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Hannig S, Mielke J, Fenske JA, Misera M, Beev N, Ospelkaus C, Schmidt PO. A highly stable monolithic enhancement cavity for second harmonic generation in the ultraviolet. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:013106. [PMID: 29390701 DOI: 10.1063/1.5005515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a highly stable bow-tie power enhancement cavity for critical second harmonic generation (SHG) into the UV using a Brewster-cut β-BaB2O4 (BBO) nonlinear crystal. The cavity geometry is suitable for all UV wavelengths reachable with BBO and can be modified to accommodate anti-reflection coated crystals, extending its applicability to the entire wavelength range accessible with non-linear frequency conversion. The cavity is length-stabilized using a fast general purpose digital PI controller based on the open source STEMlab 125-14 (formerly Red Pitaya) system acting on a mirror mounted on a fast piezo actuator. We observe 130 h uninterrupted operation without decay in output power at 313 nm. The robustness of the system has been confirmed by exposing it to accelerations of up to 1 g with less than 10% in-lock output power variations. Furthermore, the cavity can withstand 30 min of acceleration exposure at a level of 3 grms without substantial change in the SHG output power, demonstrating that the design is suitable for transportable setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hannig
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Mielke
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J A Fenske
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Misera
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N Beev
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Alonso AM, Cooper BS, Deller A, Hogan SD, Cassidy DB. Controlling Positronium Annihilation with Electric Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:183401. [PMID: 26565466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.183401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that the annihilation dynamics of excited positronium (Ps) atoms can be controlled using parallel electric and magnetic fields. To achieve this, Ps atoms were optically excited to n=2 sublevels in fields that were adjusted to control the amount of short-lived and long-lived character of the resulting mixed states. Inclusion of the former offers a practical approach to detection via annihilation radiation, whereas the increased lifetimes due to the latter can be exploited to optimize resonance-enhanced two-photon excitation processes (e.g., 1^{3}S→2^{3}P→nS/nD), either by minimizing losses through intermediate state decay, or by making it possible to separate the excitation laser pulses in time. In addition, photoexcitation of mixed states with a 2^{3}S_{1} component represents an efficient route to producing long-lived pure 2^{3}S_{1} atoms via single-photon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Alonso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - B S Cooper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Deller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S D Hogan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D B Cassidy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Kallenbach R, Murphy E, Gramkow B, Rech M, Weidlich K, Leikert T, Henkelmann R, Trefzger B, Metz B, Michaelis H, Lingenauber K, DelTogno S, Behnke T, Thomas N, Piazza D, Seiferlin K. Space-qualified laser system for the BepiColombo Laser Altimeter. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:8732-8746. [PMID: 24513938 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.008732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The space-qualified design of a miniaturized laser for pulsed operation at a wavelength of 1064 nm and at repetition rates up to 10 Hz is presented. This laser consists of a pair of diode-laser pumped, actively q-switched Nd:YAG rod oscillators hermetically sealed and encapsulated in an environment of dry synthetic air. The system delivers at least 300 million laser pulses with 50 mJ energy and 5 ns pulse width (FWHM). It will be launched in 2017 aboard European Space Agency's Mercury Planetary Orbiter as part of the BepiColombo Laser Altimeter, which, after a 6-years cruise, will start recording topographic data from orbital altitudes between 400 and 1500 km above Mercury's surface.
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Abstract
Hydrogen has a central role in the story of the universe itself and also in the story of our efforts to understand it. This paper retells the story of the part played by hydrogen and its stable isotope deuterium in the primordial synthesis of the elements, then goes on to describe how the spectrum of atomic hydrogen led to insights into the laws governing matter at the most fundamental level, from the quantum mechanics of Schrödinger and Heisenberg, through quantum electrodynamics, to the most recent work investigating the underlying structure of the proton itself. Atomic hydrogen is unique among the elements in that the concept of isotopy--atoms having the same nuclear charge but different masses--is stretched to its limit in the isotopes of hydrogen, ranging from the well-known isotopes deuterium and tritium to exotic species such as muonium, muonic helium, and positronium. These atoms, or atom-like objects, have much to tell us about fundamental aspects of the universe. In recent years the idea of utilizing hydrogen either as an energy source (through nuclear fusion) or as an energy storage medium (bound in hydrides or other materials) has attracted much attention as a possible avenue to a post-oil energy future. Some of the more interesting recent developments are described here. Dedicated to the memory of Brian C. Webster (1939-2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick M Macrae
- School of Mathematics and Sciences, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222, USA.
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He GS, Tan LS, Zheng Q, Prasad PN. Multiphoton Absorbing Materials: Molecular Designs, Characterizations, and Applications. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1245-330. [PMID: 18361528 DOI: 10.1021/cr050054x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1211] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reichert J, Niering M, Holzwarth R, Weitz M, Udem T, Hansch TW. Phase coherent vacuum-ultraviolet to radio frequency comparison with a mode-locked laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:3232-3235. [PMID: 11019058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile new technique that provides a phase coherent link between optical frequencies and the radio frequency domain. The regularly spaced comb of modes of a mode-locked femtosecond laser is used as a precise ruler to measure a large frequency gap between two different multiples (harmonics or subharmonics) of a laser frequency. In this way, we have determined a new value of the hydrogen 1S-2S two-photon resonance, f(1S-2S) = 2 466 061 413 187.29(37) kHz, representing now the most accurate measurement of an optical frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reichert
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Weitz M, Huber A, Schmidt-Kaler F, Leibfried D, Vassen W, Zimmermann C, Pachucki K, Hänsch TW, Julien L, Biraben F. Precision measurement of the 1S ground-state Lamb shift in atomic hydrogen and deuterium by frequency comparison. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:2664-2681. [PMID: 9912548 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Schmidt-Kaler F, Leibfried D, Seel S, Zimmermann C, König W, Weitz M, Hänsch TW. High-resolution spectroscopy of the 1S-2S transition of atomic hydrogen and deuterium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:2789-2800. [PMID: 9911910 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Weitz M, Huber A, Schmidt-Kaler F, Leibfried D, Hänsch TW. Precision measurement of the hydrogen and deuterium 1 S ground state Lamb shift. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:328-331. [PMID: 10056403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Schmidt-Kaler F, Leibfried D, Weitz M, Hänsch TW. Precision measurement of the isotope shift of the 1S-2S transition of atomic hydrogen and deuterium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:2261-2264. [PMID: 10053516 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Andreae T, König W, Wynands R, Leibfried D, Schmidt-Kaler F, Zimmermann C, Meschede D, Hänsch TW. Absolute frequency measurement of the hydrogen 1S-2S transition and a new value of the Rydberg constant. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:1923-1926. [PMID: 10046351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Weitz M, Schmidt-Kaler F, Hänsch TW. Precise optical Lamb shift measurements in atomic hydrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:1120-1123. [PMID: 10046085 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Quantum Electrodynamical Corrections in Critical Fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0441-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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