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Heydarizadmotlagh F, Skinner TDG, Kato K, George MC, Hessels EA. Precision Measurement of the n=2 Triplet P J=1 to J=0 Fine Structure of Atomic Helium Using Frequency-Offset Separated Oscillatory Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:163001. [PMID: 38701455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing accuracy of the theory and experiment of the n=2 ^{3}P fine structure of helium has allowed for increasingly precise tests of quantum electrodynamics (QED), determinations of the fine-structure constant α, and limitations on possible beyond the standard model physics. Here we present a 2 ppb measurement of the J=1 to J=0 interval. The measurement is performed using frequency-offset separated-oscillatory fields. Our result of 29 616 955 018(60) Hz represents a landmark for helium fine-structure measurements, and, for the first time, will allow for a 1-ppb determination of the fine-structure constant when QED theory for the interval is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heydarizadmotlagh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - T D G Skinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - K Kato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - M C George
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - E A Hessels
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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2
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Kato K, Skinner TDG, Hessels EA. Ultrahigh-Precision Measurement of the n=2 Triplet P Fine Structure of Atomic Helium Using Frequency-Offset Separated Oscillatory Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:143002. [PMID: 30339449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.143002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades, improved theory and experiment of the n=2 ^{3}P fine structure of helium have allowed for increasingly precise tests of quantum electrodynamics, determinations of the fine-structure constant α, and limitations on possible beyond-the-standard-model physics. Here we use the new frequency-offset separated-oscillatory-fields technique to measure the 2^{3}P_{2}→2^{3}P_{1} interval. Our result of 2 291 176 590(25) Hz represents a major step forward in precision for helium fine-structure measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - T D G Skinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - E A Hessels
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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3
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Zappala JC, Bailey K, Lu ZT, O'Connor TP, Jiang W. Note: efficient generation of optical sidebands at GHz with a high-power tapered amplifier. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:046104. [PMID: 24784682 DOI: 10.1063/1.4870412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two methods using a laser-diode tapered amplifier to produce high-power, high-efficiency optical frequency sidebands over a wide tunable frequency range are studied and compared. For a total output of 500 mW at 811 nm, 20% of the power can be placed in each of the first-order sidebands. Functionality and characterization are presented within the sideband frequency region of 0.8-2.3 GHz, and it is shown that both methods can be applied beyond this frequency range. These methods provide a versatile and effective tool for atomic physics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Zappala
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Bailey
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Z-T Lu
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T P O'Connor
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Cancio Pastor P, Consolino L, Giusfredi G, De Natale P, Inguscio M, Yerokhin VA, Pachucki K. Frequency metrology of helium around 1083 nm and determination of the nuclear charge radius. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:143001. [PMID: 22540790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We measure the absolute frequency of seven out of the nine allowed transitions between the 2 (3)S and 2 (3)P hyperfine manifolds in a metastable (3)He beam by using an optical frequency comb synthesizer-assisted spectrometer. The relative uncertainty of our measurements ranges from 1×10(-11) to 5×10(-12), which is, to our knowledge, the most precise result for any optical ^{3}He transition to date. The resulting 2 (3)P-2 (3)S centroid frequency is 276,702,827,204.8(2.4) kHz. Comparing this value with the known result for the (4)He centroid and performing ab initio QED calculations of the (4)He-(3)He isotope shift, we extract the difference of the squared nuclear charge radii δr(2) of (3)He and (4)He. Our result for δr(2)=1.074(3) fm(2) disagrees by about 4σ with the recent determination [R. van Rooij et al., Science 333, 196 (2011)].
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cancio Pastor
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Pastor PC, Giusfredi G, De Natale P, Hagel G, De Mauro C, Inguscio M. Absolute frequency measurements of the 2(3)S1-->2(3)P 0,1,2 atomic helium transitions around 1083 nm. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:023001. [PMID: 14753933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We measure the frequency of the 2(3)S1-->2(3)P(0,1,2) transitions of helium in a metastable beam using an optical frequency comb synthesizer. The relative uncertainty of these measurements ranging from 5x10(-11) to 7x10(-12) is, to our knowledge, the most precise result for any optical helium transition. Considering existing accurate values of the 2(3)P fine structure, we measure a centroid value of the 2(3)S-2(3)P frequency of 276 736 495 624.6(2.4) kHz, improving the previous interferometric measurement by 30 times. New accurate values of the 2(3)S-2(3)P and 2(3)P Lamb-shift energies are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cancio Pastor
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata (INOA), Largo E. Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
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George MC, Lombardi LD, Hessels EA. Precision microwave measurement of the 2(3)P(1)-2(3)P(0) interval in atomic helium: a determination of the fine-structure constant. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:173002. [PMID: 11690271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The 2(3)P(1)-to- 2(3)P(0) interval in atomic helium is measured using a thermal beam of metastable helium atoms excited to the 2(3)P state using a 1.08-microm diode laser. The 2(3)P(1)-to- 2(3)P(0) transition is driven by 29.6-GHz microwaves in a rectangular waveguide cavity. Our result of 29,616,950.9+/-0.9 kHz is the most precise measurement of helium 2(3)P fine structure. When compared to precise theory for this interval, this measurement leads to a determination of the fine-structure constant of 1/137.0359864(31).
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Affiliation(s)
- M C George
- Department of Physics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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7
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High Precision Measurements on Helium at 1083 nm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45395-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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8
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Gilles H, Cheron B, Emile O, Bretenaker F, Le Floch A. Rabi-Lorentzian profile of an atomic resonance obtained with Gaussian beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:1175-1178. [PMID: 11178037 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the interaction between atoms and a Gaussian beam changes the Lorentzian resonance into a so-called Rabi-Lorentzian resonance profile. The existence of such profiles is experimentally evidenced in a dark resonance situation for metastable (4) He, in the absence of any external perturbation. A topological mechanism is shown theoretically to account for the measured profiles. We observe a 3% systematic residual with respect to a pure Lorentzian profile, which could play a role in the search of high precision in the measurement of fundamental constants.
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Pachucki K. Improved result for helium 2(3)S1 ionization energy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4561-4564. [PMID: 10990740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A complete calculation of relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects to order malpha(6) on the energy of the 2(3)S1 state in helium is presented. The result, beyond the previously known radiative corrections, amounts to -3.00(1) MHz, and significantly reduces the theoretical uncertainty. The improved theoretical predictions are compared to the best available experimental result for the 2(3)S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pachucki
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Warsaw University, Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
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Castillega J, Livingston D, Sanders A, Shiner D. Precise measurement of the J = 1 to J = 2 fine structure interval in the 2( 3)P state of helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4321-4324. [PMID: 10990676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We measure the J = 1 to J = 2 fine structure interval in the ( 3)2P state of helium to be 2 291 175.9(1.0) kHz. We use laser excitation of an atomic beam along with an integrated electro-optic modulator technique to obtain this result. The result is consistent (2.9+/-3.2 kHz) with what could be considered an earlier version of this experiment but is not in good agreement ( 20+/-5 kHz and 22+/-8 kHz) with the two other precision determinations of this interval. The current theoretical prediction lies between and overlaps the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castillega
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
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Storry CH, George MC, Hessels EA. Precision microwave measurement of the 2 3P1-2 3P2 interval in atomic helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:3274-3277. [PMID: 11019068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The 2 3P1-to- 2 3P2 interval in atomic helium is measured using a thermal beam of metastable helium atoms excited to the 2 3P state using a 1.08-&mgr;m diode laser. The 2 3P1-to- 2 3P2 transition is driven by 2.29-GHz microwaves in a coaxial transmission line. Our result of 2 291 174.0+/-1.4 kHz is the most precise measurement of helium 2 3P fine structure. This measurement plays a key role in obtaining a new value for the fine-structure constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- CH Storry
- Department of Physics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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12
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Zhang T, Drake GW. Corrections to O( alpha 7mc2) fine-structure splittings in helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:4882-4922. [PMID: 9914055 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.4882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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13
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Zhang T, Yan ZC, Drake GW. QED Corrections of O(mc2 alpha 7 ln alpha ) to the Fine Structure Splittings of Helium and He-like Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:1715-1718. [PMID: 10063153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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14
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Zhang T. Corrections to O( alpha 7(ln alpha )mc2) fine-structure splittings and O( alpha 6(ln alpha )mc2) energy levels in helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:1252-1312. [PMID: 9913593 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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15
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Myers EG, Howie DJ, Thompson JK, Silver JD. Hyperfine-Induced 1s2s 1S0-1s2p 3P0 Transition and Fine-Structure Measurement in Heliumlike Nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:4899-4902. [PMID: 10061408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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16
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Zhang T. QED corrections to O( alpha 7mc2) fine-structure splittings in helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:3896-3914. [PMID: 9913352 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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17
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Eikema KS, Ubachs W, Vassen W, Hogervorst W. Precision measurements in helium at 58 nm: Ground state lamb shift and the 1 S-2 P transition isotope shift. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:1216-1219. [PMID: 10061665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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18
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Marin F, Minardi F, Pavone FS, Inguscio M, Drake GWF. Hyperfine structure of the 33 P state of3He and isotope shift for the 23 S-33 P 0 transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01437272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Myers EG, Thompson JK, Gavathas EP, Claussen NR, Silver JD, Howie DJ. Measurement of the 1s2s1S0-1s2p3P1 interval in heliumlike nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3637-3640. [PMID: 10059689 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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20
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Yan ZC, Drake GW. High precision calculation of fine structure splittings in helium and He-like ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:4791-4794. [PMID: 10058600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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21
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Shiner D, Dixson R, Vedantham V. Three-nucleon charge radius: A precise laser determination using 3He. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:3553-3556. [PMID: 10058234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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22
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Kukla KW, Livingston AE, Suleiman J, Berry HG, Dunford RW, Gemmell DS, Kanter EP, Cheng S, Curtis LJ. Fine-structure energies for the 1s2s 3S-1s2p 3P transition in heliumlike Ar16+. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:1905-1917. [PMID: 9911800 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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23
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Zhang T, Drake GW. QED correction of O( alpha 6mc2) to the fine structure splittings of helium and positronium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:4078-4081. [PMID: 10056376 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.4078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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