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Lee J, Cary JR. Longitudinal cooling of non-neutral plasma by energy exchange. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:036406. [PMID: 15903587 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.036406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The optimal values of Q and Deltaomega (Deltaomega identical withomega-Omega) for cooling a pure electron plasma with a microwave bath have been calculated. An electron plasma, which has no internal degree of freedom, cannot be cooled below the temperature of a heat bath. However, longitudinal cooling can be achieved by energy transfer from the poorly cooled longitudinal degree of freedom to the well-cooled (by synchrotron radiation) transverse degree of freedom. To do this, a microwave bath is introduced to the electron plasma. A microwave tuned to a frequency below the gyrofrequency forces electrons moving towards the microwave to absorb a microwave photon. The electrons move up one in Landau state and then lose their longitudinal momenta. In this process, the longitudinal temperature of the electron plasma decreases. On the basis that the perpendicular temperature is below the Landau temperature of the plasma, we set up two level transition equations and then derive a Fokker-Planck equation from them. With the aid of a finite element method (FEM) code for the equation, the cooling times for several values of the magnetic field, the microwave cavity (Q), and the relative detuning frequency from the gyrofrequency (Deltaomega) are calculated. Thus optimal values of the microwave cavity and the detuning frequency for longitudinal cooling of a strongly magnetized electron plasma with a microwave bath have been found. By applying these optimal values with an appropriate microwave intensity, the best cooling can be obtained. For an electron plasma magnetized to 10 T, the cooling time to the solid state is approximately two hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Lee
- Center for Integrated Plasma Studies and Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309, USA.
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Yuri Y, Okamoto H. Generating ultralow-emittance ion beams in a storage ring. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:204801. [PMID: 15600931 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Laser cooling of heavy-ion beams in a storage ring is systematically studied with a multiparticle simulation code where not only exact lattice characteristics and space-charge forces but also realistic laser-ion interactions can be incorporated. The resonant coupling method is applied in order to extend the powerful longitudinal photon pressure to the transverse degrees of freedom. It is shown that, in spite of a space-charge-induced tune shift, the synchrobetatron resonance mechanism required for fast damping of transverse oscillations operates throughout the cooling process. Extremely efficient three-dimensional cooling of stored ion beams is thus feasible. It is demonstrated that, at low line density, normalized root-mean-squared emittances of the order of 10(-12) m.rad can be reached in all three directions by employing only existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yuri
- Department of Quantum Matter, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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Okamoto H, Yuri Y, Okabe K. Oscillating Coulomb chain in a storage ring. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:046501. [PMID: 12786501 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.046501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of a bunched one-dimensional crystalline beam is studied theoretically. It is shown that, owing to the existence of momentum dispersion, a Coulomb chain traveling in a storage ring performs a complex periodic oscillation whenever it is exposed to a longitudinal radio-frequency force. The equations of motion are derived to predict the oscillation pattern in an arbitrary lattice structure. The validity of the present theory is confirmed through multiparticle simulations. Various features of an oscillating string beam, such as the lattice-parameter dependence of the orbit, the stability, and critical line density, etc., are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okamoto
- Department of Quantum Matter, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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Madsen N, Bowe P, Nielsen JS, Siegfried LE, Hangst JS. Low-current, vertical blowup in a stored laser-cooled ion beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:274801. [PMID: 11800884 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.274801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel technique for real-time transverse beam profile diagnostics of a stored ion beam, we have observed the transverse size of a stored laser-cooled ion beam. Earlier we observed that the density of the beam is independent of the beam current. At very low currents, we observe an abrupt change in this behavior: The vertical beam size increases suddenly by about an order of magnitude. This observation implies a sudden change in the indirect vertical cooling mediated by intrabeam scattering. Our results have serious implications for the ultimate beam quality attainable by laser cooling.
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Primack H, Blümel R. Synchrotron radiation of crystallized beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 60:957-67. [PMID: 11969841 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/1998] [Revised: 01/19/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the modifications of synchrotron radiation of charges in a storage ring as they are cooled. The pair correlation lengths between the charges are manifest in the synchrotron radiation and coherence effects exist for wavelengths longer than the coherence lengths between the charges. Therefore, the synchrotron radiation can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the state (gas, liquid, crystal) of the charged plasma in the storage ring. We show also that the total power of the synchrotron radiation is significantly reduced for crystallized beams, both coasting and bunched. This opens the possibility of accelerating particles to ultrarelativistic energies using small-sized cyclic accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Primack
- Fakultät für Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Schweigert IV, Schweigert VA, Peeters FM. Properties of two-dimensional Coulomb clusters confined in a ring. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:10827-10834. [PMID: 9984879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.10827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Miesner H, Grimm R, Grieser M, Habs D, Schwalm D, Wanner B, Wolf A. Efficient, Indirect Transverse Laser Cooling of a Fast Stored Ion Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:623-626. [PMID: 10062861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bessonov EG, Kim K. Radiative cooling of ion beams in storage rings by broad-band lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:431-434. [PMID: 10061455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Hangst JS, Nielsen JS, Poulsen O, Shi P, Schiffer JP. Laser cooling of a bunched beam in a synchrotron storage ring. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:4432-4435. [PMID: 10058505 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Hangst JS, Labrador A, Lebedev V, Madsen N, Nielsen JS, Poulsen O, Shi P, Schiffer JP. Anomalous Schottky signals from a laser-cooled ion beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:86-89. [PMID: 10057705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Wei J, Li XP, Sessler AM. Low-energy states of circulating stored ion beams: Crystalline beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:3089-3092. [PMID: 10057285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Okamoto H. Transverse laser cooling induced through dispersion at an rf cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:4982-4996. [PMID: 9962582 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Beebe-Wang J, Elander N, Schuch R. Simulation of the formation and detection of one-dimensional ordered ion beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:4073-4086. [PMID: 9962464 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Okamoto H, Sessler AM, Möhl D. Three-dimensional laser cooling of stored and circulating ion beams by means of a coupling cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:3977-3980. [PMID: 10056348 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Petrich W, Grieser M, Grimm R, Gruber A, Habs D, Miesner H, Schwalm D, Wanner B, Wernoe H, Wolf A, Grieser R, Huber G, Klein R, Kühl T, Neumann R, Schröder S. Laser cooling of stored high-velocity ions by means of the spontaneous force. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:2127-2144. [PMID: 9909834 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Schiffer JP. Recoil-free absorption and scattering of light from confined crystalline ionic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 47:5193-5195. [PMID: 9909553 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.47.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Schiffer JP. Phase transitions in anisotropically confined ionic crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:818-821. [PMID: 10054211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Kristensen M, Hangst JS, Jessen PS, Nielsen JS, Poulsen O, Shi P. Laser-rf double-resonance spectroscopy in a storage ring. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 46:4100-4109. [PMID: 9908608 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Birkl G, Kassner S, Walther H. Multiple-shell structures of laser-cooled 24Mg+ ions in a quadrupole storage ring. Nature 1992. [DOI: 10.1038/357310a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Waki I, Kassner S, Birkl G, Walther H. Observation of ordered structures of laser-cooled ions in a quadrupole storage ring. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:2007-2010. [PMID: 10045280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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