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Billard J, Boulay M, Cebrián S, Covi L, Fiorillo G, Green A, Kopp J, Majorovits B, Palladino K, Petricca F, Roszkowski Chair L, Schumann M. Direct detection of dark matter-APPEC committee report. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:056201. [PMID: 35193133 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This report provides an extensive review of the experimental programme of direct detection searches of particle dark matter. It focuses mostly on European efforts, both current and planned, but does it within a broader context of a worldwide activity in the field. It aims at identifying the virtues, opportunities and challenges associated with the different experimental approaches and search techniques. It presents scientific and technological synergies, both existing and emerging, with some other areas of particle physics, notably collider and neutrino programmes, and beyond. It addresses the issue of infrastructure in light of the growing needs and challenges of the different experimental searches. Finally, the report makes a number of recommendations from the perspective of a long-term future of the field. They are introduced, along with some justification, in the opening overview and recommendations section and are next summarised at the end of the report. Overall, we recommend that the direct search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector target should be given top priority in astroparticle physics, and in all particle physics, and beyond, as a positive measurement will provide the most unambiguous confirmation of the particle nature of dark matter in the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Billard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I-Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mark Boulay
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susana Cebrián
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Covi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Giuliana Fiorillo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi 'Federico II' di Napoli and INFN Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Green
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Kopp
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland and Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kimberly Palladino
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leszek Roszkowski Chair
- Astrocent, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS, Warsaw, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marc Schumann
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Inorganic crystal scintillators play a crucial role in particle detection for various applications in fundamental physics and applied science. The use of such materials as scintillating bolometers, which operate at temperatures as low as 10 mK and detect both heat (phonon) and scintillation signals, significantly extends detectors performance compared to the conventional scintillation counters. In particular, such low-temperature devices offer a high energy resolution in a wide energy interval thanks to a phonon signal detection, while a simultaneous registration of scintillation emitted provides an efficient particle identification tool. This feature is of great importance for a background identification and rejection. Combined with a large variety of elements of interest, which can be embedded in crystal scintillators, scintillating bolometers represent powerful particle detectors for rare-event searches (e.g., rare alpha and beta decays, double-beta decay, dark matter particles, neutrino detection). Here, we review the features and results of low-temperature scintillation detection achieved over a 30-year history of developments of scintillating bolometers and their use in rare-event search experiments.
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Akerib DS, Attisha MJ, Bailey CN, Baudis L, Bauer DA, Brink PL, Brusov PP, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Chang CL, Cooley J, Crisler MB, Cushman P, Daal M, Dixon R, Dragowsky MR, Driscoll DD, Duong L, Ferril R, Filippini J, Gaitskell RJ, Golwala SR, Grant DR, Hennings-Yeomans R, Holmgren D, Huber ME, Kamat S, Leclercq S, Lu A, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Meunier P, Mirabolfathi N, Nelson H, Nelson R, Ogburn RW, Perera TA, Pyle M, Ramberg E, Rau W, Reisetter A, Ross RR, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Savage C, Schnee RW, Seitz DN, Serfass B, Sundqvist KM, Thompson JPF, Wang G, Yellin S, Yoo J, Young BA. Limits on spin-independent interactions of weakly interacting massive particles with nucleons from the two-tower run of the cryogenic dark matter search. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:011302. [PMID: 16486434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.011302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report new results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Two towers, each consisting of six detectors, were operated for 74.5 live days, giving spectrum-weighted exposures of 34 (12) kg d for the Ge (Si) targets after cuts, averaged over recoil energies 10-100 keV for a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) mass of 60 GeV/c2. A blind analysis was conducted, incorporating improved techniques for rejecting surface events. No WIMP signal exceeding expected backgrounds was observed. When combined with our previous results from Soudan, the 90% C.L. upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section is 1.6 x 10(-43) cm2 from Ge and 3 x 10(-42) cm2 from Si, for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2. The combined limit from Ge (Si) is a factor of 2.5 (10) lower than our previous results and constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Akerib
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Nazaretski E, Merithew RD, Kostroun VO, Zehnder AT, Pohl RO, Parpia JM. Effect of low-level radiation on the low temperature acoustic behavior of a-SiO2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:245502. [PMID: 15245094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.245502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the mechanical behavior of an a-SiO2 84 kHz torsional oscillator operated between 100> or =T> or =1.0 mK. Below 10 mK we observed well-differentiated transient responses which we attribute to the interaction with low-level background radiation (gamma quanta and cosmic ray micro) and which can be modeled in terms of a change in the spring constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nazaretski
- Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Abusaidi R, Akerib DS, Barnes PD, Bauer DA, Bolozdynya A, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Castle JP, Clarke RM, Colling P, Crisler MB, Cummings A, Da Silva A, Davies AK, Dixon R, Dougherty BL, Driscoll D, Eichblatt S, Emes J, Gaitskell RJ, Golwala SR, Hale D, Haller EE, Hellmig J, Huber ME, Irwin KD, Jochum J, Lipschultz FP, Lu A, Mandic V, Martinis JM, Nam SW, Nelson H, Neuhauser B, Penn MJ, Perera TA, Perillo Isaac MC, Pritychenko B, Ross RR, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Schnee RW, Seitz DN, Shestople P, Shutt T, Smith A, Smith GW, Sonnenschein AH, Spadafora AL, Stockwell W, Taylor JD, White S, Yellin S, Young BA. Exclusion limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross section from the cryogenic dark matter search. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:5699-5703. [PMID: 10991035 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2000] [Revised: 04/12/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) employs Ge and Si detectors to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their elastic-scattering interactions with nuclei while discriminating against interactions of background particles. CDMS data, accounting for the neutron background, give limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic-scattering cross section that exclude unexplored parameter space above 10 GeV/c2 WIMP mass and, at >75% C.L., the entire 3sigma allowed region for the WIMP signal reported by the DAMA experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abusaidi
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Martoff CJ, Garzarella A, Getaneh M, Kaczanowicz E, Neuhauser B, Snowden-Ifft D, Wang XX, Zhang Y. Prototype Direction-Sensitive Solid-State Detector for Dark Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:4882-4885. [PMID: 10061404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Gabutti A. Energy transport via quasiparticle and phonon diffusion in superheated superconducting granule detectors after nuclear recoils. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:8374-8384. [PMID: 9977447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.8374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Buckland KN, Lehner MJ, Masek GE, Mojaver M. Low pressure gaseous detector for particle dark matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:1067-1070. [PMID: 10057616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ressell MT, Aufderheide MB, Bloom SD, Griest K, Mathews GJ, Resler DA. Nuclear shell model calculations of neutralino-nucleus cross sections for 29Si and 73Ge. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 48:5519-5535. [PMID: 10016218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Drees M, Nojiri MM. Neutralino-nucleon scattering reexamined. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 48:3483-3501. [PMID: 10016619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Shutt T, Wang N, Ellman B, Giraud-Héraud Y, Stubbs C, Barnes PD, Cummings A, Emes J, Haller EE, Lange AE, Rich J, Ross RR, Sadoulet B, Smith G, Stockwell W, White S, Young BA, Yvon D. Simultaneous high resolution meausurement of phonons and ionization created by particle interactions in a 60 g germanium crystal at 25 mK. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:3531-3534. [PMID: 10046845 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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