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Kisała J, Kociubiński A, Jartych E. Influence of the NiFe/Cu/NiFe Structure Dimensions and Position in External Magnetic Field on Resistance Changes under the Magnetoresistance Effect. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4810. [PMID: 37445124 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The subject of this work is NiFe/Cu/NiFe thin-film structures made by magnetron sputtering and showing the phenomenon of magnetoresistance. Three series of samples differing in spatial dimensions and thickness of the Cu spacer were produced. During the sputtering process, an external magnetic field of approx. 10 mT was applied to the substrate. Measurements of the resistance of the structures were carried out in the field of neodymium magnets in three different positions of the sample in relation to the direction of the field. The measurements allowed us to indicate in which position the structures of different series achieved the greatest changes in resistance. For each of the three series of layer systems, the nature of changes in the determined coefficient of giant magnetoresistance ΔR/R remained similar, while for the series with the smallest copper thickness (2.5 nm), the coefficient reached the highest value of about 2.7‱. In addition, impedance measurements were made for the structures of each series in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. For series with a thinner copper layer, a decrease in impedance values was observed in the 10-100 kHz range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kisała
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kociubiński
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jartych
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Chen YT, Takahashi S, Nakayama H, Althammer M, Goennenwein STB, Saitoh E, Bauer GEW. Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and related phenomena. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:103004. [PMID: 26881498 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/10/103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We review the so-called spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in bilayers of a magnetic insulator and a metal, in which spin currents are generated in the normal metal by the spin Hall effect. The associated angular momentum transfer to the ferromagnetic layer and thereby the electrical resistance is modulated by the angle between the applied current and the magnetization direction. The SMR provides a convenient tool to non-invasively measure the magnetization direction and spin-transfer torque to an insulator. We introduce the minimal theoretical instruments to calculate the SMR, i.e. spin diffusion theory and quantum mechanical boundary conditions. This leads to a small set of parameters that can be fitted to experiments. We discuss the limitations of the theory as well as alternative mechanisms such as the ferromagnetic proximity effect and Rashba spin-orbit torques, and point out new developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Chen
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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Zhang S, Levy PM. Influence of Superlattice Potentials on Transport in magnetic multilayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-313-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe discuss the effect of the superlattice potential on the magnetotransport properties of magnetic multilayers for current parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the layers. While quantum well states affect the Magnetotransport, they are not the primary origin of the giant Magnetoresistance observed in these materials for currents in the plane of the layers. In general, it is necessary to include both spin-dependent scattering and the effects of superlattice potentials in order to explain the magnetoresistance of multilayered structures.
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Peng Y, Cullis T, Luxmoore I, Inkson B. Electrical properties of individual CoPt/Pt multilayer nanowires characterized by in situ SEM nanomanipulators. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:245709. [PMID: 21543831 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/24/245709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we report for the first time accurate and comprehensive measurements of electrical properties of individual CoPt/Pt multilayer nanowires both with periodic and non-periodic layer structures. A remarkably high failure current density of 1.69 × 10(12) A m(-2) for the periodic MNW and a similar 1.76 × 10(12) A m(-2) for the non-homogeneous MNW has been measured. The resistance of both types of multilayer nanowire structures are well fitted by a series resistance model, determining the separate resistance contribution of the component layers and magnetic/nonmagnetic interfaces for a single multilayer nanowire. The field-dependent interface resistance of both samples is calculated, 13.2 Ω for periodic layer structures and 4.84 Ω for non-periodic layer structures. The clear physical picture of the resistance distribution within individual multilayer nanowires is then determined. The accurate electrical testing of magnetic multilayer nanowires provides basic and necessary electrical parameters for their usage as building blocks or interconnects in nanoelectronics and nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Attenborough K, Hart R, Schwarzacher W, Ansermet JPH, Blondel A, Doudin B, Meier J. Superlattice Nanowires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCoNiCu/Cu superlattice nanowires have been grown by electrodeposition in nuclear tracketched nanoporous membranes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show a good layer structure and allow an estimate of the current efficiency. Current perpendicular to plane (CPP) giant magnetoresistance of up to 22%, at ambient temperature, has been measured but appears to be limited by defects, giving rise to ferromagnetic interlayer coupling, at low nonmagnetic layer thicknesses. Magnetic properties of the superlattice nanowires are influenced by in-plane anisotropy and magnetostatic coupling.
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Morrow P, Tang XT, Parker TC, Shima M, Wang GC. Magnetoresistance of oblique angle deposited multilayered Co/Cu nanocolumns measured by a scanning tunnelling microscope. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:065712. [PMID: 21730718 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/6/065712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the first magnetoresistance measurements on multilayered vertical Co(∼6 nm)/Cu(∼6 nm) and slanted Co(x nm)/Cu(x nm) (with x≈6, 11, and 16 nm) nanocolumns grown by oblique angle vapour deposition. The measurements are performed at room temperature on the as-deposited nanocolumn samples using a scanning tunnelling microscope to establish electronic contact with a small number of nanocolumns while an electromagnet generates a time varying (0.1 Hz) magnetic field in the plane of the substrate. The samples show a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) response ranging from 0.2 to 2%, with the higher GMR values observed for the thinner layers. For the slanted nanocolumns, we observed anisotropy in the GMR with respect to the relative orientation (parallel or perpendicular) between the incident vapour flux and the magnetic field applied in the substrate plane. We explain the anisotropy by noting that the column axis is the magnetic easy axis, so the magnetization reversal occurs more easily when the magnetic field is applied along the incident flux direction (i.e., nearly along the column axis) than when the field is applied perpendicular to the incident flux direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Morrow
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
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Chappert C, Fert A, Van Dau FN. The emergence of spin electronics in data storage. NATURE MATERIALS 2007; 6:813-23. [PMID: 17972936 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently these were considered separately. In classical electronics, charges are moved by electric fields to transmit information and are stored in a capacitor to save it. In magnetic recording, magnetic fields have been used to read or write the information stored on the magnetization, which 'measures' the local orientation of spins in ferromagnets. The picture started to change in 1988, when the discovery of giant magnetoresistance opened the way to efficient control of charge transport through magnetization. The recent expansion of hard-disk recording owes much to this development. We are starting to see a new paradigm where magnetization dynamics and charge currents act on each other in nanostructured artificial materials. Ultimately, 'spin currents' could even replace charge currents for the transfer and treatment of information, allowing faster, low-energy operations: spin electronics is on its way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Chappert
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, CNRS, UMR8622, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Hurst SJ, Payne EK, Qin L, Mirkin CA. Vielsegmentige Nanostäbe: Templatsynthese und Eigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200504025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hurst SJ, Payne EK, Qin L, Mirkin CA. Multisegmented One-Dimensional Nanorods Prepared by Hard-Template Synthetic Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2672-92. [PMID: 16570332 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the science and engineering communities, the nanoscience revolution is intensifying. As many types of nanomaterials are becoming more reliably synthesized, they are being used for novel applications in all branches of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Since it is sometimes desirable for single nanomaterials to perform multiple functions simultaneously, multicomponent nanomaterials, such as core-shell, alloyed, and striped nanoparticles, are being more extensively researched. Nanoscientists hope to design multicomponent nanostructures and exploit their inherent multiple functionalities for use in many novel applications. This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of multisegmented one-dimensional nanorods and nanowires with metal, semiconductor, polymer, molecular, and even gapped components. It also discusses the applications of these multicomponent nanomaterials in magnetism, self-assembly, electronics, biology, catalysis, and optics. Particular emphasis is placed on the new materials and devices achievable using these multicomponent, rather than single-component, nanowire structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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Nagasaka K, Seyama Y, Shimizu Y, Tanaka A. Giant Magnetoresistance Properties of Spin Valve Films in Current-perpendicular-to-plane Geometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.3379/jmsjmag.25.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kimura
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; e-mail:
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology, Tsukuba 305-0046 Japan
| | - Y. Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; e-mail:
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology, Tsukuba 305-0046 Japan
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Zhang S. Spin hall effect in the presence of spin diffusion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:393-396. [PMID: 10991291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hirsch [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1834 (1999)] recently proposed a spin Hall effect based on the anomalous scattering mechanism in the absence of spin-flip scattering. Since the anomalous scattering causes both anomalous currents and a finite spin-diffusion length, we derive the spin Hall effect in the presence of spin diffusion from a semiclassical Boltzmann equation. When the formulation is applied to certain metals and semiconductors, the magnitude of the spin Hall voltage due to the spin accumulation is found to be much larger than that of magnetic multilayers. An experiment is proposed to measure this spin Hall effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Yakushiji K, Mitani S, Takahashi N, Takanashi K, Fujimori H. Tunneling Magntoresistance of Co-Al-O Granular Wires Produced by Focused Ion Beam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.3379/jmsjmag.24.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Barthélémy A, Fert A, Petroff F. Chapter 1 Giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(99)12005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kimura T, Tomioka Y, Kuwahara H, Asamitsu A, Tamura M, Tokura Y. Interplane Tunneling Magnetoresistance in a Layered Manganite Crystal. Science 1996; 274:1698-701. [PMID: 8939857 DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5293.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance (CPP-MR) has been investigated for the layered manganite, La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (x = 0.3), which is composed of the ferromagnetic-metallic MnO2 bilayers separated by nonmagnetic insulating block layers. The CPP-MR is extremely large (10(4) percent at 50 kilo-oersted) at temperatures near above the three-dimensional ordering temperature (Tc approximately 90 kelvin) because of the field-induced coherent motion between planes of the spin-polarized electrons. Below Tc, the interplane magnetic domain boundary on the insulating block layer serves as the charge-transport barrier, but it can be removed by a low saturation field, which gives rise to the low-field tunneling MR as large as 240 percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kimura
- T. Kimura, Y. Tomioka, H. Kuwahara, A. Asamitsu, M. Tamura, Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT), Tsukuba, 305, Japan. Y. Tokura, JRCAT, Tsukuba, 305, Japan, and Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan
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Henry LL, Yang Q, Chiang W, Holody P, Loloee R, Pratt WP, Bass J. Perpendicular interface resistances of sputtered Ag/Cu, Ag/Au, and Au/Cu multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:12336-12341. [PMID: 9985097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Asano Y, Bauer GE. Conductance fluctuations near the ballistic-transport regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:11602-11611. [PMID: 9984949 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.11602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Dauguet P, Gandit P, Chaussy J, Lee SF, Fert A, Holody P. Angular dependence of the perpendicular giant magnetoresistance of multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:1083-1087. [PMID: 9985376 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Oepts W, Gijs MA, Reinders A, Jungblut RM. Perpendicular giant magnetoresistance of Co/Cu multilayers on grooved substrates: Systematic analysis of the temperature dependence of spin-dependent scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:14024-14027. [PMID: 9983189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Korenivski V, Rao KV, Colino J, Schuller IK. Extraordinary Hall effect in giant magnetoresistive Fe/Cr multilayers: The role of interface scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:R11938-R11941. [PMID: 9982892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.r11938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gu RY, Sheng L, Xing DY, Wang ZD, Dong JM. Macroscopic theory of giant magnetoresistance in magnetic granular metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:11685-11691. [PMID: 9982793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.11685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lee S, Yang Q, Holody P, Loloee R, Hetherington JH, Mahmood S, Ikegami B, Vigen K, Henry LL, Schroeder PA, Pratt WP, Bass J. Current-perpendicular and current-parallel giant magnetoresistances in Co/Ag multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:15426-15441. [PMID: 9980901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Levy PM, Zhang S, Ono T, Shinjo T. Electrical transport in corrugated multilayered structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:16049-16054. [PMID: 9980987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zahn P, Mertig I, Richter M, Eschrig H. Ab initio calculations of the giant magnetoresistance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:2996-2999. [PMID: 10059462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Dugaev VK, Litvinov VI, Petrov PP. Electric-current transmission through the contact of two metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:5306-5312. [PMID: 9981719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Yu C, Li S, Lai W, Yan M, Wang Y, Wang Z. Giant magnetoresistance in Fe/Ag multilayers and its anomalous temperature dependence. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:1123-1132. [PMID: 9980690 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Monsma DJ, Lodder JC, Popma TJ, Dieny B. Perpendicular hot electron spin-valve effect in a new magnetic field sensor: The spin-valve transistor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:5260-5263. [PMID: 10058723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bauer GE. Impurity necklaces in the two-dimensional electron gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:16984-16992. [PMID: 9978710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.16984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Liu K, Nagodawithana K, Searson PC, Chien CL. Perpendicular giant magnetoresistance of multilayered Co/Cu nanowires. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:7381-7384. [PMID: 9977318 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.7381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zhang S. Extraordinary Hall effect in magnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:3632-3636. [PMID: 9979176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schep KM, Kelly PJ, Bauer GE. Giant Magnetoresistance without Defect Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:586-589. [PMID: 10058795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Camblong HE. Linear transport theory of magnetoconductance in metallic multilayers: A real-space approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:1855-1865. [PMID: 9978909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Itoh H, Inoue J, Maekawa S. Theory of giant magnetoresistance for parallel and perpendicular currents in magnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:342-352. [PMID: 9977095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gijs MA, Lenczowski SK, Giesbers JB, Johnson MT. Temperature dependence of the spin-dependent scattering in Co/Cu multilayers determined from perpendicular-giant-magnetoresistance experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:16733-16736. [PMID: 9976063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Wang JQ, Xiao G. Origin of the temperature dependence of the giant magnetoresistance in magnetic granular solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:3423-3426. [PMID: 9976602 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Krasnov VM, Pedersen NF, Oboznov VA. Influence of the 3D-2D crossover on the critical current of Nb/Cu multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:1106-1110. [PMID: 9975779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Brataas A, Bauer GE. Semiclassical theory of perpendicular transport and giant magnetoresistance in disordered metallic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:14684-14699. [PMID: 10010556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fullerton EE, Conover MJ, Mattson JE, Sowers CH, Bader SD. Oscillatory interlayer coupling and giant magnetoresistance in epitaxial Fe/Cr(211) and (100) superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:15755-15763. [PMID: 10008128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.15755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Asano Y, Oguri A, Maekawa S. Parallel and perpendicular transport in multilayered structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:6192-6198. [PMID: 10009161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Valet T, Fert A. Theory of the perpendicular magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:7099-7113. [PMID: 10006879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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