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Villegas Rosales KA, Madathil PT, Chung YJ, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Baldwin KW, Shayegan M. Fractional Quantum Hall Effect Energy Gaps: Role of Electron Layer Thickness. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:056801. [PMID: 34397247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fractional quantum Hall effect stands as a quintessential manifestation of an interacting two-dimensional electron system. One of the fractional quantum Hall effect's most fundamental characteristics is the energy gap separating the incompressible ground state from its excitations. Yet, despite nearly four decades of investigations, a quantitative agreement between the theoretically calculated and experimentally measured energy gaps is lacking. Here we report a systematic experimental study that incorporates very high-quality two-dimensional electron systems confined to GaAs quantum wells with fixed density and varying well widths. The results demonstrate a clear decrease of the energy gap as the electron layer is made thicker and the short-range component of the Coulomb interaction is weakened. We also provide a quantitative comparison between the measured energy gaps and the available theoretical calculations that takes into account the role of finite layer thickness and Landau level mixing. All the measured energy gaps fall below the calculations, but as the electron layer thickness increases, the results of experiments and calculations come closer. Accounting for the role of disorder in a phenomenological manner, we find better overall agreement between the measured and calculated energy gaps, although some puzzling discrepancies remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Villegas Rosales
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - P T Madathil
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Liu Y, Graninger AL, Hasdemir S, Shayegan M, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Baldwin KW, Winkler R. Fractional quantum Hall effect at ν=1/2 in hole systems confined to GaAs quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:046804. [PMID: 24580479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.046804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We observe the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) at the even-denominator Landau level filling factor ν=1/2 in two-dimensional hole systems confined to GaAs quantum wells of width 30 to 50 nm and having bilayerlike charge distributions. The ν=1/2 FQHE is stable when the charge distribution is symmetric and only in a range of intermediate densities, qualitatively similar to what is seen in two-dimensional electron systems confined to approximately twice wider GaAs quantum wells. Despite the complexity of the hole Landau level structure, originating from the coexistence and mixing of the heavy- and light-hole states, we find the hole ν=1/2 FQHE to be consistent with a two-component, Halperin-Laughlin (Ψ331) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A L Graninger
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S Hasdemir
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Padmanabhan M, Gokmen T, Shayegan M. Ferromagnetic fractional quantum Hall states in a valley-degenerate two-dimensional electron system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:016805. [PMID: 20366382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.016805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study a two-dimensional electron system where the electrons occupy two conduction band valleys with anisotropic Fermi contours and strain-tunable occupation. We observe persistent quantum Hall states at filling factors nu=1/3 and 5/3 even at zero strain when the two valleys are degenerate. This is reminiscent of the quantum Hall ferromagnet formed at nu=1 in the same system at zero strain. In the absence of a theory for a system with anisotropic valleys, we compare the energy gaps measured at nu=1/3 and 5/3 to the available theory developed for single-valley, two-spin systems, and find that the gaps and their rates of rise with strain are much smaller than predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medini Padmanabhan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Manoharan HC, Suen YW, Santos MB, Shayegan M. Evidence for a Bilayer Quantum Wigner Solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:1813-1816. [PMID: 10063178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Huang D, Manasreh MO. Effects of the screened exchange interaction on the tunneling and Landau gaps in double quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:2044-2048. [PMID: 9986056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Price R, Zhu X, Platzman PM. Laughlin-liquid-Wigner-solid transition at high density in wide quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:2017-2020. [PMID: 9978941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lay TS, Suen YW, Manoharan HC, Ying X, Santos MB, Shayegan M. Anomalous temperature dependence of the correlated nu =1 quantum Hall effect in bilayer electron systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:17725-17728. [PMID: 9976201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.17725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Suen YW, Manoharan HC, Ying X, Santos MB, Shayegan M. Origin of the nu =1/2 fractional quantum Hall state in wide single quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:3405-3408. [PMID: 10056190 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Raikh ME, Shahbazyan TV. Magnetointersubband oscillations of conductivity in a two-dimensional electronic system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:5531-5540. [PMID: 10011508 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fritze M, Chen W, Nurmikko AV, Jo J, Santos M, Shayegan M. Interband spectroscopy of a quasi-three-dimensional electron gas in wide parabolic (Al,Ga)As quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:15103-15111. [PMID: 10008042 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Brako R, Crljen Z. Short-range potentials in two-dimensional systems with an applied magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:13568-13573. [PMID: 10005668 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Halonen V. Collapse of the fractional quantum Hall effect in a parabolic quantum well. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:10001-10004. [PMID: 10005095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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He S, Xie XC. Quantized Hall effect and quantum phase transitions in coupled two-layer electron systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:4394-4412. [PMID: 10006587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Halonen V. Fractional quantum Hall effect in a parabolic quantum well in tilted magnetic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:4003-4006. [PMID: 10006517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jo J, Garcia EA, Abkemeier KM, Santos MB, Shayegan M. Probing the subband structure of a wide electron system in a parabolic quantum well via capacitance-voltage measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:4056-4059. [PMID: 10006531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Suen YW, Santos MB, Shayegan M. Correlated states of an electron system in a wide quantum well. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:3551-3554. [PMID: 10046850 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Santos MB, Jo J, Suen YW, Engel LW, Shayegan M. Effect of Landau-level mixing on quantum-liquid and solid states of two-dimensional hole systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:13639-13642. [PMID: 10003420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ying X, Karraï K, Drew HD, Santos M, Shayegan M. Collective cyclotron resonance of an inhomogeneous electron gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:1823-1826. [PMID: 10003832 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Boebinger GS, Pfeiffer LN, West KW. Direct observation of an electronic phase transition in a double quantum well. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:11391-11394. [PMID: 10001078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fritze M, Chen W, Nurmikko AV, Jo J, Santos M, Shayegan M. Many-electron excitons and Fermi-edge singularities in wide, parabolic (Al,Ga)As quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:8408-8412. [PMID: 10000677 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.8408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Suen YW, Engel LW, Santos MB, Shayegan M, Tsui DC. Observation of a nu =1/2 fractional quantum Hall state in a double-layer electron system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:1379-1382. [PMID: 10046151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Karraï K, Ying X, Drew HD, Santos M, Shayegan M, Yang S, MacDonald AH. Magnetorotons in quasi-three-dimensional electron systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:3428-3431. [PMID: 10044731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
Structures in which electrons are confined to move in two dimensions (quantum wells) have led to new physical discoveries and technological applications. Modification of these structures to confine the electrons to one dimension (quantum wires) or release them in the third dimension, are predicted to lead to new electrical and optical properties. This article discusses techniques to make quantum wires, and quantum wells of controlled size and shape, from compound semiconductor materials, and describes some of the properties of these structures.
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Brey L. Energy spectrum of electrons in a parabolic quantum well in a strong magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:3772-3781. [PMID: 10000004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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