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Wang C, Gupta A, Singh SK, Madathil PT, Chung YJ, Pfeiffer LN, Baldwin KW, Winkler R, Shayegan M. Fractional Quantum Hall State at Filling Factor ν=1/4 in Ultra-High-Quality GaAs Two-Dimensional Hole Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:266502. [PMID: 38215363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.266502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Single-component fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) at even-denominator filling factors may host non-Abelian quasiparticles that are considered to be building blocks of topological quantum computers. Such states, however, are rarely observed in the lowest-energy Landau level, namely at filling factors ν<1. Here, we report evidence for an even-denominator FQHS at ν=1/4 in ultra-high-quality two-dimensional hole systems confined to modulation-doped GaAs quantum wells. We observe a deep minimum in the longitudinal resistance at ν=1/4, superimposed on a highly insulating background, suggesting a close competition between the ν=1/4 FQHS and the magnetic-field-induced, pinned Wigner solid states. Our experimental observations are consistent with the very recent theoretical calculations that predict that substantial Landau level mixing, caused by the large hole effective mass, can induce composite fermion pairing and lead to a non-Abelian FQHS at ν=1/4. Our results demonstrate that Landau level mixing can provide a very potent means for tuning the interaction between composite fermions and creating new non-Abelian FQHSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - P T Madathil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Wang C, Gupta A, Madathil PT, Singh SK, Chung YJ, Pfeiffer LN, Baldwin KW, Shayegan M. Next-generation even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states of interacting composite fermions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314212120. [PMID: 38113254 PMCID: PMC10756197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314212120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the fractional quantum Hall state (FQHS) in 1982 ushered a new era of research in many-body condensed matter physics. Among the numerous FQHSs, those observed at even-denominator Landau level filling factors are of particular interest as they may host quasiparticles obeying non-Abelian statistics and be of potential use in topological quantum computing. The even-denominator FQHSs, however, are scarce and have been observed predominantly in low-disorder two-dimensional (2D) systems when an excited electron Landau level is half filled. An example is the well-studied FQHS at filling factor [Formula: see text] 5/2 which is believed to be a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-type, paired state of flux-particle composite fermions (CFs). Here, we report the observation of even-denominator FQHSs at [Formula: see text] 3/10, 3/8, and 3/4 in the lowest Landau level of an ultrahigh-quality GaAs 2D hole system, evinced by deep minima in longitudinal resistance and developing quantized Hall plateaus. Quite remarkably, these states can be interpreted as even-denominator FQHSs of CFs, emerging from pairing of higher-order CFs when a CF Landau level, rather than an electron or a hole Landau level, is half-filled. Our results affirm enhanced interaction between CFs in a hole system with significant Landau level mixing and, more generally, the pairing of CFs as a valid mechanism for even-denominator FQHSs, and suggest the realization of FQHSs with non-Abelian anyons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Adbhut Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Pranav T. Madathil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Siddharth K. Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Yoon Jang Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Loren N. Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Kirk W. Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Mansour Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
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Wang C, Gupta A, Chung YJ, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Baldwin KW, Winkler R, Shayegan M. Highly Anisotropic Even-Denominator Fractional Quantum Hall State in an Orbitally Coupled Half-Filled Landau Level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:056302. [PMID: 37595236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.056302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) in half-filled Landau levels are generally believed to host non-Abelian quasiparticles and be of potential use in topological quantum computing. Of particular interest is the competition and interplay between the even-denominator FQHSs and other ground states, such as anisotropic phases and composite fermion Fermi seas. Here, we report the observation of an even-denominator fractional quantum Hall state with highly anisotropic in-plane transport coefficients at Landau level filling factor ν=3/2. We observe this state in an ultra-high-quality GaAs two-dimensional hole system when a large in-plane magnetic field is applied. By increasing the in-plane field, we observe a sharp transition from an isotropic composite fermion Fermi sea to an anisotropic even-denominator FQHS. Our data and calculations suggest that a unique feature of two-dimensional holes, namely the coupling between heavy-hole and light-hole states, combines different orbital components in the wave function of one Landau level, and leads to the emergence of a highly anisotropic even-denominator fractional quantum Hall state. Our results demonstrate that the GaAs two-dimensional hole system is a unique platform for the exploration of exotic, many-body ground states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Y J Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Winkler
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - M Shayegan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Uji S, Yasuzuka S, Konoike T, Enomoto K, Yamada J, Choi ES, Graf D, Brooks JS. Quantum oscillation of Hall resistance in the extreme quantum limit of an organic conductor (TMTSF)2ClO4. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:077206. [PMID: 15783852 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.077206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report resistance and magnetic torque experiments under a high magnetic field up to 45 T in a three dimensional quantum Hall (QH) system (TMTSF)(2)ClO(4), where TMTSF = tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene. The Hall resistance shows huge oscillations accompanied with sign reversal after the final QH state, where the Landau level filling factor is unity, is removed above 26 T. The magnetic torque also oscillates with the field. The results suggest that a novel quantum state, where the character of the carriers periodically changes with the field, is stabilized in the extreme quantum limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uji
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
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Chang CC, Jeon GS, Jain JK. Microscopic verification of topological electron-vortex binding in the lowest Landau-level crystal state. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:016809. [PMID: 15698119 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.016809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When two-dimensional electrons are subjected to a very strong magnetic field, they are believed to form a triangular crystal. By a direct comparison with the exact wave function, we demonstrate that this crystal is not a simple Hartree-Fock crystal of electrons but an inherently quantum mechanical crystal characterized by a nonperturbative binding of quantized vortices to electrons. It is suggested that this has qualitative consequences for experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Chang
- Department of Physics, 104 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
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Kashurnikov VA, Prokof'ev NV, Svistunov BV, Tupitsyn IS. Wigner crystallization in the lowest Landau level for nu >= 1/5. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:8644-8651. [PMID: 9984543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.8644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zheng L, Fertig HA. Wigner-crystal states for the two-dimensional electron gas in a double-quantum-well system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:12282-12290. [PMID: 9980371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Okamoto T, Shinohara Y, Kawaji S. Transition between quantum Hall conductor and Hall insulator in Si MOSFET's. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:11109-11112. [PMID: 9980209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.11109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zheng L, Fertig HA. The Hofstadter spectrum of the Wigner crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:R2321-R2324. [PMID: 9981401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.r2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Manoharan HC, Shayegan M. Wigner crystal versus Hall insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:17662-17665. [PMID: 9976185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.17662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Peters PJ, Scheuzger P, Lea MJ, Monarkha YP, Sommerfeld PK. Quantum magnetotransport in a nondegenerate two-dimensional electron gas under extremely strong magnetic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:11570-11576. [PMID: 9975289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.11570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zhu X, Littlewood PB, Millis AJ. Sliding motion of a two-dimensional Wigner crystal in a strong magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:4600-4621. [PMID: 9976766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zheng L, Fertig HA. Electron-electron interactions and the Hall insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:4984-4987. [PMID: 9976829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zheng L, Fertig HA. Quantum correlated interstitials and the Hall resistivity of the magnetically induced Wigner crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:878-881. [PMID: 10057562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Wang T, Clark KP, Spencer GF, Mack AM, Kirk WP. Magnetic-field-induced metal-insulator transition in two dimensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:709-712. [PMID: 10056503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Kravchenko SV, Furneaux JE, Pudalov VM. Hall insulator in a two-dimensional electron system in silicon in the extreme quantum limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:2250-2252. [PMID: 10011050 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Vignale G. Zero-temperature Hall coefficient of a localized-electron insulator: Wigner crystal versus Anderson localization. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:11504-11507. [PMID: 10007484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Johnson CE, Jiang HW. Observation of a nondivergent Hall coefficient for a localized two-dimensional electron gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:2823-2826. [PMID: 10008691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Goldman VJ, Su B, Wang JK. Hall effect in a magnetic-field-localized two-dimensional electron system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:10548-10554. [PMID: 10005167 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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