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Perturbative QCD Core of Hadrons and Color Transparency Phenomena. PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/physics4030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current paper, we argue that the ground state of a hadron contains a significant perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) core as the result of color gauge invariance and the values of chiral and gluon vacuum condensates. The evaluation within the method of dispersion sum rules (DSR) of the vacuum matrix elements of the correlator of local currents with the proper quantum numbers leads to the value of the radius of the pQCD core of a nucleon of about 0.4–0.5 fm. The selection of the initial and final states allows to select processes in which the pQCD core of the projectile gives the dominant contribution to the process. It is explained that the transparency of nuclear matter for the propagation of a spatially small and color-neutral wave packet of quarks and gluons—a color transparency (CT) phenomenon—for a group of hard processes off nuclear targets can be derived in the form of the QCD factorization theorem accounting for the color screening phenomenon. Based on the success of the method of DSR, we argue that a pQCD core in a hadron wave function is surrounded by the layer consisting of quarks interacting with quark and gluon condensates. As a result, in the quasi-elastic processes e+A→e′+N+(A−1)∗, the quasi-Feynman mechanism could be dominating in a wide range of the momentum transfer squared, Q2. In this scenario, a virtual photon is absorbed by a single quark, which carries a large fraction of the momentum of the nucleon and dominates in a wide range of Q2. CT should reveal itself in these processes at extremely large Q2 as the consequence of the presence of the Sudakov form factors, which squeeze a nucleon.
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Abstract
In light of the recent Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) data for the nuclear 12C(e,e′p) transparencies, calculations, obtained in a relativistic multiple scattering Glauber approximation, are discussed. The shell-separated 12C transparencies are shown and it is concluded that the p-shell nucleons are 75% more transparent than the s-shell ones. The presented comparisons between the calculations made here and the current 12C(e,e′p) data show no clear indication for the onset of color transparency when implemented within the color diffusion model with standard parameters.
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Onset of Color Transparency in Holographic Light-Front QCD. PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/physics4020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The color transparency (CT) of a hadron, propagating with reduced absorption in a nucleus, is a fundamental property of QCD (quantum chromodynamics) reflecting its internal structure and effective size when it is produced at high transverse momentum, Q. CT has been confirmed in many experiments, such as semi-exclusive hard electroproduction, eA→e′πX, for mesons produced at Q2>3GeV2. However, a recent JLab (Jefferson Laboratory) measurement for a proton electroproduced in carbon eC→e′pX, where X stands for the inclusive sum of all produced final states, fails to observe CT at Q2 up to 14.2 GeV2. In this paper, the onset of CT is determined by comparing the Q2-dependence of the hadronic cross sections for the initial formation of a small color-singlet configuration using the generalized parton distributions from holographic light-front QCD. A critical dependence on the hadron’s twist, τ, the number of hadron constituents, is found for the onset of CT, with no significant effects from the nuclear medium. This effect can explain the absence of proton CT in the present kinematic range of the JLab experiment. The proton is predicted to have a “two-stage” color transparency with the onset of CT differing for the spin-conserving (twist-3, τ=3) Dirac form factor with a higher onset in Q2 for the spin-flip Pauli (twist-4) form factor. In contrast, the neutron is predicted to have a “one-stage” color transparency with the onset at higher Q2 because of the dominance of its Pauli form factor. The model also predicts a strong dependence at low energies on the flavor of the quark current coupling to the hadron.
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Abstract
Fourty years after its introduction, the phenomenon of color transparency remains a domain of controversial interpretations of experimental data. In this review, present evidence for or against color transparency manifestation in various exclusive hard scattering reactions is presented. The nuclear transparency experiments reveal whether short-distance processes dominate a scattering amplitude at some given kinematical point. We plead for a new round of nuclear transparency measurements in a variety of experimental set-ups, including near-forward exclusive reactions related to generalized parton distribution (GPD) physics and near-backward exclusive reactions related to transition distribution amplitudes (TDA) physics.
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Abstract
The paper proposes to study the onset of color transparency in hard exclusive reactions in the backward regime. Guided by the encouraging Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) results on backward π and ω electroproduction data at moderate virtuality Q2, which may be interpreted as the signal of an early scaling regime, where the scattering amplitude factorizes in a hard coefficient function convoluted with nucleon to meson transition distribution amplitudes, the study shows that investigations of these channels on nuclear targets opens a new opportunity to test the appearance of nuclear color transparency for a fast-moving nucleon.
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Hadronization and Color Transparency. PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/physics4020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the earlier studies by us on the production of hadrons in a nuclear environment are reviewed. A string-breaking model for the initial production of hadrons and a quantum-kinetic Giessen-Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) transport model are used to describe the final state interactions of the newly formed (pre)hadrons. The latter are determined both by the formation times and by the time-development of the hadron–hadron cross section. First, it is shown that only a linear time dependence is able to describe the available hadronizatin data. Then, the results are compared with detailed data from HERMES and Jefferson Laboratory (JLAB) experiments; a rather good agreement is reached for all reactions, studied without any tuning of parameters. Predictions of spectra for pions and kaons for JLAB experiments at 12 GeV are also repeated. Finally, the absence of color transparency (CT) effects in the recent experiment on proton transparencies in quasi-elastic (QE) scattering events on nuclei is discussed. We propose to look instead for CT effects on protons in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) events.
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Color Transparency in p¯A Reactions. PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/physics4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exclusive channels of antiproton annihilation on the bound nucleon are sensitive to mesonic interactions with the target residue. If the hard scale is present, then such interactions should be reduced due to color transparency (CT). In this paper, the d(p¯,π−π0)p reaction is discussed at a large center-of-mass angle. Predictions for the future PANDA (antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt) experiment at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, Germany) are given for nuclear transparency ratios calculated within the generalized eikonal approximation and the quantum diffusion model of CT.
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Blaizot JP. High gluon densities in heavy ion collisions. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:032301. [PMID: 27981950 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The early stages of heavy ion collisions are dominated by high density systems of gluons that carry each a small fraction x of the momenta of the colliding nucleons. A distinguishing feature of such systems is the phenomenon of 'saturation' which tames the expected growth of the gluon density as the energy of the collision increases. The onset of saturation occurs at a particular transverse momentum scale, the 'saturation momentum', that emerges dynamically and that marks the onset of non-linear gluon interactions. At high energy, and for large nuclei, the saturation momentum is large compared to the typical hadronic scale, making high density gluons amenable to a description with weak coupling techniques. This paper reviews some of the challenges faced in the study of such dense systems of small x gluons, and of the progress made in addressing them. The focus is on conceptual issues, and the presentation is both pedagogical, and critical. Examples where high gluon density could play a visible role in heavy ion collisions are briefly discussed at the end, for illustration purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Blaizot
- Institut de Physique Théorique, CNRS/UMR 3681, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Clasie B, Qian X, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Benmokhtar F, Boeglin W, Bosted P, Bruell A, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Cosyn W, Dalton MM, Daniel A, Day D, Dutta D, El Fassi L, Ent R, Fenker HC, Ferrer J, Fomin N, Gao H, Garrow K, Gaskell D, Gray C, Horn T, Huber GM, Jones MK, Kalantarians N, Keppel CE, Kramer K, Larson A, Li Y, Liang Y, Lung AF, Malace S, Markowitz P, Matsumura A, Meekins DG, Mertens T, Miller GA, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Monson R, Navasardyan T, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Okayasu Y, Opper AK, Perdrisat C, Punjabi V, Rauf AW, Rodriquez VM, Rohe D, Ryckebusch J, Seely J, Segbefia E, Smith GR, Strikman M, Sumihama M, Tadevosyan V, Tang L, Tvaskis V, Villano A, Vulcan WF, Wesselmann FR, Wood SA, Yuan L, Zheng XC. Measurement of nuclear transparency for the A(e,e'pi+) reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:242502. [PMID: 18233444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.242502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the nuclear transparency of the A(e,e'pi+) process in 2H, 12C, 27Al, 63Cu, and 197Au targets. These measurements were performed at the Jefferson Laboratory over a four momentum transfer squared range Q2=1.1 to 4.7 (GeV/c)2. The nuclear transparency was extracted as the super-ratio of (sigmaA/sigmaH) from data to a model of pion-electroproduction from nuclei without pi-N final-state interactions. The Q2 and atomic number dependence of the nuclear transparency both show deviations from traditional nuclear physics expectations and are consistent with calculations that include the quantum chromodynamical phenomenon of color transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clasie
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Aitala EM, Amato S, Anjos JC, Appel JA, Ashery D, Banerjee S, Bediaga I, Blaylock G, Bracker SB, Burchat PR, Burnstein RA, Carter T, Carvalho HS, Copty NK, Cremaldi LM, Darling C, Denisenko K, Devmal S, Fernandez A, Fox GF, Gagnon P, Gerzon S, Gobel C, Gounder K, Halling AM, Herrera G, Hurvits G, James C, Kasper PA, Kwan S, Langs DC, Leslie J, Lichtenstadt J, Lundberg B, MayTal-Beck S, Meadows B, de Mello Neto JR, Mihalcea D, Milburn RH, de Miranda JM, Napier A, Nguyen A, d'Oliveira AB, O'Shaughnessy K, Peng KC, Perera LP, Purohit MV, Quinn B, Radeztsky S, Rafatian A, Reay NW, Reidy JJ, dos Reis AC, Rubin HA, Sanders DA, Santha AK, Santoro AF, Schwartz AJ, Sheaff M, Sidwell RA, Slaughter AJ, Sokoloff MD, Solano J, Stanton NR, Stefanski RJ, Stenson K, Summers DJ, Takach S, Thorne K, Tripathi AK, Watanabe S, Weiss-Babai R, Wiener J, Witchey N, Wolin E, Yang SM, Yi D, Yoshida S, Zaliznyak R, Zhang C. Observation of color-transparency in diffractive dissociation of pions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:4773-4777. [PMID: 11384345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the diffractive dissociation into dijets of 500 GeV/c pions scattering coherently from carbon and platinum targets. Extrapolating to asymptotically high energies (where t(min)-->0), we find that when the per-nucleus cross section for this process is parametrized as sigma = sigma0Aalpha, alpha has values near 1.6, the exact result depending on jet transverse momentum. These values are in agreement with those predicted by theoretical calculations of color-transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Aitala
- Centro Brasiliero de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Bianconi A, Radici M. Angular distributions for knockout and scattering of protons in the eikonal approximation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 54:3117-3124. [PMID: 9971685 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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12
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Kelly JJ. Nuclear transparency to intermediate-energy protons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 54:2547-2562. [PMID: 9971612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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13
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Gao H, Holt RJ, Pandharipande VR. gamma n--> pi -p process in 4He and 16O. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 54:2779-2782. [PMID: 9971635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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14
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Baym G, Blättel B, Frankfurt LL, Heiselberg H, Strikman M. Correlations and fluctuations in high-energy nuclear collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 52:1604-1617. [PMID: 9970664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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15
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Rinat AS, Taragin MF. Nuclear transparencies for nucleons, knocked-out under various semi-inclusive conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 52:R28-R32. [PMID: 9970538 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.r28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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16
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Frankfurt LL, Moniz EJ, Sargsyan MM, Strikman MI. Correlation effects in nuclear transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:3435-3444. [PMID: 9970448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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17
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Frankel S, Frati W, Walet NR. Nuclear transparency in quasifree electron scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:R1616-R1618. [PMID: 9970310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.r1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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18
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Color transparency effects in electron deuteron interactions at intermediateQ 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01292764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Frankfurt LL, Strikman MI, Zhalóv MB. Pitfalls in looking for color transparency at intermediate energies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 50:2189-2197. [PMID: 9969897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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20
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Anisovich VV, Dakhno LG, Giannini MM. Color transparency in the deuteron. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 49:3275-3282. [PMID: 9969607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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21
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Greenberg WR, Miller GA. Color transparency and Dirac-based spin effects in (e,e'p) reactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 49:2747-2762. [PMID: 9969524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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22
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Jennings BK, Miller GA. Total neutron-nucleus cross sections and color transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 49:2637-2642. [PMID: 9969513 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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23
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Makins NC, Ent R, Chapman MS, Hansen J, Lee K, Milner RG, Nelson J, Arnold RG, Bosted PE, Keppel CE, Lung A, Rock SE, Spengos M, Szalata ZM, Tao LH, White JL, Coulter KP, Geesaman DF, Holt RJ, Jackson HE, Papavassiliou V, Potterveld DH, Zeidman B, Arrington J, Beise EJ, Belz E, Filippone BW, Gao H, Lorenzon W, Mueller B, McKeown RD, O'Neill TG, Epstein M, Margaziotis DJ, Napolitano J, Kinney E, Anthony PL, Dietrich FS, Gearhart RA, Patratos GG, Kuhn SE, Bulten H, Jones CE. Momentum transfer dependence of nuclear transparency from the quasielastic 12C(e,e'p) reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:1986-1989. [PMID: 10055759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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24
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Jain P, Ralston JP. Systematic analysis method for color transparency experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 48:1104-1111. [PMID: 10016344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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25
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Benhar O, Pandharipande VR. Scattering of GeV electrons by light nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 47:2218-2227. [PMID: 9968680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.47.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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26
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Greenberg WR, Miller GA. Multiple-scattering series for color transparency. Int J Clin Exp Med 1993; 47:1865-1878. [PMID: 10015769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.47.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Jennings BK, Miller GA. Realistic hadronic matrix element approach to color transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:3619-3622. [PMID: 10046870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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28
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Frankfurt L, Greenberg WR, Miller GA, Strikman M. Sum rule description of color transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 46:2547-2553. [PMID: 9968385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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30
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Abada A, Vautherin D. Periodic orbits of the Skyrmion breathing mode: Classical and quantal analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 1992; 46:3180-3187. [PMID: 10015254 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.46.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Benhar O, Fabrocini A, Fantoni S, Pandharipande VR, Sick I. Color transparency and correlation effects in quasielastic electron-nucleus scattering at high momentum transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:881-884. [PMID: 10047059 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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32
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Koike Y, Matsui T. Passage of high-energy partons through a quark-gluon plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1992; 45:3237-3251. [PMID: 10014727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Lee T, Miller GA. Color transparency and high-energy (p,2p) nuclear reactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 45:1863-1870. [PMID: 9967941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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34
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Jain P, Schechter J, Weigel H. Approach to color transparency in the soliton picture of the nucleon. Int J Clin Exp Med 1992; 45:1470-1475. [PMID: 10014519 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Blaizot JP, Venugopalan R, Prakash M. Quantum mechanical model of color transparency. Int J Clin Exp Med 1992; 45:814-820. [PMID: 10014439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Benhar O, Fabrocini A, Fantoni S, Miller GA, Pandharipande VR, Sick I. Scattering of GeV electrons by nuclear matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1991; 44:2328-2342. [PMID: 9967663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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37
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Kopeliovich BZ, Zakharov BG. Quantum effects and color transparency in charmonium photoproduction on nuclei. Int J Clin Exp Med 1991; 44:3466-3472. [PMID: 10013808 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Carlson CE, Milana J. Approach to color transparency as a means of determining hadronic distribution amplitudes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1991; 44:1377-1384. [PMID: 10014007 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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39
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Jennings BK, Miller GA. Energy dependence of color transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1991; 44:692-703. [PMID: 10013923 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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40
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Frankfurt L, Strikman M. Stopping in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions and color screening. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:2289-2292. [PMID: 10043447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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41
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42
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Farrar GR, Frankfurt LF, Strikman MI, Liu H. Color Transparency and Charmonium Photoproduction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 64:2996-2998. [PMID: 10041868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.64.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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43
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Farrar GR, Liu H, Frankfurt LL, Strikman MI. Study of bound nucleons by quasiexclusive scattering with large momentum transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 62:1095-1098. [PMID: 10039575 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ralston JP, Pire B. Fluctuating proton size and oscillating color transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:1823-1826. [PMID: 10038907 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Carroll AS, Barton DS, Bunce G, Gushue S, Makdisi YI, Heppelmann S, Courant H, Fang G, Heller KJ, Marshak ML, Shupe MA, Russell JJ. Nuclear transparency to large-angle pp elastic scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:1698-1701. [PMID: 10038873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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