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Jin C, Riegler H. Hole-initiated melting process of thin films. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2895259. [PMID: 37290088 DOI: 10.1063/5.0151788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We perform numerical and experimental studies on the melting process of thin films initiated by a small hole in the continuum regime. The presence of a nontrivial capillary surface, namely the liquid/air interface, leads to a few counterintuitive results: (1) The melting point is elevated if the film surface is partially wettable, even with a small contact angle. (2) For a film that is finite in size, melting may prefer to start from the outer boundary rather than a hole inside. (3) More complex melting scenarios may arise, including morphology transitions and the "de facto" melting point being a range instead of a single value. These are verified by experiments on melting alkane films between silica and air. This work continues a series of investigations on the capillary aspects of melting. Both our model and analysis approach can be easily generalized to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jin
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Hans Riegler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Maeda N. Brief Overview of Ice Nucleation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020392. [PMID: 33451150 PMCID: PMC7828621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleation of ice is vital in cloud physics and impacts on a broad range of matters from the cryopreservation of food, tissues, organs, and stem cells to the prevention of icing on aircraft wings, bridge cables, wind turbines, and other structures. Ice nucleation thus has broad implications in medicine, food engineering, mineralogy, biology, and other fields. Nowadays, the growing threat of global warming has led to intense research activities on the feasibility of artificially modifying clouds to shift the Earth’s radiation balance. For these reasons, nucleation of ice has been extensively studied over many decades and rightfully so. It is thus not quite possible to cover the whole subject of ice nucleation in a single review. Rather, this feature article provides a brief overview of ice nucleation that focuses on several major outstanding fundamental issues. The author’s wish is to aid early researchers in ice nucleation and those who wish to get into the field of ice nucleation from other disciplines by concisely summarizing the outstanding issues in this important field. Two unresolved challenges stood out from the review, namely the lack of a molecular-level picture of ice nucleation at an interface and the limitations of classical nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Maeda
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, 7-207 Donadeo ICE, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G1H9, Canada
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Nowak D, Christenson HK. Capillary condensation of water between mica surfaces above and below zero-effect of surface ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9908-9912. [PMID: 19705887 DOI: 10.1021/la901070m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the capillary condensation of water from saturated vapor below 0 degrees C in the annular wedge-pore formed around two mica surfaces in contact in a surface force apparatus. The condensed water remains liquid down to at least -9 degrees C, and the measured condensate size is close to the predictions of a recent model for the dependence of the interfacial curvature of supercooled capillary condensates on temperature and surface tension. The small deviation observed may be accounted for by assuming that solute as K(2)CO(3) from the mica-condensate interface dissolves in the condensates and gives rise to an additional depression of the freezing point apart from that caused by the interface curvature. By contrast, measurements of the interface curvature at relative vapor pressures of 0.95-0.99 at 20 degrees C confirm a significantly larger deviation from the Kelvin equation. The magnitude of the deviation is in remarkable agreement with that calculated from the results of an earlier study of capillary condensation of water from a nonpolar liquid, also at T = 20 degrees C. Evidently, additional solute from the surrounding mica surface migrates into the condensates at room temperature. We conclude that the surface diffusion of ions on mica is much slower at subzero temperatures than at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Nowak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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DOMINGUEZ H, ALLEN MP, EVANS R. Monte Carlo studies of the freezing and condensation transitions of confined fluids. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979909482954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. DOMINGUEZ
- a H H Wills Physics Laboratory , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TL , UK
| | - M. P. ALLEN
- a H H Wills Physics Laboratory , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TL , UK
| | - R. EVANS
- a H H Wills Physics Laboratory , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TL , UK
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Nowak D, Heuberger M, Zäch M, Christenson HK. Thermodynamic and kinetic supercooling of liquid in a wedge pore. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:154509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2996293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Christenson HK. Phase Behavior in Confinement Studied with a Surface Force Apparatus. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690600662679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang SO, Kleehammer DM, Huo Z, Sloan ED, Miller KT. Temperature dependence of particle–particle adherence forces in ice and clathrate hydrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 277:335-41. [PMID: 15341844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2003] [Accepted: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Particle-particle pulloff adherence forces were measured as a function of temperature in the ice/n-decane/ice and tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate/n-decane/THF hydrate systems using a newly developed micromechanical testing technique. Experiments using approximately 200 microm radius particles were performed at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 263-275 K. The ice and hydrate particles displayed very similar behavior. While the measured adherence forces had significant variation, the shapes of the cumulative force distribution curves were similar among the different sets of experiments. The measured adherence forces distributions shifted to lower force values as the temperature was decreased from the solid melting temperature. The observed forces and trends were explained by the capillary cohesion of rough surfaces, with the capillary bridging liquid being stabilized below its freezing point by the negative curvature of the bridging liquid/n-decane interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-oh Yang
- Center for Research on Hydrates and Other Solids and Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401, USA
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Drummond C, Alcantar N, Israelachvili J. Shear alignment of confined hydrocarbon liquid films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:011705. [PMID: 12241373 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.011705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Shear-induced structural reordering in thin liquid films of the linear saturated alkane n-eicosane (C20H42) was investigated using a surface forces apparatus and freeze-fracture (atomic force) microscopy (AFM). By rapidly freezing a shearing film followed by splitting (cleaving) the films from the confining mica substrate surfaces, it was possible to obtain AFM images of the structures of the films during steady-state sliding, revealing striped domains approximately 2 A in height and a few nanometer wide whose structure depends on the sliding velocity and, most likely, also on the sliding distance and time. In contrast, confined but unsheared films yielded completely featureless images. To the best of our knowledge, the results are the first direct experimental measurement of shear-induced ordering in nano-confined films resulting in layering and domain formation, but any molecular-level alignment, if present, could not be established.
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Maeda N, Kohonen MM, Christenson HK. Phase Behavior of Long-Chain n-Alkanes at One and between Two Mica Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Maeda
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Mika M. Kohonen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Hugo K. Christenson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Qiao Y, Christenson HK. Direct observation of capillary condensation of a solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:3807-3810. [PMID: 11329329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe the direct condensation of a solid from vapor in an annular mica wedge. Neo-pentanol initially condenses as a liquid from 8 to 57 degrees C (the melting point T(m)), followed by nucleation of a solid from vapor for T<45 degrees C. Menthol (T(m) = 42 degrees C) gives only liquid condensates down to 12 degrees C. The adsorbed films of neo-pentanol, which unlike those of menthol show layering transitions, and the disordered crystalline phase of bulk neo-pentanol appear to facilitate condensation of the solid phase. There is evidence for a change in the nature of the solid neo-pentanol condensate with T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qiao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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Maeda N, Kohonen MM, Christenson HK. Phase transition of n-alkane layers adsorbed on mica. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 61:7239-42. [PMID: 11088429 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/1999] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin (thickness h approximately 3 nm) films of n-octadecane and n-hexadecane adsorbed on mica surfaces from vapor close to their bulk melting points (T(m)) have been studied in a surface force apparatus. Using data on the growth rate of capillary condensates between the mica surfaces in contact and measurements of h, we have identified a transition in the structure of the adsorbed films a few degrees above T(m). As T decreases the alkane layers appear to undergo a transition to a more ordered structure, akin to the postulated "surface freezing" of long-chain liquid n-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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Maeda N, Christenson HK. Direct observation of surface effects on the freezing and melting of an n-alkane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(99)00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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González A, White JA, Román FL, Evans R. How the structure of a confined fluid depends on the ensemble: Hard spheres in a spherical cavity. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wettlaufer JS, Worster MG, Wilen LA. Premelting Dynamics: Geometry and Interactions. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9632201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Wettlaufer
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Box 355640, and Department of Physics, Box 351560, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England
| | - M. G. Worster
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Box 355640, and Department of Physics, Box 351560, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England
| | - L. A. Wilen
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Box 355640, and Department of Physics, Box 351560, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England
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MacKenzie AR. Are the (Solid−Liquid) Kelvin Equation and the Theory of Interfacial Tension Components Commensurate? J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962176m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. MacKenzie
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
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Schindler M, Dertinger A, Kondo Y, Pobell F. Hydrogen in porous Vycor glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:11451-11461. [PMID: 9982763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.11451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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