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Jiménez-Arévalo N, Filoscia F, Marchiani D, Frisenda R, Betti MG, Rago I, Pandolfi F, Cavoto G, Mariani C. Potassium doping of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214707. [PMID: 38832746 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkali metal doping of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is of great interest, both fundamentally to explore the effect of dopants on quasi-one-dimensional electrical systems and for energy applications such as alkali metal storage. We present an investigation with complementary photoemission and Raman spectroscopies, fully carried out in an ultra-high vacuum, to unveil the electronic and vibrational response of a forest of highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes by in situ potassium doping. The charge donation by the alkali adatoms induces a plasmon mode, and the density of states undergoes an energy shift consistent with electron donation and band filling of the multi-walled carbon nanotube band structure. The π-states in the valence band and the Raman peaks unveil an evolution that can be ascribed to charge donation and partially to a tensile strain exerted by the K adatoms on the carbon lattice. All these effects are thermally reversible, fostering these materials as a potential system for electronic charge harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Filoscia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Marchiani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Betti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rago
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pandolfi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cavoto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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2
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Marchiani D, Tonelli A, Mariani C, Frisenda R, Avila J, Dudin P, Jeong S, Ito Y, Magnani FS, Biagi R, De Renzi V, Betti MG. Tuning the Electronic Response of Metallic Graphene by Potassium Doping. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:170-176. [PMID: 36562744 PMCID: PMC9838101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electron doping of graphene has been extensively studied on graphene-supported surfaces, where the metallicity is influenced by the substrate. Herewith we propose potassium adsorption on free-standing nanoporous graphene, thus eluding any effect due to the substrate. We monitor the electron migration in the π* downward-shifted conduction band. In this rigid band shift, we correlate the spectral density of the π* state in the upper Dirac cone with the associated plasmon, blue-shifted with increasing K dose, as deduced by electron energy loss spectroscopy. These results are confirmed by the Dirac plasmon activated by the C 1s emitted electrons, thanks to spatially resolved photoemission. This crosscheck constitutes a reference on the correlation between the electronic π* states in the conduction band and the Dirac plasmon evolution upon in situ electron doping of fully free-standing graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Marchiani
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tonelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Mariani
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - José Avila
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Pavel Dudin
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Samuel Jeong
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba305-8573, Japan
| | - Francesco Saverio Magnani
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Biagi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125Modena, Italy
- S3,
Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Campi 213/A, 41125Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina De Renzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125Modena, Italy
- S3,
Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Campi 213/A, 41125Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Betti
- Physics
Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
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3
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Zhour K, Otero-Mato JM, Hassan FEH, Fahs H, Vaezzadeh M, López-Lago E, Gallego LJ, Varela LM. Tuning the hybrid borophene−/graphene-ionic liquid interface: Effect of metal cations on the electronic and photonic properties. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Tang Y, Chia CI, Crespi VH. Dual-Sided Adsorption: Devil's Staircase of Coverage Fractions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:056101. [PMID: 29481191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.056101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By adsorbing the same species onto both sides of a suspended, atomically thin membrane, it is possible to couple two distinct surface adsorption systems. This new system, with reflection symmetry about the membrane, is described by a phase diagram with two axes, both representing the chemical potential of the same element, but in distinct half-spaces. For the case of potassium adsorption onto a graphene membrane, the result is a devil's staircase of fractions for the proportion of adsorbates adhered to one side. Fractions with simpler denominators are favored across wider regions of chemical potential, a pattern reminiscent of other fractional systems across a wide range of physics. Since the system can support multiple devil's staircases each at a distinct overall adsorbate areal density, points along the boundary between adjacent staircases can come arbitrarily close to violating the Gibbs phase rule. This dual-sided adsorbate geometry provides a means to explore surface science for pairs of weakly coupled surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjian Tang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - Cheng-Ing Chia
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
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5
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Liao JH, Zhao YJ, Tang JJ, Yang XB, Xu H. High-coverage stable structures of 3d transition metal intercalated bilayer graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14244-51. [PMID: 27167998 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkali-metal intercalated graphite and graphene have been intensively studied for decades, where alkali-metal atoms are found to form ordered structures at the hollow sites of hexagonal carbon rings. Using first-principles calculations, we have predicted various stable structures of high-coverage 3d transition metal (TM) intercalated bilayer graphene (BLG) stabilized by the strain. Specifically, with reference to the bulk metal, Sc and Ti can form stable TM-intercalated BLG without strain, while the stabilization of Fe, Co, and Ni intercalated BLG requires the biaxial strain of over 7%. Under the biaxial strain ranging from 0% to 10%, there are four ordered sandwich structures for Sc with the coverage of 0.25, 0.571, 0.684, and 0.75, in which the Sc atoms are all distributed homogenously instead of locating at the hollow sites. According to the phase diagram, a homogenous configuration of C8Ti3C8 with the coverage of 0.75 and another inhomogeneous structure with the coverage of 0.692 were found. The electronic and magnetic properties as a function of strain were also analyzed to indicate that the strain was important for the stabilities of the high-coverage TM-intercalated BLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hai Liao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
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7
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Yin F, Kulju S, Koskinen P, Akola J, Palmer RE. Simple metal under tensile stress: layer-dependent herringbone reconstruction of thin potassium films on graphite. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10165. [PMID: 25959681 PMCID: PMC4426671 DOI: 10.1038/srep10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While understanding the properties of materials under stress is fundamentally important, designing experiments to probe the effects of large tensile stress is difficult. Here tensile stress is created in thin films of potassium (up to 4 atomic layers) by epitaxial growth on a rigid support, graphite. We find that this "simple" metal shows a long-range, periodic "herringbone" reconstruction, observed in 2- and 3- (but not 1- and 4-) layer films by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Such a pattern has never been observed in a simple metal. Density functional theory (DFT)simulations indicate that the reconstruction consists of self-aligned stripes of enhanced atom density formed to relieve the tensile strain. At the same time marked layer-dependent charging effects lead to substantial variation in the apparent STM layer heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, PR China
| | - Sampo Kulju
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Pekka Koskinen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Jaakko Akola
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Richard E. Palmer
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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8
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Yin F, Koskinen P, Kulju S, Akola J, Palmer RE. Real-space Wigner-Seitz cells imaging of potassium on graphite via elastic atomic manipulation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8276. [PMID: 25651973 PMCID: PMC4317683 DOI: 10.1038/srep08276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic manipulation in the scanning tunnelling microscopy, conventionally a tool to build nanostructures one atom at a time, is here employed to enable the atomic-scale imaging of a model low-dimensional system. Specifically, we use low-temperature STM to investigate an ultra thin film (4 atomic layers) of potassium created by epitaxial growth on a graphite substrate. The STM images display an unexpected honeycomb feature, which corresponds to a real-space visualization of the Wigner-Seitz cells of the close-packed surface K atoms. Density functional simulations indicate that this behaviour arises from the elastic, tip-induced vertical manipulation of potassium atoms during imaging, i.e. elastic atomic manipulation, and reflects the ultrasoft properties of the surface under strain. The method may be generally applicable to other soft e.g. molecular or biomolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- 1] Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK [2] School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Pekka Koskinen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Sampo Kulju
- 1] Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland [2] COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jaakko Akola
- 1] Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland [2] COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Richard E Palmer
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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9
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Yan J, Fuhrer MS. Correlated charged impurity scattering in graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:206601. [PMID: 22181752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.206601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study electron transport properties of graphene in the presence of correlated charged impurities via adsorption and thermal annealing of potassium atoms. For the same density of charged scattering centers, the sample mobility sensitively depends on temperature which sets the correlation length between the scatterers. The data are well-understood by a recent theory that allows us to quantitatively extract the temperature dependence of the correlation length. Impurity correlations also offer a self-consistent explanation to the puzzling sublinear carrier-density dependence of conductivity commonly observed in monolayer graphene samples on substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA
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10
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Renard J, Lundeberg MB, Folk JA, Pennec Y. Real-time imaging of K atoms on graphite: interactions and diffusion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:156101. [PMID: 21568578 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.156101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at liquid helium temperature is used to image potassium adsorbed on graphite at low coverage (≈0.02 monolayer). Single atoms appear as protrusions on STM topographs. A statistical analysis of the position of the atoms demonstrates repulsion between adsorbates, which is quantified by comparison with molecular dynamics simulations. This gives access to the dipole moment of a single adsorbate, found to be 10.5±1 D. Time-lapse imaging shows that long-range order is broken by thermally activated diffusion, with a 30 meV barrier to hopping between graphite lattice sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Renard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada.
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11
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Yin F, Akola J, Koskinen P, Manninen M, Palmer RE. Bright beaches of nanoscale potassium islands on graphite in STM imaging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:106102. [PMID: 19392129 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements performed at 48 K, the existence of "bright beaches" at the edges of K islands (diameter approximately 5-500 nm) on the graphite surface. The enhanced tunneling current is only observed in monolayer-high islands on graphite, and not in islands of similar geometry on top of a K monolayer film. First-principles density functional calculations and STM simulations suggest that this is an STM field effect, which appears as the positive tip attracts donated electrons back to the metallic K islands. The restored charge accumulates preferentially at the island edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yin
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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12
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Valencia F, Romero AH, Ancilotto F, Silvestrelli PL. Lithium Adsorption on Graphite from Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:14832-41. [PMID: 16869593 DOI: 10.1021/jp062126+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structural, energetic, and electronic properties of the Li/graphite system are studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations using both the local spin density approximation (LSDA), and the gradient-corrected Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) approximation to the exchange-correlation energy. The calculations were performed using plane waves basis, and the electron-core interactions are described using pseudopotentials. We consider a disperse phase of the adsorbate comprising one Li atom for each 16 graphite surface cells, in a slab geometry. The close contact between the Li nucleus and the graphene plane results in a relatively large binding energy (larger than 1.1 eV). A detailed analysis of the electronic charge distribution, density difference distribution, and band structures indicates that one valence electron is entirely transferred from the atom to the surface, which gives rise to a strong interaction between the resulting lithium ion and the cloud of pi electrons in the substrate. We show that it is possible to explain the differences in the binding of Li, Na, and K adatoms on graphite considering the properties of the corresponding cation/aromatic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Valencia
- Dipartimento di Fisica Galileo Galilei, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo, 8-35131 Padova, Italy.
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13
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Martínez JI, López MJ, Alonso JA. Theoretical study of the reactivity of cesium with benzene and graphitic CxHy clusters. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:074303. [PMID: 16229566 DOI: 10.1063/1.1999635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of a Cs atom on planar (C6H6 and C24H12) and nonplanar (C20H10 and C21H9) carbon clusters has been studied using the density-functional theory, with the local-density approximation and atomic pseudopotentials. Binding energies as a function of separation have been calculated for several configurations of the Cs atom on the different substrates. The adsorption on sites above the center of carbon rings is more stable than adsorption on top of carbon atoms and C-C bonds. In the case of the curved clusters, adsorption on the concave side is preferred compared to the convex side. The Cs bonding is stronger on the nonplanar clusters. The strength of the binding energy depends on two effects: the magnitude of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of the substrate, and the energy of the valence state of Cs relative to the LUMO of the substrate. Due to a favorable relative position of those two energy levels, charge transfer occurs from Cs to the two nonplanar clusters, and this provides an ionic contribution to the bonding. The analysis of the electronic density redistribution and of the local Fukui functions helps in the interpretation of the charge transfer and the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Martínez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Optica, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47001 Valladolid, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
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14
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Dugourd P, Antoine R, Rayane D, Compagnon I, Broyer M. Enhanced electric polarizability in metal C60 compounds: Formation of a sodium droplet on C60. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1344885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Lou L, Österlund L, Hellsing B. Electronic structure and kinetics of K on graphite. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Lonfat M, Marsen B, Sattler K. The energy gap of carbon clusters studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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Puglia C, Brühwiler PA, Hasselström J, Bennich P, Nilsson A, Mårtensson N. New final state in the autoionization decay detected for N2/(2×2)K/graphite: Relevance for the affinity level of NO on a K monolayer. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Holmlid L, Wang J. Electric field control of the rapid diffusion of K atoms into a graphite surface. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Hellsing B, Chakarov DV, Österlund L, Zhdanov VP, Kasemo B. Photoinduced desorption of potassium atoms from a two dimensional overlayer on graphite. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Laitenberger P, Palmer RE. Plasmon dispersion and damping at the surface of a semimetal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:1952-1955. [PMID: 10060562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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21
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Rubio A, Miyamoto Y, Blase X, Cohen ML, Louie SG. Theoretical study of one-dimensional chains of metal atoms in nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:4023-4026. [PMID: 9983957 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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22
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Leatherman GS, Diehl RD. Phase diagrams and rotated incommensurate phases of K, Rb, and Cs adsorbed on Ag(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:4939-4946. [PMID: 9984056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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23
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Miyamoto Y, Rubio A, Blase X, Cohen ML, Louie SG. Ionic cohesion and electron doping of thin carbon tubules with alkali atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:2993-2996. [PMID: 10058076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Watson GM, Brühwiler PA, Sagner HJ, Frank KH, Plummer EW. Observation of a discontinous nonmetal-to-metal disorder-to-order transition in an alkali overlayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:17678-17681. [PMID: 9976189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.17678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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25
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Nagashima A, Itoh H, Ichinokawa T, Oshima C, Otani S. Change in the electronic states of graphite overlayers depending on thickness. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:4756-4763. [PMID: 9976785 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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26
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Welsh GS, Annett JF. Conjugate-gradient calculations of adatom interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:13921-13928. [PMID: 10010341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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27
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Benedek R, Smith AP, Yang LH. Charge transfer in Rb-intercalated graphites. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:7786-7789. [PMID: 10009532 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Two-dimensional Phase Transitions in Alkali-Metal Adlayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-81924-6.50010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
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Hock KM, Barnard JC, Palmer RE, Ishida H. Competing routes for charge transfer in co-adsorption of K and O2 on graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:641-644. [PMID: 10055327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Naumovets AG, Paliy MV, Vedula YS. Spreading of a rarefied phase and nonmonotonic concentration profiles in surface diffusion of lithium on the (112) plane of molybdenum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:105-108. [PMID: 10054384 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ancilotto F, Toigo F. First-principles study of potassium adsorption on graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:13713-13721. [PMID: 10005688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rudolf P, Astaldi C, Bianco A, Modesti S. Ca chemisorption on Cu(100) in the submonolayer regime: Metastable and stable adsorption phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:4123-4126. [PMID: 10006548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ishida H, Palmer RE. Electronic structure and phase transitions of submonolayer potassium on graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:15484-15489. [PMID: 10003671 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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