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Zhang P, Trester J, Ueda K, Han M, Balčiūnas T, Wörner HJ. Time-Resolved Multielectron Coincidence Spectroscopy of Double Auger-Meitner Decay Following Xe 4d Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:083201. [PMID: 38457733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.083201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We introduce time-resolved multielectron coincidence spectroscopy and apply it to the double Auger-Meitner (AM) emission process following xenon 4d photoionization. The photoelectron and AM electron(s) are measured in coincidence by using a magnetic-bottle time-of-flight spectrometer, enabling an unambiguous assignment of the complete cascade pathways involving two AM electron emissions. In the presence of a near-infrared (NIR) laser pulse, the intermediate Xe^{2+*} state embedded in the Xe^{3+} continuum is probed through single NIR photon absorption and the lifetime of this intermediate Xe^{2+*} state is directly obtained as (109±22) fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Zhang
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Trester
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- School Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Meng Han
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Tadas Balčiūnas
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Grychtol P, Rivas DE, Baumann TM, Boll R, De Fanis A, Erk B, Ilchen M, Liu J, Mazza T, Montaño J, Müller J, Music V, Ovcharenko Y, Rennhack N, Rouzé A, Schmidt P, Schulz S, Usenko S, Wagner R, Ziołkowski P, Schlarb H, Grünert J, Kabachnik N, Meyer M. Timing and X-ray pulse characterization at the Small Quantum Systems instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:37429-37442. [PMID: 34808814 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This contribution presents the initial characterization of the pump-probe performance at the Small Quantum Systems (SQS) instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser. It is demonstrated that time-resolved experiments can be performed by measuring the X-ray/optical cross-correlation exploiting the laser-assisted Auger decay in neon. Applying time-of-arrival corrections based on simultaneous spectral encoding measurements allow us to significantly improve the temporal resolution of this experiment. These results pave the way for ultrafast pump-probe investigations of gaseous media at the SQS instrument combining intense and tunable soft X-rays with versatile optical laser capabilities.
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3
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Gope K, Livshits E, Bittner DM, Baer R, Strasser D. Absence of Triplets in Single-Photon Double Ionization of Methanol. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8108-8113. [PMID: 32897727 PMCID: PMC7595352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of data concerning single-photon double ionization of methanol, the spin state of the emitted electron pair has never been determined. Here we present the first evidence that identifies the emitted electron pair spin as overwhelmingly singlet when the dication forms in low-energy configurations. The experimental data show that while the yield of the CH2O+ + H3+ Coulomb explosion channel is abundant, the metastable methanol dication is largely absent. According to high-level ab initio simulations, these facts indicate that photoionization promptly forms singlet dication states, where they quickly decompose through various channels, with significant H3+ yields on the low-lying states. In contrast, if we assume that the initial dication is formed in one of the low-lying triplet states, the ab initio simulations exhibit a metastable dication, contradicting the experimental findings. Comparing the average simulated branching ratios with the experimental data suggests a >3 order of magnitude enhancement of the singlet:triplet ratio compared with their respective 1:3 multiplicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Gope
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ester Livshits
- Fritz
Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dror M. Bittner
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- Fritz
Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Strasser
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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4
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Khokhlova MA, Cooper B, Ueda K, Prince KC, Kolorenč P, Ivanov MY, Averbukh V. Molecular Auger Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:233001. [PMID: 31298870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.233001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce and present a theory of interferometric measurement of a normal Auger decay lifetime in molecules. Molecular Auger interferometry is based on the coherent phase control of Auger dynamics in a two-color (ω/2ω) laser field. We show that, in contrast to atoms, in oriented molecules of certain point groups the relative ω/2ω phase modulates the total ionization yield. A simple analytical formula is derived for the extraction of the lifetimes of Auger-active states from a molecular Auger interferogram, circumventing the need in either high-resolution or attosecond spectroscopy. We demonstrate the principle of the interferometric Auger lifetime measurement using inner-valence decay in CH_{3}F.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khokhlova
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Cooper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, 34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
- Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Swinburne University of Technology, 3122 Hawthorn, Australia
| | - P Kolorenč
- Charles University, Institute of Theoretical Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Yu Ivanov
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - V Averbukh
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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5
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Schoenlein R, Elsaesser T, Holldack K, Huang Z, Kapteyn H, Murnane M, Woerner M. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray sources. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180384. [PMID: 30929633 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over more than a century, X-rays have transformed our understanding of the fundamental structure of matter and have been an indispensable tool for chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and related fields. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray sources operating in the femtosecond to attosecond regimes have opened an important new frontier in X-ray science. These advances now enable: (i) sensitive probing of structural dynamics in matter on the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, (ii) element-specific probing of electronic structure and charge dynamics on fundamental timescales of electronic motion, and (iii) powerful new approaches for unravelling the coupling between electronic and atomic structural dynamics that underpin the properties and function of matter. Most notable is the recent realization of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with numerous new XFEL facilities in operation or under development worldwide. Advances in XFELs are complemented by advances in synchrotron-based and table-top laser-plasma X-ray sources now operating in the femtosecond regime, and laser-based high-order harmonic XUV sources operating in the attosecond regime. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schoenlein
- 1 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 , USA
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- 2 Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Karsten Holldack
- 3 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Zhirong Huang
- 1 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 , USA
| | - Henry Kapteyn
- 4 Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309-0440 , USA
| | - Margaret Murnane
- 4 Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309-0440 , USA
| | - Michael Woerner
- 2 Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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Angle-dependent electron-electron correlation in the single ionization of H 2 in strong laser fields. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14933. [PMID: 30297785 PMCID: PMC6175880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The one-photon ionization and tunneling ionization of H2 exposed to strong XUV and infrared laser pulses are studied by numerically simulating the four-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, which includes two-electron dynamics for arbitrary angle between the molecular axis and the laser polarization direction. In the one-photon single ionization of H2, one electron escapes fast and the other bound electron is not disturbed but remains in coherent superposition of two electronic states of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\bf{H}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}}$$\end{document}H2+. In another case, under the irradiation of strong infrared laser pulses, one electron tunnels through the laser-dressed Coulomb barrier, and the other bound electron has enough time to adapt to the potential of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\bf{H}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}}$$\end{document}H2+ and thus is prone to transfer to the ground electronic state of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\bf{H}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{+}}}$$\end{document}H2+. In the intermediate regime, between the one photon and tunneling regimes, this electron-electron correlation depends strongly on the laser frequency, laser intensity and on the angle between laser polarization and the molecular axis.
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7
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Arrell CA, Ojeda J, Mewes L, Grilj J, Frassetto F, Poletto L, van Mourik F, Chergui M. Laser-Assisted Photoelectric Effect from Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:143001. [PMID: 27740777 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The laser-assisted photoelectric effect from liquid surfaces is reported for the first time. Photoelectrons generated by 35.6 eV radiation from a liquid microjet of water under vacuum are dressed with a ℏω=1.55 eV laser field. The subsequent redistribution of the photoelectron energies consists in the appearance of sidebands shifted by energies equivalent to ℏω, 2ℏω, and 3ℏω. The response has been modeled to the third order and combined with energy-resolved measurements. This result opens the possibility to investigate the dynamics at surfaces of liquid solutions and provide information about the electron emission process from a liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Arrell
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Ojeda
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Mewes
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Grilj
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Frassetto
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F van Mourik
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Ojeda J, Arrell CA, Grilj J, Frassetto F, Mewes L, Zhang H, van Mourik F, Poletto L, Chergui M. Harmonium: A pulse preserving source of monochromatic extreme ultraviolet (30-110 eV) radiation for ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:023602. [PMID: 26798833 PMCID: PMC4711517 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A tuneable repetition rate extreme ultraviolet source (Harmonium) for time resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids is presented. High harmonic generation produces 30-110 eV photons, with fluxes ranging from ∼2 × 10(11) photons/s at 36 eV to ∼2 × 10(8) photons/s at 100 eV. Four different gratings in a time-preserving grating monochromator provide either high energy resolution (0.2 eV) or high temporal resolution (40 fs) between 30 and 110 eV. Laser assisted photoemission was used to measure the temporal response of the system. Vibrational progressions in gas phase water were measured demonstrating the ∼0.2 eV energy resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ojeda
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C A Arrell
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Grilj
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Frassetto
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN) , via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Mewes
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F van Mourik
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN) , via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Chu HH, Yang CH, Liu SC, Wang J. Single-shot temporal envelope measurement of ultrashort extreme-UV pulses by spatially encoded transmission gating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:34082-34092. [PMID: 26832064 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.034082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot ultrashort extreme-UV(EUV) pulse waveform measurement is demonstrated by utilizing strong field ionization of H2 gas for transmission gating. A cross-propagating intense near-IR gate pulse ionizes the EUV absorbing H2 molecules into EUV-non-absorbing H2++ (two protons) and creates a time sweep of transmission encoded spatially across the EUV pulse. The temporal envelope is then retrieved from the lopsided spatial profile of the transmitted pulse. This method not only measures EUV temporal envelope for each single shot, but also determines timing jitter and envelope fluctuation statistically, thus is particularly useful for characterizing low-repetition-rate fluctuating EUV/soft x-ray sources.
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10
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Cooper B, Averbukh V. Single-photon laser-enabled auger spectroscopy for measuring attosecond electron-hole dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:083004. [PMID: 24010436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.083004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose and simulate a new type of attosecond time-resolved spectroscopy of electron-hole dynamics, applicable particularly to ultrafast hole migration. Attosecond ionization in the inner-valence region is followed by a vacuum ultraviolet probe inducing single-photon laser-enabled Auger decay, a one-photon-two-electron transition filling the inner-valence vacancy. The double ionization probability as a function of the attosecond pump-vacuum ultraviolet probe delay captures efficiently the ultrafast inner-valence hole dynamics. Detailed ab initio calculations are presented for inner-valence hole migration in glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette Cooper
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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11
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Lee JD. Model for the attosecond resonant photoemission of copper dichloride: evidence for high-order Fano resonances and a time-domain core-hole clock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:027401. [PMID: 23889440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.027401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a model of the attosecond resonant dynamics of valence electron photoemission and MMM Auger electron emission in copper dichloride. At τ(h)≫1/ω(IR) (where τ(h) is the core-hole relaxation time and ω(IR) is the energy of the infrared probe field), high-order Fano sideband resonances on both sides of the original (zeroth-order) resonance are found in the energy domain on the time scale of τ(h). This is confirmed by a coherent π rotation of the relative phase between the photoelectron and Auger electron at each resonance, due to the subfemtosecond quantum correlation. We also find a core-hole clock, the asymmetry factor q of the first-order Fano sideband resonance, which can directly trace the core-hole relaxation in the time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Korea
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12
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Schütte B, Bauch S, Frühling U, Wieland M, Gensch M, Plönjes E, Gaumnitz T, Azima A, Bonitz M, Drescher M. Evidence for chirped Auger-electron emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:253003. [PMID: 23004594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.253003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Auger decay carries valuable information about the electronic structure and dynamics of atoms, molecules, and solids. Here we furnish evidence that under certain conditions Auger electrons are subject to an energetic chirp. The effect is disclosed in time-resolved streaking experiments on the Xe NOO and Kr MNN Auger decay using extreme-ultraviolet pulses from the free-electron laser in Hamburg as well as from a high-order harmonic laser source. The origin of this effect is found to be an exchange of energy between the Auger electron and an earlier emitted correlated photoelectron. The observed time-dependent spectral modulations are understood within an analytical model and confirmed by extensive computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schütte
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Meyer M, Radcliffe P, Tschentscher T, Costello JT, Cavalieri AL, Grguras I, Maier AR, Kienberger R, Bozek J, Bostedt C, Schorb S, Coffee R, Messerschmidt M, Roedig C, Sistrunk E, Di Mauro LF, Doumy G, Ueda K, Wada S, Düsterer S, Kazansky AK, Kabachnik NM. Angle-resolved electron spectroscopy of laser-assisted Auger decay induced by a few-femtosecond x-ray pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:063007. [PMID: 22401068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.063007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two-color (x-ray+infrared) electron spectroscopy is used for investigating laser-assisted KLL Auger decay following 1s photoionization of atomic Ne with few-femtosecond x-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source. In an angle-resolved experiment, the overall width of the laser-modified Auger-electron spectrum and its structure change significantly as a function of the emission angle. The spectra are characterized by a strong intensity variation of the sidebands revealing a gross structure. This variation is caused, as predicted by theory, by the interference of electrons emitted at different times within the duration of one optical cycle of the infrared dressing laser, which almost coincides with the lifetime of the Ne 1s vacancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Ranitovic P, Tong XM, Hogle CW, Zhou X, Liu Y, Toshima N, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC. Laser-enabled Auger decay in rare-gas atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:053002. [PMID: 21405392 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.053002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In rare-gas atoms, Auger decay in which an inner-valence shell ns hole is filled is not energetically allowed. However, in the presence of a strong laser field, a new laser-enabled Auger decay channel can open up to increase the double-ionization yield. This process is efficient at high laser intensities, where an ns hole can be filled within a few femtoseconds of its creation. This novel laser-enabled Auger decay process is of fundamental importance for controlling electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ranitovic
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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15
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Overstreet KR, Jones RR, Gallagher TF. Phase-dependent electron-ion recombination in a microwave field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:033002. [PMID: 21405270 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.033002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using picosecond laser photoionization of Li in a microwave field we have observed phase-dependent reccombination of the photoelectrons with their parent Li+ ions. Recombination occurs at phases of the microwave field such that energy is removed from the photoelectron in the first microwave cycle after excitation, and there are two maxima in the recombination in each microwave cycle. These observations are consistent with observations made using an attosecond pulse train phase locked to an infrared pulse and with the "simpleman's" model, modified to account for the fact that the photoelectrons are produced in a Coulomb potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Overstreet
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
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16
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Haber LH, Doughty B, Leone‡ SR. Time-resolved photoelectron angular distributions and cross-section ratios of two-colour two-photon above threshold ionization of helium. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.483133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Thomann I, Bahabad A, Liu X, Trebino R, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC. Characterizing isolated attosecond pulses from hollow-core waveguides using multi-cycle driving pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:4611-4633. [PMID: 19293890 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.004611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The generation of attosecond-duration light pulses using the high-order harmonic generation process is a rapidly evolving area of research. In this work, we combine experimental measurements with careful numerical analysis, to demonstrate that even relatively long-duration, 15 fs, carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) unstabilized near-infrared (NIR) pulses can generate isolated attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) pulses by the dynamically-changing phase matching conditions in a hollow-core waveguide geometry. The measurements are made using the laser-assisted photoelectric effect to cross-correlate the EUV pulse with the NIR pulse. A FROG CRAB analysis of the resulting traces (photoelectron signal versus photoelectron energy and EUV-NIR delay) is performed using a generalized projections (GP) algorithm, adapted for a wide-angle photoelectron detection geometry and non-CEP stabilized driving laser pulses. In addition, we performed direct FROG CRAB simulations under the same conditions. Such direct simulations allow more freedom to explore the effect of specific pulse parameters on FROG CRAB traces than is possible using the automated GP retrieval algorithm. Our analysis shows that an isolated pulse with duration of approximately 200 attoseconds can result from CEP unstabilized, high intensity approximately 15 fs multi-cycle driving pulses coupled into a hollow-core waveguide filled with low-pressure Argon gas. These are significantly longer driving pulses than used in other experimental implementations of isolated attosecond pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thomann
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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18
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Shuman ES, Jones RR, Gallagher TF. Multiphoton assisted recombination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:263001. [PMID: 19437638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have observed multiphoton assisted recombination in the presence of a 38.8 GHz microwave field. Stimulated emission of up to ten microwave photons results in energy transfer from continuum electrons, enabling recombination. The maximum electron energy loss is far greater than the 2Up predicted by the standard "simpleman's" model. The data are well reproduced by both an approximate analytic expression and numerical simulations in which the combined Coulomb and radiation fields are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Shuman
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA
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19
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Miaja-Avila L, Saathoff G, Mathias S, Yin J, La-o-vorakiat C, Bauer M, Aeschlimann M, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC. Direct measurement of core-level relaxation dynamics on a surface-adsorbate system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:046101. [PMID: 18764340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.046101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between electronic states in a surface-adsorbate system is fundamental to the understanding of many surface interactions. In this Letter, we present the first direct time-resolved observations of the lifetime of core-excited states of an atom adsorbed onto a surface. By comparing laser-assisted photoemission from a substrate with a delayed Auger decay process from an adsorbate, we measure the lifetime of the 4d(-1) core level of xenon on Pt(111) to be 7.1+/-1.1 fs. This result opens up time-domain measurements of surface dynamics where energy-resolved measurements may provide incomplete information.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Miaja-Avila
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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20
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Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter. Nature 2007; 449:1029-32. [DOI: 10.1038/nature06229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 828] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Young L, Dunford R, Hoehr C, Kanter E, Krässig B, Peterson E, Southworth S, Ederer D, Rudati J, Arms D, Dufresne E, Landahl E. X-ray microprobe of optical strong-field processes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Miaja-Avila L, Lei C, Aeschlimann M, Gland JL, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC, Saathoff G. Laser-assisted photoelectric effect from surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:113604. [PMID: 17025885 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of the laser-assisted photoelectric effect from a solid surface. By illuminating a Pt(111) sample simultaneously with ultrashort 1.6 eV and 42 eV pulses, we observe sidebands in the extreme ultraviolet photoemission spectrum. The magnitude of these sidebands as a function of time delay between the laser and extreme ultraviolet pulses represents a cross-correlation measurement of the extreme ultraviolet pulse. This effect promises to be useful to extend extreme ultraviolet pulse duration measurements to higher photon energies, as well as opening up femtosecond-to-attosecond time-scale electron dynamics in solid and surface-adsorbate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Miaja-Avila
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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23
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Mairesse Y, Gobert O, Breger P, Merdji H, Meynadier P, Monchicourt P, Perdrix M, Salières P, Carré B. High harmonic XUV spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:173903. [PMID: 15904292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.173903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first experimental complete temporal characterization of high-harmonic XUV pulses by spectral phase interferometry, with an all-optical setup. This method allows us to perform single-shot measurements of the harmonic temporal profile and phase, revealing a remarkable shot-to-shot stability. We characterize harmonics generated in argon by a 50 fs 800 nm laser pulse. The 11th harmonic is found to be 22 fs long with a negative chirp rate of -4.8 x 10(27) s(-2). This duration can be reduced to 13 fs by modulating the polarization of the generating laser. The technique is easy to implement and could be routinely used in femtosecond XUV pump-probe experiments with harmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mairesse
- DSM-DRECAM-Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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24
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Oguri K, Nishikawa T, Ozaki T, Nakano H. Sampling measurement of soft-x-ray-pulse shapes by femtosecond sequential ionization of Kr+ in an intense laser field. OPTICS LETTERS 2004; 29:1279-1281. [PMID: 15209271 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose a sampling technique for measuring the shape of ultrashort soft-x-ray pulses. The technique uses the transient state of Kr+ ions that is produced by the femtosecond sequential evolution of Kr ions during optical-field-induced ionization as an ultrafast x-ray-absorption sampling gate. We demonstrate the technique by measuring the pulse shape of the 51st harmonic (15.6 nm) generated by a 100-fs titanium:sapphire laser pulse. The measured pulse duration is 220 fs. Our experimental result confirms that the sequential evolution of Kr+ ions from neutral Kr to Kr2+ is the dominant contribution to the ionization process from the aspect of time-domain measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Oguri
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosoto Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
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25
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Quéré F, Itatani J, Yudin GL, Corkum PB. Attosecond spectral shearing interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:073902. [PMID: 12633228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.073902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that the complete characterization of arbitrarily short isolated attosecond x-ray pulses can be achieved by applying spectral shearing interferometry to photoelectron wave packets. These wave packets are coherently produced through the photoionization of atoms by two time-delayed replicas of the x-ray pulse, and are shifted in energy with respect to each other by simultaneously applying a strong laser field. The x-ray pulse is reconstructed with the algorithm developed for optical pulses, which requires no knowledge of ionization physics. Using a 800-nm shearing field, x-ray pulses shorter than approximately 400 asec can be fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Quéré
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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26
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Drescher M, Hentschel M, Kienberger R, Uiberacker M, Yakovlev V, Scrinzi A, Westerwalbesloh T, Kleineberg U, Heinzmann U, Krausz F. Time-resolved atomic inner-shell spectroscopy. Nature 2002; 419:803-7. [PMID: 12397349 DOI: 10.1038/nature01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2002] [Accepted: 09/20/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic time constants of the relaxation dynamics of core-excited atoms have hitherto been inferred from the linewidths of electronic transitions measured by continuous-wave extreme ultraviolet or X-ray spectroscopy. Here we demonstrate that a laser-based sampling system, consisting of a few-femtosecond visible light pulse and a synchronized sub-femtosecond soft X-ray pulse, allows us to trace these dynamics directly in the time domain with attosecond resolution. We have measured a lifetime of 7.9(-0.9)(+1.0) fs of M-shell vacancies of krypton in such a pump-probe experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drescher
- Institut für Photonik, Technische Universität Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27, A-1040 Wien, Austria.
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27
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Kienberger R, Hentschel M, Uiberacker M, Spielmann C, Kitzler M, Scrinzi A, Wieland M, Westerwalbesloh T, Kleineberg U, Heinzmann U, Drescher M, Krausz F. Steering attosecond electron wave packets with light. Science 2002; 297:1144-8. [PMID: 12114530 DOI: 10.1126/science.1073866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrons excited by extreme ultraviolet or x-ray photons in the presence of a strong laser field generally suffer a spread of their energies due to the absorption and emission of laser photons. We demonstrate that if the emitted electron wave packet is temporally confined to a small fraction of the oscillation period of the interacting light wave, its energy spectrum can be up- or downshifted by many times the laser photon energy without substantial broadening. The light wave can accelerate or decelerate the electron's drift velocity, i.e., steer the electron wave packet like a classical particle. This capability strictly relies on a sub-femtosecond duration of the ionizing x-ray pulse and on its timing to the phase of the light wave with a similar accuracy, offering a simple and potentially single-shot diagnostic tool for attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kienberger
- Institut für Photonik, Technische Universität Wien, Gusshausstr. 27, A-1040 Wien, Austria
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28
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Itatani J, Quéré F, Yudin GL, Ivanov MY, Krausz F, Corkum PB. Attosecond streak camera. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:173903. [PMID: 12005756 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.173903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An electron generated by x-ray photoionization can be deflected by a strong laser field. Its energy and angular distribution depends on the phase of the laser field at the time of ionization. This phase dependence can be used to measure the duration and chirp of single sub100-attosecond x-ray pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Itatani
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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29
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Kitzler M, Milosevic N, Scrinzi A, Krausz F, Brabec T. Quantum theory of attosecond XUV pulse measurement by laser dressed photoionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:173904. [PMID: 12005757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.173904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The first reported measurements of single attosecond pulses use laser dressed single-photon extreme ultraviolet (XUV) ionization of gas atoms. The determination of XUV pulse duration from the electron spectrum is based on a classical theory. Although classical models are known to give a qualitatively correct description of strong laser atom interaction, the validity must be scrutinized by a quantum-mechanical analysis. We establish a theoretical framework for the accurate temporal characterization of attosecond XUV pulses. Our analysis reveals an improved scheme that allows for direct experimental discrimination between single and multiple attosecond pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kitzler
- Institut für Photonik, Technische Universität Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27/387, A-1040 Wien, Austria
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30
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Feurer T, Morak A, Uschmann I, Ziener C, Schwoerer H, Reich C, Gibbon P, Förster E, Sauerbrey R, Ortner K, Becker CR. Femtosecond silicon K alpha pulses from laser-produced plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:016412. [PMID: 11800795 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.016412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2001] [Revised: 08/22/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort bursts of silicon K alpha x-ray radiation from femtosecond-laser-produced plasmas have been generated. A cross-correlation measurement employing a laser-triggered ultrafast structural change of a CdTe crystal layer (320 nm) shows a K alpha pulse duration between 200 fs and 640 fs. This result is corroborated by particle in cell simulations combined with a Monte-Carlo electron stopping code and calculations on the structural changes of the crystal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Feurer
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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31
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Drescher M, Hentschel M, Kienberger R, Tempea G, Spielmann C, Reider GA, Corkum PB, Krausz F. X-ray pulses approaching the attosecond frontier. Science 2001; 291:1923-7. [PMID: 11239146 DOI: 10.1126/science.1058561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Single soft-x-ray pulses of approximately 90-electron volt (eV) photon energy are produced by high-order harmonic generation with 7-femtosecond (fs), 770-nanometer (1.6 eV) laser pulses and are characterized by photoionizing krypton in the presence of the driver laser pulse. By detecting photoelectrons ejected perpendicularly to the laser polarization, broadening of the photoelectron spectrum due to absorption and emission of laser photons is suppressed, permitting the observation of a laser-induced downshift of the energy spectrum with sub-laser-cycle resolution in a cross correlation measurement. We measure isolated x-ray pulses of 1.8 (+0.7/-1.2) fs in duration, which are shorter than the oscillation cycle of the driving laser light (2.6 fs). Our techniques for generation and measurement offer sub-femtosecond resolution over a wide range of x-ray wavelengths, paving the way to experimental attosecond science. Tracing atomic processes evolving faster than the exciting light field is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drescher
- Institut für Photonik, Technische Universität Wien, Gusshausstr. 27, A-1040 Wien, Austria
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32
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Ben-Nun M, Cao J, Wilson KR. Ultrafast X-ray and Electron Diffraction: Theoretical Considerations. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971764c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ben-Nun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0339
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0339
| | - Kent R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0339
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Ráksi F, Wilson KR, Jiang Z, Ikhlef A, Côté CY, Kieffer J. Ultrafast x‐ray absorption probing of a chemical reaction. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Glover TE, Schoenlein RW, Chin AH, Shank CV. Observation of laser assisted photoelectric effect and femtosecond high order harmonic radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:2468-2471. [PMID: 10060707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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35
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Kobayashi Y, Yoshihara O, Nabekawa Y, Kondo K, Watanabe S. Femtosecond measurement of high-order harmonic pulse width and electron recombination time by field ionization. OPTICS LETTERS 1996; 21:417-419. [PMID: 19865424 DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We measured the ultrashort XUV pulse width by the pump-probe method, using femtosecond dynamics of field ionization. We measured the pulse width of the ninth harmonic (88.3 nm) of a Ti:sapphire laser, using the difference of the absorption cross section between Kr and Kr(+). The change of transmission of the ninth harmonic for the delay between the pump and the probe pulses gives both the pulse width of the ninth harmonic and the recombination time of Kr(+). The measured pulse width of the ninth harmonic was 260 fs. The recombination time of Kr(+) was ~2 ps, which does not contradict the estimated time of the threebody recombination.
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36
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Schins JM, Breger P, Agostini P, Constantinescu RC, Muller HG, Grillon G, Antonetti A, Mysyrowicz A. Laser-assisted Auger decay as free-free transitions in a high-intensity laser field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:1272-1278. [PMID: 9912366 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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37
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Véniard V, Taïeb R, Maquet A. Two-color multiphoton ionization of atoms using high-order harmonic radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:4161-4164. [PMID: 10058431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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38
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Blanc SP, Qi Z, Sauerbrey R. Femtosecond vacuum-ultraviolet pulse measurement by field-ionization dynamics. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:312-314. [PMID: 19859171 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three techniques are demonstrated for measuring femtosecond pulses from the deep vacuum ultraviolet to the visible based on the ionization dynamics of optical-field-ionized plasmas. A probe pulse propagates through a plasma generated by an intense femtosecond KrF excimer laser pump pulse. Ionization-induced defocussing or collisional absorption yield a cross-correlation measurement of the probe pulse. Ionization-induced spectral blue shifting of the probe can give an upper limit for the probe pulse duration.
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