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Chen J, Xing X, Rey-de-Castro R, Rabitz H. Ultrafast control of the LnF +/LnO + ratio from Ln(hfac) 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15850-15855. [PMID: 38682860 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The photo-induced dissociative ionization of lanthanide complexes Ln(hfac)3 (Ln = Pr, Er, Yb) is studied using ultrafast shaped laser pulses in a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry setup. Various fluorine and Ln-containing mass fragments were observed, which can be interpreted by the photo-fragmentation mechanistic pathway involving C-C bond rotation processes proposed previously. A set of experiments used pulse shaping guided by closed-loop feedback control to identify pulses that optimize the ratio of LnF+/LnO+. In agreement with previous studies in which very little LnO+ was observed, broad pulses were found to maximize the LnF+/LnO+ ratio, which involves metal-ligand bond-breaking followed by bond rotation and bond rearrangement. In contrast, a transform limited (TL) pulse favored the formation of LnO+. Finally, the recently developed experimental control pulse slicing (CPS) technique was applied to elucidate the dynamics induced by fields that either maximize or minimize the LnF+/LnO+ ratio, which also indicates that longer laser pulses facilitate LnF+ formation during the C-C bond rotation dissociative-ionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
| | - Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
| | | | - Herschel Rabitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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2
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Mun JH, Sakai H, Kim DE. Time-Dependent Unitary Transformation Method in the Strong-Field-Ionization Regime with the Kramers-Henneberger Picture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168514. [PMID: 34445218 PMCID: PMC8395222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Time evolution operators of a strongly ionizing medium are calculated by a time-dependent unitary transformation (TDUT) method. The TDUT method has been employed in a quantum mechanical system composed of discrete states. This method is especially helpful for solving molecular rotational dynamics in quasi-adiabatic regimes because the strict unitary nature of the propagation operator allows us to set the temporal step size to large; a tight limitation on the temporal step size (δt<<1) can be circumvented by the strict unitary nature. On the other hand, in a strongly ionizing system where the Hamiltonian is not Hermitian, the same approach cannot be directly applied because it is demanding to define a set of field-dressed eigenstates. In this study, the TDUT method was applied to the ionizing regime using the Kramers-Henneberger frame, in which the strong-field-dressed discrete eigenstates are given by the field-free discrete eigenstates in a moving frame. Although the present work verifies the method for a one-dimensional atom as a prototype, the method can be applied to three-dimensional atoms, and molecules exposed to strong laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Hoi Mun
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Hirofumi Sakai
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dong-Eon Kim
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
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3
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Woźniak AP, Lesiuk M, Przybytek M, Efimov DK, Prauzner-Bechcicki JS, Mandrysz M, Ciappina M, Pisanty E, Zakrzewski J, Lewenstein M, Moszyński R. A systematic construction of Gaussian basis sets for the description of laser field ionization and high-harmonic generation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094111. [PMID: 33685145 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise understanding of mechanisms governing the dynamics of electrons in atoms and molecules subjected to intense laser fields has a key importance for the description of attosecond processes such as the high-harmonic generation and ionization. From the theoretical point of view, this is still a challenging task, as new approaches to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with both good accuracy and efficiency are still emerging. Until recently, the purely numerical methods of real-time propagation of the wavefunction using finite grids have been frequently and successfully used to capture the electron dynamics in small one- or two-electron systems. However, as the main focus of attoscience shifts toward many-electron systems, such techniques are no longer effective and need to be replaced by more approximate but computationally efficient ones. In this paper, we explore the increasingly popular method of expanding the wavefunction of the examined system into a linear combination of atomic orbitals and present a novel systematic scheme for constructing an optimal Gaussian basis set suitable for the description of excited and continuum atomic or molecular states. We analyze the performance of the proposed basis sets by carrying out a series of time-dependent configuration interaction calculations for the hydrogen atom in fields of intensity varying from 5 × 1013 W/cm2 to 5 × 1014 W/cm2. We also compare the results with the data obtained using Gaussian basis sets proposed previously by other authors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Lesiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Przybytek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dmitry K Efimov
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub S Prauzner-Bechcicki
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Mandrysz
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcelo Ciappina
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Pisanty
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakub Zakrzewski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Moszyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Chen J, Xing X, Rey-de-Castro R, Rabitz H. Ultrafast Photofragmentation of Ln(hfac) 3 with a Proposed Mechanism for forming High Mass Fluorinated Products. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7066. [PMID: 32341431 PMCID: PMC7184609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-induced dissociative-ionization of lanthanide complexes Ln(hfac)3 (Ln = Pr, Er, Yb) is studied using intense ultrafast transform limited (TL) and linearly chirped laser pulses in a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry setup. Various fluorine and Ln-containing high-mass fragments were observed in this experiment, including the molecular parent ion, which have not been seen with previous studies relying on relatively long-duration laser pulses (i.e., ns or longer). These new high-mass observations provide important formerly missing information for deducing a set of photo-fragmentation mechanistic pathways for Ln(hfac)3. An overall ultrafast control mechanism is proposed by combining insights from earlier studies and the fragments observed in this research to result in three main distinct photo-fragmentation processes: (a) ligand-metal charge transfer, (b) CF3 elimination, and (c) C-C bond rotation processes. We conclude that ultrafast dissociative-ionization could be a promising technique for generating high-mass fragments for potential use in material science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | | | - Herschel Rabitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA.
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5
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Ultrafast Dynamics of High-Harmonic Generation in Terms of Complex Floquet Spectral Analysis. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10080313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the high-harmonic generation (HHG) of a two-level-system (TLS) driven by an intense monochromatic phase-locked laser based on complex spectral analysis with the Floquet method. In contrast with phenomenological approaches, this analysis deals with the whole process as a coherent quantum process based on microscopic dynamics. We have obtained the time-frequency resolved spectrum of spontaneous HHG single-photon emission from an excited TLS driven by a laser field. Characteristic spectral features of the HHG, such as the plateau and cutoff, are reproduced by the present model. Because the emitted high-harmonic photon is represented as a superposition of different frequencies, the Fano profile appears in the long-time spectrum as a result of the quantum interference of the emitted photon. We reveal that the condition of the quantum interference depends on the initial phase of the driving laser field. We have also clarified that the change in spectral features from the short-time regime to the long-time regime is attributed to the interference between the interference from the Floquet resonance states and the dressed radiation field.
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6
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Frank Y, Zigler A, Henis Z. Atomic kinetics of matter irradiated by intense laser fields. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:033209. [PMID: 27739737 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.033209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The atomic kinetics of solid density low-Z material under an intense oscillating laser field is presented. The transient behavior of the average ionization and the heating mechanism is analyzed. Temporal oscillations in excited configurations populations caused by the laser field oscillations are demonstrated. These phenomena present a method for creating short, 1-100 fs, monochromatic but incoherent x-ray pulses and for measuring basic atomic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechiel Frank
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.,Soreq Research Center, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Arie Zigler
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Zohar Henis
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.,Soreq Research Center, Yavne 81800, Israel
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7
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Nonresonant femtosecond laser vaporization of aqueous protein preserves folded structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12217-22. [PMID: 21746908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1105673108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond laser vaporization-based mass spectrometry can be used to measure protein conformation in vitro at atmospheric pressure. Cytochrome c and lysozyme are vaporized from the condensed phase into the gas phase intact when exposed to an intense (10(13) W/cm(2)), nonresonant (800 nm), ultrafast (75 fs) laser pulse. Electrospray postionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that the vaporized protein maintains the solution-phase conformation through measurement of the charge-state distribution and the collision-induced dissociation channels.
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8
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Guo L, Han SS, Chen J. Time-energy analysis of above-threshold ionization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:1240-1248. [PMID: 20173947 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A Wigner-distribution-like function is proposed for analysis of the time-energy distribution of photoelectron emitted from an atom in intense laser fields. For the first time, the time-energy distribution of the photoelectron spectrum in above-threshold ionization is present. The interference pattern in the above-threshold ionization process in laser fields with different frequencies are investigated using the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guo
- Key laboratory for Quantum Optics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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9
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Reiss HR. Foundations of Strong-Field Physics. LECTURES ON ULTRAFAST INTENSE LASER SCIENCE 1 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-95944-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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10
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Smirnova O, Patchkovskii S, Spanner M. Direct XUV probing of attosecond electron recollision. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:123001. [PMID: 17501117 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the recolliding electron wave packet, fundamental to many strong field phenomena, can be directly imaged with sub-A spatial and attosecond temporal resolution using attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses. When the recolliding electron revisits the parent ion, it can absorb an XUV photon yielding high energy electron and thereby providing a measurement of the electron energy at the moment of recollision. The full temporal evolution of the recollision wave packet can be reconstructed by measuring the photoelectron spectra for different time delays between the driving laser and the attosecond XUV probe. The strength of the photoelectron signal can be used to characterize the spatial distribution of the electron density in the longitudinal direction. Elliptical polarization can be used to characterize the electron probability in transversal direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Smirnova
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Science, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
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11
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He B, Chang TQ. Residual energy in optical-field-ionized plasmas with the longitudinal motion of electrons included. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:066411. [PMID: 16089884 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.066411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The space-charge effect on the residual energy of electrons in optical-field-ionized plasmas is studied in detail by an extended simplified model and the cloud-in-cell simulation, with the longitudinal motion of electrons included. It is found that in moderate conditions the space-charge field can influence the residual energy of electrons effectively by matching the space-charge field with laser pulse. The effect of stimulated Raman scattering on electron temperature is also investigated in detail. Finally, a comparison is made between the results and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P.O. Box 8009-57, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
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12
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Popov VS. Tunnel and multiphoton ionization of atoms and ions in a strong laser field (Keldysh theory). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3367/ufnr.0174.200409a.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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13
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Moshammer R, Ullrich J, Feuerstein B, Fischer D, Dorn A, Schröter CD, Crespo Lopez-Urrutia JR, Hoehr C, Rottke H, Trump C, Wittmann M, Korn G, Sandner W. Rescattering of ultralow-energy electrons for single ionization of Ne in the tunneling regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:113002. [PMID: 14525419 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electron emission for single ionization of Ne by 25 fs, 1.0 PW/cm(2) laser pulses at 800 nm has been investigated in a kinematically complete experiment using a "reaction microscope." Mapping the complete final state momentum space with high resolution, a distinct local minimum is observed at P(e parallel )=0, where P(e parallel ) is the electron momentum parallel to the laser polarization. Whereas tunneling theory predicts a maximum at zero momentum, our findings are in good agreement with recent semiclassical predictions which were interpreted to be due to "recollision."
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-67119 Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Niikura H, Légaré F, Hasbani R, Bandrauk AD, Ivanov MY, Villeneuve DM, Corkum PB. Sub-laser-cycle electron pulses for probing molecular dynamics. Nature 2002; 417:917-22. [PMID: 12087396 DOI: 10.1038/nature00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Experience shows that the ability to make measurements in any new time regime opens new areas of science. Currently, experimental probes for the attosecond time regime (10(-18) 10(-15) s) are being established. The leading approach is the generation of attosecond optical pulses by ionizing atoms with intense laser pulses. This nonlinear process leads to the production of high harmonics during collisions between electrons and the ionized atoms. The underlying mechanism implies control of energetic electrons with attosecond precision. We propose that the electrons themselves can be exploited for ultrafast measurements. We use a 'molecular clock', based on a vibrational wave packet in H(2)(+) to show that distinct bunches of electrons appear during electron ion collisions with high current densities, and durations of about 1 femtosecond (10(-15) s). Furthermore, we use the molecular clock to study the dynamics of non-sequential double ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Niikura
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
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15
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Chaloupka J, Lafon R, Dimauro L, Agostini P, Kulander KC. Strong-field double ionization of rare gases. OPTICS EXPRESS 2001; 8:352-357. [PMID: 19417827 DOI: 10.1364/oe.8.000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the double ionization of helium and other rare gases using an electron-ion coincidence technique. With this scheme, the electron energy spectrum correlated to the creation of a doubly charged ion may be compiled. In all cases, the observed double ionization electron distributions are similar and enhanced at high energies, while the single ionization spectra exhibit distinct differences.
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16
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Delone N, Krainov V. Tunneling and barrier-suppression ionization of atoms and ions in a laser radiation field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.3367/ufnr.0168.199805c.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Walker B, Sheehy B, Kulander KC, DiMauro LF. Elastic Rescattering in the Strong Field Tunneling Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:5031-5034. [PMID: 10062697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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18
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Shao YL, Ditmire T, Tisch JW, Springate E, Marangos JP, Hutchinson MH. Multi-keV Electron Generation in the Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses with Xe Clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:3343-3346. [PMID: 10062196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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19
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Kaminski JZ, Ehlotzky F. Effective action approach to high-order harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:3678-3681. [PMID: 9913900 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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20
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Reiss HR. Energetic electrons in strong-field ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:R1765-R1768. [PMID: 9913759 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.r1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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21
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Kaminski JZ, Jaron A, Ehlotzky F. Coulomb effects in multiphoton above-threshold ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:1756-1761. [PMID: 9913068 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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22
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Glover TE, Crane JK, Perry MD, Lee RW, Falcone RW. Measurement of velocity distributions and recombination kinetics in tunnel-ionized helium plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:445-448. [PMID: 10060023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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23
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Donnelly TD, Lee RW, Falcone RW. Dynamics of optical-field-ionized plasmas for x-ray lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:R2691-R2694. [PMID: 9911997 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.r2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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24
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Trainham R, Muller HG. Above-threshold ionization of cesium by 1.9- microm light. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:R898-R901. [PMID: 9911778 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.r898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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25
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Lerner PB, Cohen JS. Formation of hot electrons in noble gases by intense-field ionization: A quasistatic tunneling, independent-electron model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:1464-1470. [PMID: 9911732 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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26
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Lerner PB, LaGattuta K, Cohen JS. Ionization of He by ultrastrong single-cycle pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:3245-3248. [PMID: 9911270 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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27
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Glover TE, Donnelly TD, Lipman EA, Sullivan A, Falcone RW. Subpicosecond Thomson scattering measurements of optically ionized helium plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:78-81. [PMID: 10056724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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28
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Abstract
The application of the chirped-pulse amplification technique to solid-state lasers combined with the availability of broad-bandwidth materials has made possible the development of small-scale terawatt and now even petawatt (1000-terawatt) laser systems. The laser technology used to produce these intense pulses and examples of new phenomena resulting from the application of these systems to atomic and plasma physics are described.
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29
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Paulus GG, Nicklich W, Xu H, Lambropoulos P, Walther H. Plateau in above threshold ionization spectra. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:2851-2854. [PMID: 10056001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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30
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Kondo K, Tamida T, Nabekawa Y, Watanabe S. High-order harmonic generation and ionization using ultrashort KrF and Ti:sapphire lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:3881-3889. [PMID: 9910685 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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31
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Pulsifer P, Apruzese JP, Davis J, Kepple P. Residual energy and its effect on gain in a Lyman- alpha laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:3958-3965. [PMID: 9910693 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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32
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Kondo K, Sagisaka A, Tamida T, Nabekawa Y, Watanabe S. Wavelength dependence of nonsequential double ionization in He. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:R2531-R2533. [PMID: 9910004 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.r2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Corkum PB. Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:1994-1997. [PMID: 10054556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1544] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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