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Tay F, Lin X, Shi X, Chen H, Kaminer I, Zhang B. Bulk-Plasmon-Mediated Free-Electron Radiation Beyond the Conventional Formation Time. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300760. [PMID: 37127889 PMCID: PMC10369295 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron radiation is a fundamental photon emission process that is induced by fast-moving electrons interacting with optical media. Historically, it has been understood that, just like any other photon emission process, free-electron radiation must be constrained within a finite time interval known as the "formation time," whose concept is applicable to both Cherenkov radiation and transition radiation, the two basic mechanisms describing radiation from a bulk medium and from an interface, respectively. Here, this work reveals an alternative mechanism of free-electron radiation far beyond the previously defined formation time. It occurs when a fast electron crosses the interface between vacuum and a plasmonic medium supporting bulk plasmons. While emitted continuously from the crossing point on the interface-thus consistent with the features of transition radiation-the extra radiation beyond the conventional formation time is supported by a long tail of bulk plasmons following the electron's trajectory deep into the plasmonic medium. Such a plasmonic tail mixes surface and bulk effects, and provides a sustained channel for electron-interface interaction. These results also settle the historical debate in Ferrell radiation, regarding whether it is a surface or bulk effect, from transition radiation or plasmonic oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Tay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiao Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, the Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Xihang Shi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, the Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Andersen KK, Andersen SL, Esberg J, Knudsen H, Mikkelsen R, Uggerhøj UI, Sona P, Mangiarotti A, Ketel TJ, Ballestrero S. Direct measurement of the formation length of photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:071802. [PMID: 22401193 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of a shoulder in the radiation spectrum from GeV electrons in a structured target consisting of two thin and closely spaced foils. The position of the shoulder depends on the target spacing and is directly connected to the finite formation length of a low-energy photon emitted by an ultrarelativistic electron. With the present setup it is possible to control the separation of the foils on a μm scale and hence measure interference effects caused by the macroscopic dimensions of the formation length. Several theoretical groups have predicted this effect using different methods. Our observations have a preference for the modified theory by Blankenbecler but disagree with the results of Baier and Katkov.
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Hansen HD, Uggerhøj UI, Biino C, Ballestrero S, Mangiarotti A, Sona P, Ketel TJ, Vilakazi ZZ. Is the electron radiation length constant at high energies? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:014801. [PMID: 12906543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Experimental results for the radiative energy loss of 149, 207, and 287 GeV electrons in a thin Ir target are presented. From the data we conclude that at high energies the radiation length increases in accordance with the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) theory and thus electrons become more penetrating the higher the energy. The increase of the radiation length as a result of the LPM effect has a significant impact on the behavior of high-energy electromagnetic showers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Hansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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Baier VN, Katkov VM. Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect and transition radiation in structured targets. Int J Clin Exp Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.60.076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Blankenbecler R, Drell SD. Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect for finite targets. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 53:6265-6281. [PMID: 10019914 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Anthony PL, Becker-Szendy R, Bosted PE, Cavalli-Sforza M, Keller LP, Kelley LA, Klein SR, Niemi G, Perl ML, Rochester LS, White JL. Measurement of dielectric suppression of bremsstrahlung. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:3550-3553. [PMID: 10060996 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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