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Arita R, Koretsune T, Sakai S, Akashi R, Nomura Y, Sano W. Nonempirical Calculation of Superconducting Transition Temperatures in Light-Element Superconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28060417 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the fully nonempirical calculation of the superconducting transition temperature (Tc ) is reviewed. Especially, this study focuses on three representative light-element high-Tc superconductors, i.e., elemental Li, sulfur hydrides, and alkali-doped fullerides. Here, it is discussed how crucial it is to develop the beyond Migdal-Eliashberg (ME) methods. For Li, a scheme of superconducting density functional theory for the plasmon mechanism is formulated and it is found that Tc is dramatically enhanced by considering the frequency dependence of the screened Coulomb interaction. For sulfur hydrides, it is essential to go beyond not only the static approximation for the screened Coulomb interaction, but also the constant density-of-states approximation for electrons, the harmonic approximation for phonons, and the Migdal approximation for the electron-phonon vertex, all of which have been employed in the standard ME calculation. It is also shown that the feedback effect in the self-consistent calculation of the self-energy and the zero point motion considerably affect the calculation of Tc . For alkali-doped fullerides, the interplay between electron-phonon coupling and electron correlations becomes more nontrivial. It has been demonstrated that the combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean field theory with the ab initio downfolding scheme for electron-phonon coupled systems works successfully. This study not only reproduces the experimental phase diagram but also obtains a unified view of the high-Tc superconductivity and the Mott-Hubbard transition in the fullerides. The results for these high-Tc superconductors will provide a firm ground for future materials design of new superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Arita
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Koretsune
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shiro Sakai
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Akashi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Wataru Sano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Nomura Y, Sakai S, Capone M, Arita R. Exotic s-wave superconductivity in alkali-doped fullerides. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:153001. [PMID: 26974650 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/15/153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkali-doped fullerides (A3C60 with A = K, Rb, Cs) show a surprising phase diagram, in which a high transition-temperature (Tc) s-wave superconducting state emerges next to a Mott insulating phase as a function of the lattice spacing. This is in contrast with the common belief that Mott physics and phonon-driven s-wave superconductivity are incompatible, raising a fundamental question on the mechanism of the high-Tc superconductivity. This article reviews recent ab initio calculations, which have succeeded in reproducing comprehensively the experimental phase diagram with high accuracy and elucidated an unusual cooperation between the electron-phonon coupling and the electron-electron interactions leading to Mott localization to realize an unconventional s-wave superconductivity in the alkali-doped fullerides. A driving force behind the exotic physics is unusual intramolecular interactions, characterized by the coexistence of a strongly repulsive Coulomb interaction and a small effectively negative exchange interaction. This is realized by a subtle energy balance between the coupling with the Jahn-Teller phonons and Hund's coupling within the C60 molecule. The unusual form of the interaction leads to a formation of pairs of up- and down-spin electrons on the molecules, which enables the s-wave pairing. The emergent superconductivity crucially relies on the presence of the Jahn-Teller phonons, but surprisingly benefits from the strong correlations because the correlations suppress the kinetic energy of the electrons and help the formation of the electron pairs, in agreement with previous model calculations. This confirms that the alkali-doped fullerides are a new type of unconventional superconductors, where the unusual synergy between the phonons and Coulomb interactions drives the high-Tc superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nomura
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Lee CH, Liu L, Bejger C, Turkiewicz A, Goko T, Arguello CJ, Frandsen BA, Cheung SC, Medina T, Munsie TJS, D’Ortenzio R, Luke GM, Besara T, Lalancette RA, Siegrist T, Stephens PW, Crowther AC, Brus LE, Matsuo Y, Nakamura E, Uemura YJ, Kim P, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML, Roy X. Ferromagnetic Ordering in Superatomic Solids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16926-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5098622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- KU-KIST
Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Lian Liu
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christopher Bejger
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ari Turkiewicz
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tatsuo Goko
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Carlos J. Arguello
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Frandsen
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sky C. Cheung
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Teresa Medina
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Timothy J. S. Munsie
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Robert D’Ortenzio
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Graeme M. Luke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tiglet Besara
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers State University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Theo Siegrist
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Peter W. Stephens
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Andrew C. Crowther
- Department
of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Louis E. Brus
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 112-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 112-0033, Japan
| | - Yasutomo J. Uemura
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Philip Kim
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Potočnik A, Krajnc A, Jeglič P, Takabayashi Y, Ganin AY, Prassides K, Rosseinsky MJ, Arčon D. Size and symmetry of the superconducting gap in the f.c.c. Cs3C60 polymorph close to the metal-Mott insulator boundary. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4265. [PMID: 24584087 PMCID: PMC3939459 DOI: 10.1038/srep04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkali fullerides, A(3)C(60) (A = alkali metal) are molecular superconductors that undergo a transition to a magnetic Mott-insulating state at large lattice parameters. However, although the size and the symmetry of the superconducting gap, Δ, are both crucial for the understanding of the pairing mechanism, they are currently unknown for superconducting fullerides close to the correlation-driven magnetic insulator. Here we report a comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of face-centred-cubic (f.c.c.) Cs(3)C(60) polymorph, which can be tuned continuously through the bandwidth-controlled Mott insulator-metal/superconductor transition by pressure. When superconductivity emerges from the insulating state at large interfullerene separations upon compression, we observe an isotropic (s-wave) Δ with a large gap-to-superconducting transition temperature ratio, 2Δ0/k(B)T(c) = 5.3(2) [Δ0 = Δ(0 K)]. 2Δ0/k(B)T(c) decreases continuously upon pressurization until it approaches a value of ~3.5, characteristic of weak-coupling BCS theory of superconductivity despite the dome-shaped dependence of Tc on interfullerene separation. The results indicate the importance of the electronic correlations for the pairing interaction as the metal/superconductor-insulator boundary is approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Potočnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova c. 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova c. 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Jeglič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova c. 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Dunajska c. 156, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Alexey Y. Ganin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Kosmas Prassides
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- WPI Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Denis Arčon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova c. 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of mathematics and physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska c. 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wzietek P, Mito T, Alloul H, Pontiroli D, Aramini M, Riccò M. NMR study of the superconducting gap variation near the Mott transition in Cs₃C₆₀. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:066401. [PMID: 24580696 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.066401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Former extensive studies of superconductivity in the A3C60 compounds, where A is an alkali metal, have led one to consider that Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer electron-phonon pairing prevails in those compounds, though the incidence of electronic Coulomb repulsion has been highly debated. The discovery of two isomeric fulleride compounds Cs3C60 which exhibit a transition with pressure from a Mott insulator (MI) to a superconducting (SC) state clearly reopens that question. Using pressure (p) as a single control parameter of the C60 balls lattice spacing, one can now study the progressive evolution of the SC properties when the electronic correlations are increased towards the critical pressure p(c) of the Mott transition. We have used 13C and 133Cs NMR measurements on the cubic phase A15-Cs3C60 just above p(c)=5.0(3) kbar, where the SC transition temperature Tc displays a dome shape with decreasing cell volume. From the T dependence below T(c) of the nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate (T1)(-1) we determine the electronic excitations in the SC state, that is 2Δ, the gap value. The latter is found to be largely enhanced with respect to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer value established in the case of dense A3C60 compounds. It even increases slightly with decreasing p towards p(c), where T(c) decreases on the SC dome, so that 2Δ/k(B)T(c) increases regularly upon approaching the Mott transition. These results bring clear evidence that the increasing correlations near the Mott transition are not significantly detrimental to superconductivity. They rather suggest that repulsive electron interactions might even reinforce elecron-phonon superconductivity, being then partly responsible for the large T(c) values, as proposed by theoretical models taking the electronic correlations as a key ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wzietek
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - T Mito
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France and Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - H Alloul
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Pontiroli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma - Via G.P.Usberti 7/a, I-43124 Parma, Italy and Laboratorio MIST.E-R, P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Aramini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma - Via G.P.Usberti 7/a, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M Riccò
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma - Via G.P.Usberti 7/a, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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Abstract
We review the development of conductive organic molecular assemblies including organic metals, superconductors, single component conductors, conductive films, conductors with a switching function, and new spin state (quantum spin liquid state). We emphasize the importance of the ionicity phase diagram for a variety of charge transfer systems to provide a strategy for the development of functional organic solids (Mott insulator, semiconductor, superconductor, metal, complex isomer, neutral-ionic system, alignment of chemical potentials, etc.). For organic (super)conductors, the electronic dimensionality of the solids is a key parameter and can be designed based on the self-aggregation ability of a molecule. We present characteristic structural and physical properties of organic superconductors.
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Pratt FL, Blundell SJ. Universal scaling relations in molecular superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:097006. [PMID: 15783993 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.097006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Scaling relations between the superconducting transition temperature T(c), the superfluid stiffness rho(s), and the normal state conductivity sigma(0)(T(c)) are identified within the class of molecular superconductors. These new scaling properties hold as T(c) varies over 2 orders of magnitude for materials with differing dimensionality and contrasting molecular structure and are dramatically different from the equivalent scaling properties observed for cuprate superconductors. These scaling relations place strong constraints on theories for molecular superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Pratt
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
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Blundell SJ. Muon-Spin Rotation Studies of Electronic Properties of Molecular Conductors and Superconductors. Chem Rev 2004; 104:5717-36. [PMID: 15535666 DOI: 10.1021/cr030632e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Blundell
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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Hesper R, Tjeng LH, Heeres A, Sawatzky GA. BCS-like density of states in superconducting A3C60 surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:1970-1973. [PMID: 10970660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on an ultrahigh resolution photoemission study on the topmost molecular layer of K3C60 and Rb3C60 films below and above the superconducting transition temperature T(C). We observed not only clear evidence for the opening of the superconducting gap, but also a modification in the photoemission line shape consistent with a change from a normal-metallic to a BCS-like density of states, including the formation of a condensation peak. The data can be accurately modeled by a BCS-type function with a gap Delta derived from T(C) in the weak-coupling limit ( 2Delta/k(B)T(C) = 3.53).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hesper
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
This paper contains a brief review of muon studies of organic conductors with emphasis on polymers. The species created by implanted muons in both semiconducting polymers and polymers doped to metallic values of conductivity are described. Both diamagnetic centres and paramagnetic radicals are formed in the semiconducting materials. The mechanisms of interaction of the muon with the polymers and the longitudinal relaxation of the muon species are discussed. In highly conducting polymers the muons are primarily present in diamagnetic states. Implanted muons have also been used to study both organic chargetransfer salts and Rb
3
C
60
in the superconducting state.
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Koller D, Martin MC, Mihály L, Mihály G, Oszlányi G, Baumgartner G, Forró L. Energy Gap in Superconducting Fullerides: Optical and Tunneling Studies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:4082-4085. [PMID: 10062383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Diederichs J, Gangopadhyay AK, Schilling JS. Pressure dependence of the electronic density of states and Tc in superconducting Rb3C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:R9662-R9665. [PMID: 9984786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r9662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Neminsky AM, Shovkun DV, Vyaselev OT. ac susceptibility of Rb3C60 fine powder. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:454-461. [PMID: 9984280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gunnarsson O, Handschuh H, Bechthold PS, Kessler B, Ganteför G, Eberhardt W. Photoemission spectra of C60-: Electron-phonon coupling, Jahn-Teller effect, and superconductivity in the fullerides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:1875-1878. [PMID: 10057779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Teslic S, Egami T, Fischer JE. Short-range antiferromagnetic orientational correlations in Rb3C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:5973-5976. [PMID: 9979512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Stenger VA, Pennington CH, Buffinger DR, Ziebarth RP. Nuclear magnetic resonance of A3C60 superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:1649-1652. [PMID: 10059082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Gu C, Veal BW, Liu R, Paulikas AP, Kostic P, Ding H, Gofron K, Campuzano JC, Schlueter JA, Wang HH, Geiser U, Williams JM. Electronic structure and superconducting energy gap in Rb3C60 single crystals studied by photoemission spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:16566-16569. [PMID: 9976043 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.16566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Degiorgi L, Briceno G, Fuhrer MS, Zettl A, Wachter P. Optical measurements of the superconducting gap in single-crystal K3C60 and Rb3C60. Nature 1994. [DOI: 10.1038/369541a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Neminsky AM, Nikolaev PN, Shovkun DV, Laukhina EE, Yagubskii EB. Temperature dependence of the magnetic field penetration depth in Rb3C60 measured by ac susceptibility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:3092-3095. [PMID: 10056065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Degiorgi L, Nicol EJ, Klein O, Grüner G, Wachter P, Huang S, Wiley J, Kaner RB. Optical properties of the alkali-metal-doped superconducting fullerenes: K3C60 and Rb3C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:7012-7025. [PMID: 10009429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Stenger VA, Recchia C, Vance J, Pennington CH, Buffinger DR, Ziebarth RP. NMR measurement of superconducting-state spin susceptibility in alkali fullerides. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:9942-9944. [PMID: 10007266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.9942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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