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Wang WH, Pan CY, Liu CM, Lin WC, Jiang PH. Chirality-Induced Noncollinear Magnetization and Asymmetric Domain-Wall Propagation in Hydrogenated CoPd Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20151-20158. [PMID: 35468278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Array-patterned CoPd-based heterostructures are created through e-beam lithography and plasma pretreatment that induces oxidation with depth gradient in the CoPd alloy films, breaking the central symmetry of the structure. Effects on the magnetic properties of the follow-up hydrogenation of the thin film are observed via magneto-optic Kerr effect microscopy. The system exhibits a strong vertical and lateral antiferromagnetic coupling in the perpendicular component between the areas with and without plasma pretreatment, and asymmetric domain-wall propagation in the plasma-pretreated areas during magnetization reversal. These phenomena exhibit evident magnetic chirality and can be interpreted with the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida coupling and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). The sample processing demonstrated in this study allows easy incorporation of lithography techniques that can define areas with or without DMI to create intricate magnetic patterns on the sample, which provides an avenue toward more sophisticated control of canted spin textures in future spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yang Pan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chak-Ming Liu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Jiang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Interlayer exchange coupling in ferromagnetic semiconductor trilayers with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4740. [PMID: 30894576 PMCID: PMC6427040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the observation of ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) in GaMnAsP-based trilayer structures with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. Magnetization and anomalous Hall effect (AHE) measurements show well-resolved magnetization transitions corresponding to the two GaMnAsP layers. Minor loop measurements reveal a characteristic shift caused by IEC in all trilayer samples investigated. Interestingly, the FM IEC changes to AFM IEC for a trilayer with the thinnest (7 nm) top GaMnAsP layer as the temperature increases. The observation of temperature-induced transition of FM and AFM IEC in the same sample suggests the possibility of device applications by controlling the type of IEC in such GaMnAsP-based multilayers.
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Wide-range tuning of interfacial exchange coupling between ferromagnetic Au/Co and ferrimagnetic Tb/Fe(Co) multilayers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16911. [PMID: 30442894 PMCID: PMC6237983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to perform wide-range tuning of the magnetic field required to switch the magnetization of ferromagnetic layers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is of great importance for many applications. We show that, for (Au/Co)2(3) multilayers, this field can be changed from minus several kOe to plus several kOe because of changes to the coupling with a ferrimagnetic multilayer [either (Tb/Fe)6 or (Tb/Co)6] across a Au spacer (either homogeneous 1 nm thick or wedge-shaped). The adjustable parameters are the ratio of sublayer thicknesses of the ferrimagnet and the sequence of layers around the Au spacer. The change of the sequence from Co/Au/Co to Tb/Au/Co is accompanied by both the reduction of the interaction energy and the change of the magnetic field sign necessary to switch the magnetization of ferromagnetic multilayers. For a 1 nm thick Au spacer this fields change from positive (negative) to negative (positive) if the ferrimagnet is dominated by the transition metal (rare earth) as a result of its composition. The characteristic oscillatory behavior of RKKY-like coupling is demonstrated using a system with a wedge-shaped Au spacer.
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Wawro A, Milińska E, Kurant Z, Pietruczik A, Kanak J, Ollefs K, Wilhelm F, Rogalev A, Maziewski A. XMCD studies of magnetic polarization at Mo atoms in CoMo alloy and magnetically coupled Co/Mo multilayers. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1400-1407. [PMID: 30179179 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518008500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic polarization of Mo atoms in Co96Mo4 alloy film and Co/Mo multilayered structures has been studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Samples with Mo spacers of two different thicknesses (0.9 nm and 1.8 nm) were investigated. Mo atoms receive a magnetic moment of -0.21μB in the alloy. In the multilayer with the thinner Mo spacer (dMo = 0.9 nm) the magnetic moment is much smaller (-0.03μB). In both cases the measured induced moment at the Mo site is oriented antiparallel to the moment at the Co atoms. The presence of the induced moment in the Mo spacer coincides with antiferromagnetic coupling between the Co component slabs. In contrast, neither measurable induced moment at the Mo site nor interlayer coupling between the Co layers has been found for the multilayer with the thicker Mo spacer. Possible mechanisms of the coupling associated with the induced moment are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wawro
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, Warsaw PL-02668, Poland
| | - Ewelina Milińska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, Warsaw PL-02668, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kurant
- Department of Physics, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1L, Białystok 15-245, Poland
| | - Aleksiej Pietruczik
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, Warsaw PL-02668, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kanak
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - Katharina Ollefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Wilhelm
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andrei Rogalev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andrzej Maziewski
- Department of Physics, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1L, Białystok 15-245, Poland
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Hrabec A, Křižáková V, Pizzini S, Sampaio J, Thiaville A, Rohart S, Vogel J. Velocity Enhancement by Synchronization of Magnetic Domain Walls. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:227204. [PMID: 29906179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.227204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic domain walls are objects whose dynamics is inseparably connected to their structure. In this Letter, we investigate magnetic bilayers, which are engineered such that a coupled pair of domain walls, one in each layer, is stabilized by a cooperation of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and flux-closing mechanism. The dipolar field mediating the interaction between the two domain walls links not only their position but also their structure. We show that this link has a direct impact on their magnetic-field-induced dynamics. We demonstrate that in such a system the coupling leads to an increased domain wall velocity with respect to single domain walls. Since the domain wall dynamics is observed in a precessional regime, the dynamics involves the synchronization between the two walls to preserve the flux closure during motion. Properties of these coupled oscillating walls can be tuned by an additional in-plane magnetic field enabling a rich variety of states, from perfect synchronization to complete detuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Hrabec
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Viola Křižáková
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stefania Pizzini
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - João Sampaio
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - André Thiaville
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Stanislas Rohart
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jan Vogel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Current-induced skyrmion generation and dynamics in symmetric bilayers. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15765. [PMID: 28593949 PMCID: PMC5472776 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are quasiparticle-like textures which are topologically different from other states. Their discovery in systems with broken inversion symmetry sparked the search for materials containing such magnetic phase at room temperature. Their topological properties combined with the chirality-related spin–orbit torques make them interesting objects to control the magnetization at nanoscale. Here we show that a pair of coupled skyrmions of opposite chiralities can be stabilized in a symmetric magnetic bilayer system by combining Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and dipolar coupling effects. This opens a path for skyrmion stabilization with lower DMI. We demonstrate in a device with asymmetric electrodes that such skyrmions can be independently written and shifted by electric current at large velocities. The skyrmionic nature of the observed quasiparticles is confirmed by the gyrotropic force. These results set the ground for emerging spintronic technologies where issues concerning skyrmion stability, nucleation and propagation are paramount. The creation of practical devices based on magnetic skyrmions depends on the development of methods to create and control stable individual skyrmions. Here, the authors present a bilayer device that uses dipolar interactions to stabilize skyrmions that can be manipulated using electric currents.
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Müller C, Bof Bufon CC, Makarov D, Fernandez-Outon LE, Macedo WAA, Schmidt OG, Mosca DH. Tuning giant magnetoresistance in rolled-up Co-Cu nanomembranes by strain engineering. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7155-7160. [PMID: 23069891 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Compact rolled-up Co-Cu nanomembranes of high quality with different numbers of windings are realized by strain engineering. A profound analysis of magnetoresistance (MR) is performed for tubes with a single winding and a varied number of Co-Cu bilayers in the stack. Rolled-up nanomembranes with up to 12 Co-Cu bilayers are successfully fabricated by tailoring the strain state of the Cr bottom layer. By carrying out an angular dependent study, we ruled out the contribution from anisotropic MR and confirm that rolled-up Co-Cu multilayers exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR). No significant difference of MR is found for a single wound tube compared with planar devices. In contrast, MR in tubes with multiple windings is increased at low deposition rates of the Cr bottom layer, whereas the effect is not observable at higher rates, suggesting that interface roughness plays an important role in determining the GMR effect of the rolled-up nanomembranes. Furthermore, besides a linear increase of the MR with the number of windings, the self-rolling of nanomembranes substantially reduces the device footprint area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Müller
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19044, 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Tobina JG, Bedrossiana PJ, Cumminsb TR, Waddillb GD, Mishrac S, Larsond P, Negrid R, Millerd M, Petersond E, Boyd P, Gunion R. Preliminary Results from a New Spin Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-524-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe first preliminary results from a novel spectrometer for elementally-specific measurements of magnetic surfaces and ultrathin films are presented here. The key measurements are based upon spin-resolving and photon-dichroic photoelectron spectroscopy. True spinresolution is achieved by the use of a Mini-Mott detection scheme. The photon-dichroic measurements include the variant magnetic x-ray linear dichroism (MXLD). Both a multi-channel, energy dispersive collection scheme as well as the spin-detecting Mini-Mott apparatus are used in data collection. The [Spin Spectrometer] is based at the Spectromicroscopy Facility (Beamline7)at the Advanced Light Source.
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Metaxas PJ, Stamps RL, Jamet JP, Ferré J, Baltz V, Rodmacq B, Politi P. Dynamic binding of driven interfaces in coupled ultrathin ferromagnetic layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:237206. [PMID: 20867268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.237206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally dynamic interface binding in a system consisting of two coupled ferromagnetic layers. While domain walls in each layer have different velocity-field responses, for two broad ranges of the driving field H, walls in the two layers are bound and move at a common velocity. The bound states have their own velocity-field response and arise when the isolated wall velocities in each layer are close, a condition which always occurs as H→0. Several features of the bound states are reproduced using a one-dimensional model, illustrating their general nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Metaxas
- School of Physics, M013, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
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Norman MR, Micklitz T. How to measure a spinon fermi surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:067204. [PMID: 19257629 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.067204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experiment to identify the potential existence of a spinon Fermi surface by looking for oscillatory coupling between two ferromagnets via a spin liquid spacer. Three candidate spin liquids are investigated, and it is found out that in all cases long period oscillations should be present, the period of which would identify the Fermi wave vector of the spinon surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Norman
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Chapter 1 Interlayer exchange coupling in layered magnetic structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(01)13005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Barthélémy A, Fert A, Petroff F. Chapter 1 Giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(99)12005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Furukawa T, Koike K. Monolayer-period oscillation of secondary electrons and its application for determining the polarization oscillation period in Au/Fe(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:17896-17901. [PMID: 9985923 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.17896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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15
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Freeland JW, Keavney DJ, Storm DF, Grigorov IL, Walker JC, Pini MG, Politi P, Rettori A. Oscillatory ferromagnetic interlayer coupling of Fe(110) thin films through (111) oriented Ag and Cu spacers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:9942-9951. [PMID: 9984730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.9942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Henry Y, Ounadjela K. Evidence for a direct d-d hybridization mechanism for the interlayer exchange coupling in epitaxial Co/Mn multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:1944-1947. [PMID: 10060560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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17
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Weller D, Stöhr J, Nakajima R, Carl A, Samant MG, Chappert C, Mégy R, Beauvillain P, Veillet P, Held GA. Microscopic origin of magnetic anisotropy in Au/Co/Au probed with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3752-3755. [PMID: 10059718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Visnovsk S, Nývlt M, Prosser V, Lopusník R, Urban R, Ferré J, Pénissard G, Renard D, Krishnan R. Polar magneto-optics in simple ultrathin-magnetic-film structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:1090-1106. [PMID: 9980686 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Roussigné Y, Ganot F, Dugautier C, Moch P, Renard D. Brillouin scattering in Co/Cu/Co and Co/Au/Co trilayers: Anisotropy fields and interlayer magnetic exchange. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:350-360. [PMID: 9979612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Renard J, Bruno P, Mégy R, Bartenlian B, Beauvillain P, Chappert C, Dupas C, Kolb E, Mulloy M, Veillet P, Vélu E. Inverse magnetoresistance in the simple spin-valve system Fe1-xVx/Au/Co. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:12821-12824. [PMID: 9978063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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21
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Mégy R, Bounouh A, Suzuki Y, Beauvillain P, Bruno P, Chappert C, Lecuyer B, Veillet P. Magneto-optical-Kerr-effect study of spin-polarized quantum-well states in a Au overlayer on a Co(0001) ultrathin film. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:5586-5589. [PMID: 9979465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Carl A, Weller D. Oscillatory paramagnetic magneto-optical Kerr effect in Ru wedges on Co. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:190-193. [PMID: 10057731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Parkin SS, Farrow RF, Marks RF, Cebollada A, Harp GR, Savoy RJ. Oscillations of interlayer exchange coupling and giant magnetoresistance in (111) oriented permalloy/Au multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:3718-3721. [PMID: 10056272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bruno P. Theory of intrinsic and thermally induced interlayer magnetic coupling between ferromagnetic films separated by an insulating layer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:13231-13234. [PMID: 10010247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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