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chamel
- Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP226, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pawel Haensel
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warszawa, Poland
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Lin LM, Andersson N, Comer GL. Oscillations of general relativistic multifluid/multilayer compact stars. Int J Clin Exp Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.78.083008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Jofré P, Reisenegger A, Fernández R. Constraining a possible time variation of the gravitational constant through "gravitochemical heating" of neutron stars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:131102. [PMID: 17026021 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.131102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A hypothetical time variation of the gravitational constant G would cause neutron star matter to depart from beta equilibrium, due to the changing hydrostatic equilibrium. This induces nonequilibrium beta processes, which release energy that is invested partly in neutrino emission and partly in internal heating. Eventually, the star arrives at a stationary state in which the temperature remains nearly constant, as the forcing through the change of G is balanced by the ongoing reactions. Using the surface temperature of the nearest millisecond pulsar, PSR J0437-4715, inferred from ultraviolet observations, we estimate two upper limits for this variation: (1) |.G/G|< 2 x 10(-10) yr(-1), if direct Urca reactions are allowed, and (2) |.G/G|< 4 x 10(-12) yr(-1), considering only modified Urca reactions. The latter is among the most restrictive obtained by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jofré
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
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7
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Villain L, Bonazzola S, Haensel P. Inertial modes in stratified rotating neutron stars: An evolutionary description. Int J Clin Exp Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.71.083001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Chen LW, Greco V, Ko CM, Li BA. Effects of symmetry energy on two-nucleon correlation functions in heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:162701. [PMID: 12731973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.162701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using an isospin-dependent transport model, we study the effects of nuclear symmetry energy on two-nucleon correlation functions in heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei. We find that the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy affects significantly the nucleon emission times in these collisions, leading to larger values of two-nucleon correlation functions for a symmetry energy that has a stronger density dependence. Two-nucleon correlation functions are thus useful tools for extracting information about the nuclear symmetry energy from heavy-ion collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie-Wen Chen
- Cyclotron Institute and Physics Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3366, USA
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9
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Abstract
Nuclear collisions can compress nuclear matter to densities achieved within neutron stars and within core-collapse supernovae. These dense states of matter exist momentarily before expanding. We analyzed the flow of matter to extract pressures in excess of 10(34) pascals, the highest recorded under laboratory-controlled conditions. Using these analyses, we rule out strongly repulsive nuclear equations of state from relativistic mean field theory and weakly repulsive equations of state with phase transitions at densities less than three times that of stable nuclei, but not equations of state softened at higher densities because of a transformation to quark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Danielewicz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1321, USA
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10
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Li BA. Probing the high density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy with high energy heavy-ion collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:192701. [PMID: 12005628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.192701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High energy heavy-ion collisions are proposed as a novel means to constrain stringently the high density (HD) behavior of nuclear symmetry energy. Within an isospin-dependent hadronic transport model, it is shown for the first time that the isospin asymmetry of the HD nuclear matter formed in high energy heavy-ion collisions is uniquely determined by the HD behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy. Experimental signatures in two sensitive probes, i.e., pi(-) to pi(+) ratio and neutron-proton differential collective flow, are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-An Li
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, P.O. Box 419, Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas 72467-0419, USA.
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11
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Prakash M, Lattimer JM, Pons JA, Steiner AW, Reddy S. Evolution of a Neutron Star from Its Birth to Old Age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44578-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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12
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Li BA. Neutron-proton differential flow as a probe of isospin-dependence of the nuclear equation of state. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:4221-4224. [PMID: 11060603 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The neutron-proton differential flow is shown to be a very useful probe of the isospin-dependence of the nuclear equation of state (EOS). This novel approach utilizes constructively both the isospin fractionation and the nuclear collective flow as well as their sensitivities to the isospin-dependence of the nuclear EOS. It also avoids effectively uncertainties associated with other dynamical ingredients of heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- BA Li
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 419, State University, Arkansas 72467-0419, USA
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Yakovlev DG, Levenfish KP, Shibanov YA. Cooling of neutron stars and superfluidity in their cores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.3367/ufnr.0169.199908a.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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14
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Sawyer RF. Use of neutrino reactions on nuclei to investigate the kaon dispersion relation in nuclear matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:3363-3366. [PMID: 10057362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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15
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Fujii H, Muto T, Tatsumi T, Tamagaki R. Effects of symmetry energy on the direct URCA process in the kaon condensed phase. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 50:3140-3146. [PMID: 9970017 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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16
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Starodubsky VE, Hintz NM. Constraints on the nuclear compressibility from analysis of the breathing mode and density differences of lead isotopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 49:2479-2488. [PMID: 9969496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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17
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Haensel P, Schaeffer R. Bulk viscosity of hot-neutron-star matter from direct URCA processes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1992; 45:4708-4712. [PMID: 10014383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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18
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Lattimer JM, Pethick CJ, Prakash M, Haensel P. Direct URCA process in neutron stars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:2701-2704. [PMID: 10043594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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19
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Kapusta JI, Olive KA. Effects of strange particles on neutron-star cores. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 64:13-15. [PMID: 10041261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.64.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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20
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Friedman JL, Ipser JR, Parker L. Implications of a half-millisecond pulsar. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 62:3015-3019. [PMID: 10040156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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