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Westermayr J, Marquetand P. Machine Learning for Electronically Excited States of Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9873-9926. [PMID: 33211478 PMCID: PMC8391943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electronically excited states of molecules are at the heart of photochemistry, photophysics, as well as photobiology and also play a role in material science. Their theoretical description requires highly accurate quantum chemical calculations, which are computationally expensive. In this review, we focus on not only how machine learning is employed to speed up such excited-state simulations but also how this branch of artificial intelligence can be used to advance this exciting research field in all its aspects. Discussed applications of machine learning for excited states include excited-state dynamics simulations, static calculations of absorption spectra, as well as many others. In order to put these studies into context, we discuss the promises and pitfalls of the involved machine learning techniques. Since the latter are mostly based on quantum chemistry calculations, we also provide a short introduction into excited-state electronic structure methods and approaches for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations and describe tricks and problems when using them in machine learning for excited states of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Westermayr
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Data
Science @ Uni Vienna, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Electronically excited states of molecules are at the heart of photochemistry, photophysics, as well as photobiology and also play a role in material science. Their theoretical description requires highly accurate quantum chemical calculations, which are computationally expensive. In this review, we focus on not only how machine learning is employed to speed up such excited-state simulations but also how this branch of artificial intelligence can be used to advance this exciting research field in all its aspects. Discussed applications of machine learning for excited states include excited-state dynamics simulations, static calculations of absorption spectra, as well as many others. In order to put these studies into context, we discuss the promises and pitfalls of the involved machine learning techniques. Since the latter are mostly based on quantum chemistry calculations, we also provide a short introduction into excited-state electronic structure methods and approaches for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations and describe tricks and problems when using them in machine learning for excited states of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Westermayr
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Data Science @ Uni Vienna, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Westermayr J, Marquetand P. Machine learning and excited-state molecular dynamics. MACHINE LEARNING-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ab9c3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Katsuki H, Ohmori K. Simultaneous manipulation and observation of multiple ro-vibrational eigenstates in solid para-hydrogen. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124316. [PMID: 27782629 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have experimentally performed the coherent control of delocalized ro-vibrational wave packets (RVWs) of solid para-hydrogen (p-H2) by the wave packet interferometry (WPI) combined with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). RVWs of solid p-H2 are delocalized in the crystal, and the wave function with wave vector k ∼ 0 is selectively excited via the stimulated Raman process. We have excited the RVW twice by a pair of femtosecond laser pulses with delay controlled by a stabilized Michelson interferometer. Using a broad-band laser pulse, multiple ro-vibrational states can be excited simultaneously. We have observed the time-dependent Ramsey fringe spectra as a function of the inter-pulse delay by a spectrally resolved CARS technique using a narrow-band probe pulse, resolving the different intermediate states. Due to the different fringe oscillation periods among those intermediate states, we can manipulate their amplitude ratio by tuning the inter-pulse delay on the sub-femtosecond time scale. The state-selective manipulation and detection of the CARS signal combined with the WPI is a general and efficient protocol for the control of the interference of multiple quantum states in various quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Somma C, Folpini G, Reimann K, Woerner M, Elsaesser T. Two-Phonon Quantum Coherences in Indium Antimonide Studied by Nonlinear Two-Dimensional Terahertz Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:177401. [PMID: 27176538 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.177401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of two-phonon quantum coherences in a semiconductor. Two-dimensional terahertz (THz) spectra recorded with a sequence of three THz pulses display strong two-phonon signals, clearly distinguished from signals due to interband two-photon absorption and electron tunneling. The two-phonon coherences originate from impulsive off-resonant excitation in the nonperturbative regime of light-matter interaction. A theoretical analysis provides the relevant Liouville pathways, showing that nonlinear interactions using the large interband dipole moment generate stronger two-phonon excitations than linear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Somma
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulia Folpini
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Reimann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Huynh A, Perrin B, Lemaître A. Semiconductor superlattices: a tool for terahertz acoustics. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:66-79. [PMID: 25163800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The properties of optical to acoustic transduction of semiconductor superlattices have been explored for several years in the sub terahertz frequency range. Using femtosecond laser pulses focused on these structures, acoustic modes are excited with a frequency related to the periodicity of the structure stacking. We have shown that these acoustic waves can be extracted and can propagate in the underlying substrate. We study superlattices ability to be quasi monochromatic generators. On the other hand, superlattices have been found to be very sensitive and selective detectors. We present a set of experimental results concerning the generation, propagation over large distances and detection of acoustic waves at high frequencies, up to the challenging 1 THz by picosecond ultrasonics experiments in transmission geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huynh
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - B Perrin
- CNRS, UMR 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Lemaître
- CNRS, UPR 20, Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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Capua A, Karni O, Eisenstein G, Sichkovskyi V, Ivanov V, Reithmaier JP. Coherent control in a semiconductor optical amplifier operating at room temperature. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5025. [PMID: 25242121 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum decoherence times in semiconductors are extremely short, particularly at room temperature where the quantum phase is completely erased in a fraction of a picosecond. However, they are still of finite duration during which the quantum phase is well defined and can be tailored. Recently, we demonstrated that quantum coherent phenomena can be easily accessed by examining the phase and amplitude of an optical pulse following propagation along a room temperature semiconductor optical amplifier. Taking the form of Rabi oscillations, these recent observations enabled to decipher the time evolution of the ensemble states. Here we demonstrate the Ramsey analogous experiment known as coherent control. Remarkably, coherent control occurs even under room temperature conditions and enables to directly resolve the dephasing times. These results may open a new way for the realization of room temperature semiconductor-based ultra-high speed quantum processors with all the advantages of upscaling and low-cost manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Capua
- Electrical Engineering Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - O Karni
- Electrical Engineering Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - G Eisenstein
- Electrical Engineering Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - V Sichkovskyi
- Technische Physik, Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics, CINSaT, University Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - V Ivanov
- Technische Physik, Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics, CINSaT, University Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - J P Reithmaier
- Technische Physik, Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics, CINSaT, University Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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Li B, Xu Y, An L, Lin Q, Zhu H, Lin F, Li Y. Quantum focusing and coherent control of nonresonant two-photon absorption in frequency domain. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:2443-2446. [PMID: 24979014 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.002443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the nonresonant two-photon absorption (TPA) process in a two-level atom induced by a weak chirped pulse in the frequency domain. According to the extremum condition of the two-photon transition probability (TPTP) at the transition center frequency, we propose a Fresnel-inspired pulse tailoring scheme for TPA that is significantly different from that of Broers et al. [Phys. Rev. A46, 2749 (1992)]. Using this scheme, the TPTP can be focused or eliminated completely by constructively or destructively modulating various pathways of the quantum interference. Our results are a significant improvement on those obtained by Broers et al. and will have potential applications in selective two-photon microscopy and spectroscopy.
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9
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Measuring quantum coherence in bulk solids using dual phase-locked optical pulses. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4456. [PMID: 24662682 PMCID: PMC3964516 DOI: 10.1038/srep04456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic and phonon coherence are usually measured in different ways because their time-scales are very different. In this paper we simultaneously measure the electronic and phonon coherence using the interference of the electron-phonon correlated states induced by two phase-locked optical pulses. Interferometric visibility showed that electronic coherence remained in a semiconducting GaAs crystal until ~40 fs; in contrast, electronic coherence disappeared within 10 fs in a semimetallic Bi crystal at room temperature, differing substantially from the long damping time of its phonon coherence, in the picosecond range.
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Bredtmann T, Katsuki H, Manz J, Ohmori K, Stemmle C. Wavepacket interferometry for nuclear densities and flux densities. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.780103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Bredtmann
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Katsuki
- b Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , Japan
| | - Jörn Manz
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
- c Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , People’s Republic of China
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- d Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Okazaki , Japan
- e CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Christian Stemmle
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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11
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Di Stefano O, Ridolfo A, Portolan S, Savasta S. Test of the all-optical control of wave-particle duality of cavity photons by ordinary photodetection. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:4509-4511. [PMID: 22139225 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.004509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The principle of complementarity refers to the ability of quantum entities to behave as particles or waves under different experimental conditions. We present a proposal for the experimental observation of the ultrafast all-optical control of the wave-particle duality of light. The device is constituted by a three-level quantum emitter strongly coupled to a microcavity (MC) and can be realized by exploiting a great variety of systems, ranging from atomic physics and semiconductor quantum dots to intersubband polaritons and Cooper pair boxes. The wavelike or particlelike behavior of MC photons can be probed by simply measuring the cavity output photon rate after excitation with pairs of phase-locked weak pulses with precise arrival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Fisica della Materia e Ingegneria Elettronica, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d’Alcontres 1, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
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12
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Ferrera M, Park Y, Razzari L, Little BE, Chu ST, Morandotti R, Moss DJ, Azaña J. All-optical 1st and 2nd order integration on a chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:23153-23161. [PMID: 22109195 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.023153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate all-optical temporal integration of arbitrary optical waveforms with temporal features as short as ~1.9ps. By using a four-port micro-ring resonator based on CMOS compatible doped glass technology we perform the 1st- and 2nd-order cumulative time integral of optical signals over a bandwidth that exceeds 400GHz. This device has applications for a wide range of ultra-fast data processing and pulse shaping functions as well as in the field of optical computing for the real-time analysis of differential equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ferrera
- INRS - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Blvd Lionel Boulet, Varennes (Québec), J3X1S2, Canada.
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13
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Singha S, Hu Z, Gordon RJ. Closed loop coherent control of electronic transitions in gallium arsenide. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6093-101. [PMID: 21338157 DOI: 10.1021/jp110869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A genetic algorithm was used to control the photoluminesce-nce (PL) from GaAs(100). A spatial light modulator (SLM) used feedback from the emission to optimize the spectral phase profile of an ultrashort laser pulse. Most of the experiments were performed using a sine phase function to optimize the integrated PL spectrum over a specified wavelength range, with the amplitude and period of the phase function treated as genetic parameters. An order of magnitude increase in signal was achieved after only one generation, and an optimized waveform, consisting of three equally spaced pulses approximately 0.8 ps apart, was obtained after 15 generations. The effects of fluence, polarization, relative phase of the subpulses, and spectral range of the optimized PL were investigated. In addition, preliminary experiments were performed using the phases of individual pixels of the SLM as genetic variables. The PL spectrum is identified with recombination of electron-hole pairs in the L-valley of the Brillouin zone. Control is achieved by coherent manipulation of plasma electrons. It is proposed that hot electrons excite lattice phonons, which in turn scatter carriers into the L-valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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14
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Yamaguchi K, Nakajima M, Suemoto T. Coherent control of spin precession motion with impulsive magnetic fields of half-cycle terahertz radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:237201. [PMID: 21231498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.237201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control of the precession motion of magnetizations in a single crystal YFeO3 with double half-cycle pulse terahertz waves was demonstrated. Quasiferromagnetic (0.299 THz) and quasiantiferromagnetic (0.527 THz) precession modes were selectively excited by choosing an appropriate interval of two pulses and were observed as free induction decay (FID) signals from the spin system. By observing the circularly polarized FID signals due to ferromagnetic resonance, we also succeeded in confirming directly the energy storage in the spin system and recovery from that to the electromagnetic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamaguchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Lupton JM, McCamey DR, Boehme C. Coherent Spin Manipulation in Molecular Semiconductors: Getting a Handle on Organic Spintronics. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3040-58. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Adachi S, Ozawa A, Kobayashi T. Carrier-envelope phase-locked pump–probe experiment for independent phase/delay manipulation. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Versluis JH, Kimel AV, Gridnev VN, Yakovlev DR, Karczewski G, Wojtowicz T, Kossut J, Kirilyuk A, Rasing T. Coherence-mediated laser control of exciton and trion spins in CdTe/CdMgTe quantum wells studied by the magneto-optical Kerr effect. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:115801. [PMID: 21389474 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/11/115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two temporally non-overlapping linearly cross-polarized 140 fs laser pulses are shown to control the spin polarization in a three-level system. Simultaneous excitation of the two excited states triggers quantum beatings originating from the interference of the wavefunctions corresponding to different spin sublevels of the states. Although the beatings are not seen in the spin densities of the excited states they are clearly observed in the magneto-optical Kerr effect. An analytical expression for the description of the beatings is obtained. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and demonstrate the control of beatings with attosecond resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Versluis
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Utikal T, Stockman MI, Heberle AP, Lippitz M, Giessen H. All-optical control of the ultrafast dynamics of a hybrid plasmonic system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:113903. [PMID: 20366478 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate complete all-optical and phase-stable control of the linear optical polarization and the nonlinear coherent response (third-harmonic generation) of a hybrid nanoplasmonic-photonic system. A few tens of femtoseconds after the excitation, we turn the response on and off at any given point in time and probe its temporal evolution throughout the control process with a three-pulse nonlinear optical technique. After being switched off, the polarization and the nonlinear radiation remain off permanently. All experiments agree well with numerical simulations based on a damped harmonic oscillator model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Utikal
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
This review summarizes progress in coherent control as well as relevant recent achievements, highlighting, among several different schemes of coherent control, wave-packet interferometry (WPI). WPI is a fundamental and versatile scenario used to control a variety of quantum systems with a sequence of short laser pulses whose relative phase is finely adjusted to control the interference of electronic or nuclear wave packets (WPs). It is also useful in retrieving quantum information such as the amplitudes and phases of eigenfunctions superposed to generate a WP. Experimental and theoretical efforts to retrieve both the amplitude and phase information are recounted. This review also discusses information processing based on the eigenfunctions of atoms and molecules as one of the modern and future applications of coherent control. The ultrafast coherent control of ultracold atoms and molecules and the coherent control of complex systems are briefly discussed as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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20
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Golan B, Fradkin Z, Kopnov G, Oron D, Naaman R. Controlling two-photon photoemission using polarization pulse shaping. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:064705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3077123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Wiederhecker GS, Brenn A, Fragnito HL, Russell PSJ. Coherent control of ultrahigh-frequency acoustic resonances in photonic crystal fibers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:203903. [PMID: 18518538 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.203903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh frequency acoustic resonances (approximately 2 GHz) trapped within the glass core (approximately 1 microm diameter) of a photonic crystal fiber are selectively excited through electrostriction using laser pulses of duration 100 ps and energy 500 pJ. Using precisely timed sequences of such driving pulses, we achieve coherent control of the acoustic resonances by constructive or destructive interference, demonstrating both enhancement and suppression of the vibrations. A sequence of 27 resonantly-timed pulses provides a 100-fold increase in the amplitude of the vibrational mode. The results are explained and interpreted using a semianalytical theory, and supported by precise numerical simulations of the complex light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Wiederhecker
- Max-Planck Research Group (IOIP), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Guenther-Scharowsky Str. 1/Bau 24, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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Ohmori K. Development of ultrahigh-precision coherent control and its applications. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2008; 84:167-75. [PMID: 18941296 PMCID: PMC3665367 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.84.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control is based on optical manipulation of the amplitudes and phases of wave functions. It is expected to be a key technique to develop novel quantum technologies such as bond-selective chemistry and quantum computing, and to better understand the quantum worldview founded on wave-particle duality. We have developed high-precision coherent control by imprinting optical amplitudes and phases of ultrashort laser pulses on the quantum amplitudes and phases of molecular wave functions. The history and perspective of coherent control and our recent achievements are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
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23
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Leyder C, Liew TCH, Kavokin AV, Shelykh IA, Romanelli M, Karr JP, Giacobino E, Bramati A. Interference of coherent polariton beams in microcavities: polarization-controlled optical gates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:196402. [PMID: 18233093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.196402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, a polarization-controlled optical gate based on a degenerate polariton-polariton scattering process occurring in semiconductor microcavities. Because of the interference between coherent polaritons, this process is observed in the case of polaritons generated from two collinearly polarized coherent pump beams. On the contrary, if the beams are cross polarized, the scattering is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leyder
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Paris 6, Ecole Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Gühr M, Bargheer M, Fushitani M, Kiljunen T, Schwentner N. Ultrafast dynamics of halogens in rare gas solids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:779-801. [PMID: 17287873 DOI: 10.1039/b609058n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We perform time resolved pump-probe spectroscopy on small halogen molecules ClF, Cl2, Br2, and I2 embedded in rare gas solids (RGS). We find that dissociation, angular depolarization, and the decoherence of the molecule is strongly influenced by the cage structure. The well ordered crystalline environment facilitates the modelling of the experimental angular distribution of the molecular axis after the collision with the rare gas cage. The observation of many subsequent vibrational wave packet oscillations allows the construction of anharmonic potentials and indicate a long vibrational coherence time. We control the vibrational wave packet revivals, thereby gaining information about the vibrational decoherence. The coherence times are remarkable larger when compared to the liquid or high pressure gas phase. This fact is attributed to the highly symmetric molecular environment of the RGS. The decoherence and energy relaxation data agree well with a perturbative model for moderate vibrational excitation and follow a classical model in the strong excitation limit. Furthermore, a wave packet interferometry scheme is applied to deduce electronic coherence times. The positions of those cage atoms, excited by the molecular electronic transitions are modulated by long living coherent phonons of the RGS, which we can probe via the molecular charge transfer states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gühr
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Wollenhaupt M, Präkelt A, Sarpe-Tudoran C, Liese D, Baumert T. Strong field quantum control by selective population of dressed states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4266/7/10/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Kubo A, Onda K, Petek H, Sun Z, Jung YS, Kim HK. Femtosecond imaging of surface plasmon dynamics in a nanostructured silver film. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:1123-7. [PMID: 15943454 DOI: 10.1021/nl0506655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light interacting with nanostructured metals excites the collective charge density fluctuations known as surface plasmons (SP). Through excitation of the localized SP eigenmodes incident light is trapped on the nanometer spatial and femtosecond temporal scales and its field is enhanced. Here we demonstrate the imaging and quantum control of SP dynamics in a nanostructured silver film. By inducing and imaging the nonlinear two-photon photoemission from the sample with a pair of identical 10-fs laser pulses while scanning the pulse delay, we record a movie of SP fields at a rate of 330-attoseconds/frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kubo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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27
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Xu H, Zeng H. Optical selectivity in optically dense media driven by optimized Gaussian-type ultrashort pulse pairs. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:1198-200. [PMID: 15943308 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate that selective resonant excitation can be achieved in a dense collection of V-type three-level atoms by optimizing the pulse delay and peak intensity ratio of an applied phase-tailored ultrashort pulse pair. Near-dipole-dipole interaction plays an important role in the quantum control of selective excitations since it brings about an intrinsic frequency shift in the atomic resonance, which builds up various excitation pathways. As a consequence, we can control the quantum interference between various pathways by shaping the excitation pulse pair to steer the atomic excitation selectively toward a desired quantum state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optical and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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28
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Wollenhaupt M, Engel V, Baumert T. FEMTOSECOND LASER PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY ON ATOMS AND SMALL MOLECULES: Prototype Studies in Quantum Control. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2005; 56:25-56. [PMID: 15796695 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.56.092503.141315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
▪ Abstract We review prototype studies in the area of quantum control with femtosecond lasers. We restrict this discussion to atoms and diatomics under gas-phase collision-free conditions to allow for a comparison between theory and experiment. Both the perturbative regime and the nonperturbative regime of the light-matter interaction are addressed. To that end, atomic/molecular beam techniques are combined together with femtosecond laser techniques and energy-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ion detection. Highly detailed information on the laser-induced quantum dynamics is extracted with the help of kinetic energy-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wollenhaupt
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany.
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29
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Yabushita A, Fuji T, Kobayashi T. Nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses in cyanine dye solution investigated by SHG FROG. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Flissikowski T, Betke A, Akimov IA, Henneberger F. Two-photon coherent control of a single quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:227401. [PMID: 15245258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.227401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on two-photon coherent control of the biexciton state in single Stranski-Krastanov CdSe quantum dots. Clear interference patterns are observed at twice the optical frequency. The decay of the interference contrast is nonexponential and caused by a dynamical inhomogeneous broadening of the energy levels due to long-term fluctuations in the dot environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Flissikowski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Sato SI, Nishimura Y, Sakata Y, Yamazaki I. Coherent Control of Oscillatory Excitation Transfer in Dithia-1,5[3,3]anthracenophane by a Phase-Locked Femtosecond Pulse Pair. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Sato
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan, and The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihoga-oka Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan, and The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihoga-oka Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Sakata
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan, and The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihoga-oka Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Iwao Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan, and The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihoga-oka Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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32
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Kundermann S, Saba M, Ciuti C, Guillet T, Oesterle U, Staehli JL, Deveaud B. Coherent control of polariton parametric scattering in semiconductor microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:107402. [PMID: 14525503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In a pump-probe experiment, we have been able to control, with phase-locked probe pulses, the ultrafast nonlinear optical emission of a semiconductor microcavity, arising from polariton parametric amplification. This evidences the coherence of the polariton population near k=0, even for delays much longer than the pulse width. The control of a large population at k=0 is possible although the probe pulses are much weaker than the large polarization they control. With rising pump power the dynamics of the scattering get faster. Just above threshold the parametric scattering process shows unexpected long coherence times, whereas when pump power is risen the contrast decays due to a significant pump reservoir depletion. The weak pulses at normal incidence control the whole angular emission pattern of the microcavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kundermann
- Institut de Photonique et d'Electronique Quantiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Abstract
The simplest two-dimensional (2D) spectra show how excitation with one (variable) frequency affects the spectrum at all other frequencies, thus revealing the molecular connections between transitions. Femtosecond 2D Fourier transform (2D FT) spectra are more flexible and share some of the remarkable properties of their conceptual parent, 2D FT nuclear magnetic resonance. When 2D FT spectra are experimentally separated into real absorptive and imaginary refractive parts, the time resolution and frequency resolution can both reach the uncertainty limit set for each resonance by the sample itself. Coherent four-level contributions to the signal provide new molecular phase information, such as relative signs of transition dipoles. The nonlinear response can be picked apart by selecting a single coherence pathway (e.g., specifying the relative signs of energy level difference frequencies during different time intervals as in the photon echo). Because molecules are frozen on the femtosecond timescale, femtosecond 2D FT experiments can separate a distribution of instantaneous molecular environments and intramolecular geometries as inhomogeneous broadening. This review provides an introduction to two-dimensional Fourier transform experiments exploiting second- and third-order vibrational and electronic nonlinearities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Jonas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA.
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34
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Netz R, Nazarkin A, Sauerbrey R. Observation of selectivity of coherent population transfer induced by optical interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:063001. [PMID: 12633290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A fs time-resolved selective control of multilevel systems using superposition of two identical, frequency-chirped fields is proposed and demonstrated. By adjusting the delay between the pulses, a selected transition of the Rb doublet was brought into the "holes" of the interference pattern and remained nonexcited, thus allowing to manipulate another transition by the laser field as if it were an isolated two-level system. Based on light interference, this technique needs neither strong driving field intensities nor controlling the chirp direction to achieve the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Netz
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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35
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Degert J, Wohlleben W, Chatel B, Motzkus M, Girard B. Realization of a time-domain Fresnel lens with coherent control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:203003. [PMID: 12443475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Perturbative chirped pulse excitation leads to oscillations of the excited state amplitude. These coherent transients are governed by interferences between resonant and off-resonant contributions. Control mechanisms in both frequency and time domain are used to modify these dynamics. First, by applying a phase step in the spectrum, we manipulate the phase of the oscillations. By direct analogy with Fresnel zone lenses, we then conceive highly phase-amplitude modulated pulse shapes that slice destructive interferences out of the excitation time structure and enhance the final population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Degert
- Laboratoire de Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité (CNRS UMR 5589), IRSAMC, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Shuford
- University of Florida, Quantum Theory Project, P.O. Box 118435, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8435
| | - Jeffrey L. Krause
- University of Florida, Quantum Theory Project, P.O. Box 118435, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8435
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37
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Wollenhaupt M, Assion A, Liese D, Sarpe-Tudoran C, Baumert T, Zamith S, Bouchene MA, Girard B, Flettner A, Weichmann U, Gerber G. Interferences of ultrashort free electron wave packets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:173001. [PMID: 12398664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Interferences of free electron wave packets generated by a pair of identical, time-delayed, femtosecond laser pulses which ionize excited atomic potassium have been observed. Two different schemes are investigated: threshold electrons produced by one-photon ionization with parallel laser polarization and above threshold ionization electrons produced by a two-photon transition with crossed laser polarization. Our results show that the temporal coherence of light pulses is transferred to free electron wave packets, thus opening the door to a whole variety of exciting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wollenhaupt
- Universität Kassel, Fachbereich Physik, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
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38
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Zhao H, Moehl S, Kalt H. Coherence length of excitons in a semiconductor quantum well. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:097401. [PMID: 12190436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.097401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental determination of the coherence length of excitons in semiconductors using the combination of spatially resolved photoluminescence with phonon sideband spectroscopy. The coherence length of excitons in ZnSe quantum wells is determined to be 300-400 nm, about 25-30 times the exciton de Broglie wavelength. With increasing exciton kinetic energy, the coherence length decreases slowly. The discrepancy between the coherence lengths measured and calculated by considering only the acoustic-phonon scattering suggests an important influence of static disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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39
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Htoon H, Takagahara T, Kulik D, Baklenov O, Holmes AL, Shih CK. Interplay of Rabi oscillations and quantum interference in semiconductor quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:087401. [PMID: 11863973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.087401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the manifestation of Rabi oscillation in the coherent dynamics of excitons in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots. The Rabi oscillation phenomenon was directly observed as a function of the input pulse area. Furthermore, by performing wave packet interferometry in the nonlinear excitation regime, we discover a new type of quantum interference phenomenon, resulting from the interplay between Rabi oscillation and quantum interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Htoon
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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40
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Awschalom DD, Samarth N. Optical Manipulation, Transport and Storage of Spin Coherence in Semiconductors. SEMICONDUCTOR SPINTRONICS AND QUANTUM COMPUTATION 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05003-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Kamada H, Gotoh H, Temmyo J, Takagahara T, Ando H. Exciton Rabi oscillation in a single quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:246401. [PMID: 11736520 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.246401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A spectroscopic method, which enables characterization of a single isolated quantum dot and a quantum wave function interferometry, is applied to an exciton discrete excited state in an InGaAs quantum dot. Long coherence of zero-dimensional excitonic states made possible the observation of coherent population flopping in a 0D excitonic two-level system in a time-domain interferometric measurement. Corresponding energy splitting is also manifested in an energy-domain measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kamada
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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42
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Bellini M, Cavalieri S, Corsi C, Materazzi M. Phase-locked, time-delayed harmonic pulses for high spectral resolution in the extreme ultraviolet. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:1010-1012. [PMID: 18040517 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present experiments in the time and frequency domains aimed at confirming the measured mutual phase coherence of time-delayed, collinear harmonic pulses. We show that pairs of phase-locked harmonic pulses of medium order can be generated for peak intensities up to ~1.5 10(14)W/cm(2) in xenon, demonstrating the possibility of performing high-resolution spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet with Ramsey-like techniques.
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43
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Kennedy SP, Garro N, Phillips RT. Coherent control of optical emission from a conjugated polymer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:4148-4151. [PMID: 11328117 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have observed that resonant Rayleigh scattering dominates the emission from poly(p-phenylene vinylene) excited with photons at energies below the threshold at which excitonic migration is reduced. The intensity of the resonant emission decays exponentially with a lifetime of up to 450 fs after pulsed excitation. The coherent nature of the emission was confirmed by angular variations in the far-field emission intensity-bright and dark speckles. Persistence of a coherent polarization was demonstrated by coherent control using phase-locked pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Kennedy
- Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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44
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Vu QT, Haug H, Hugel WA, Chatterjee S, Wegener M. Signature of electron-plasmon quantum kinetics in GaAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:3508-3511. [PMID: 11030933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We predict a carrier-density dependent oscillation, which is superimposed on the decay of the coherent control photon echo signal of a semiconductor. It reflects the oscillatory transfer of excitation back and forth between electrons and a mixed plasmon-phonon mode. This signature provides obvious and unique evidence for the finite duration of the interaction process, i.e., evidence for the collective Coulomb quantum kinetics. The theoretical predictions for the model semiconductor GaAs are reproduced in corresponding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- QT Vu
- Institut fur Theoretische Physik, J. W. Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt, Robert-Mayer-Strasse 8, 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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45
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Yee DS, Yee KJ, Hohng SC, Kim DS, Meier T, Koch SW. Coherent control of absorption and polarization decay in a GaAs quantum well: time and spectral domain studies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:3474-3477. [PMID: 11019118 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two phase-locked pulses are used to coherently excite excitonic polarizations. It is shown that the second pulse can either be strongly amplified by taking up energy gained from the destruction of the exciton polarization or can be decreased drastically by giving up all its energy to excitons. Both the temporal and the spectral signatures of the transmitted pulse shapes agree well with model calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- DS Yee
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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46
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47
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Sjodin T, Li CM, Petek H, Dai HL. Ultrafast transient grating scattering studies of carrier dynamics at a silicon surface. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Wegener M, Chemla DS. Coherent control of electron-phonon quantum kinetics: exploring the weak and the strong coupling regime. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Albrecht AW, Hybl JD, Gallagher Faeder SM, Jonas DM. Experimental distinction between phase shifts and time delays: Implications for femtosecond spectroscopy and coherent control of chemical reactions. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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50
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Hoki K, Ohtsuki Y, Kono H, Fujimura Y, Koseki S. Quantum Control of the Photodissociation of Sodium Iodide. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.72.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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