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Vodeb J, Diego M, Vaskivskyi Y, Logaric L, Gerasimenko Y, Kabanov V, Lipovsek B, Topic M, Mihailovic D. Non-equilibrium quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in a two-dimensional electronic crystal and a quantum annealer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4836. [PMID: 38844460 PMCID: PMC11156939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Relaxation dynamics of complex many-body quantum systems trapped into metastable states is a very active field of research from both the theoretical and experimental point of view with implications in a wide array of topics from macroscopic quantum tunnelling and nucleosynthesis to non-equilibrium superconductivity and energy-efficient memory devices. In this work, we investigate quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in the electronic superlattice of a quantum material using time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy and unveil a crossover from temperature to noisy quantum fluctuation dominated dynamics. The process is modeled using a programmable superconducting quantum annealer in which qubit interconnections correspond directly to the microscopic interactions between electrons in the quantum material. Crucially, the dynamics of both the experiment and quantum simulation is driven by spectrally similar pink noise. We find that the simulations reproduce the emergent time evolution and temperature dependence of the experimentally observed electronic domain dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Vodeb
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Michele Diego
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yevhenii Vaskivskyi
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leonard Logaric
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Viktor Kabanov
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Lipovsek
- Faculty for Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Topic
- Faculty for Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragan Mihailovic
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- CENN Nanocenter, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Fijalkowski KM, Liu N, Mandal P, Schreyeck S, Brunner K, Gould C, Molenkamp LW. Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of a Topological Ferromagnet. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2303165. [PMID: 37314152 PMCID: PMC10401085 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of topological states of matter spawned many significant discoveries. The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect is a prime example due to its potential for applications in quantum metrology, as well as its influence on fundamental research into the underlying topological and magnetic states and into axion electrodynamics. Here, electronic transport studies on a (V,Bi,Sb)2 Te3 ferromagnetic topological insulator nanostructure in the QAH regime are presented. This allows access to the dynamics of an individual ferromagnetic domain. The domain size is estimated to be in the 50-100 nm range. Telegraph noise resulting from the magnetization fluctuations of this domain is observed in the Hall signal. Careful analysis of the influence of temperature and external magnetic field on the domain switching statistics provides evidence for quantum tunneling (QT) of magnetization in a macrospin state. This ferromagnetic macrospin is not only the largest magnetic object in which QT is observed, but also the first observation of the effect in a topological state of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan M Fijalkowski
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nan Liu
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Schreyeck
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Brunner
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles Gould
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laurens W Molenkamp
- Faculty for Physics and Astronomy (EP3), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Topological Insulators, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Wernsdorfer W. Classical and Quantum Magnetization Reversal Studied in Nanometer-Sized Particles and Clusters. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141786.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Brooke J, Rosenbaum TF, Aeppli G. Tunable quantum tunnelling of magnetic domain walls. Nature 2001; 413:610-3. [PMID: 11595942 DOI: 10.1038/35098037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most anticipated, yet experimentally elusive, macroscopic quantum phenomenon is spin tunnelling in a ferromagnet, which may be formulated in terms of domain wall tunnelling. One approach to identifying such a process is to focus on mesoscopic systems where the number of domain walls is finite and the motion of a single wall has measurable consequences. Research of this type includes magnetotransport measurements on thin ferromagnetic wires, and magnetization experiments on single particles, nanomagnet ensembles and rare-earth multilayers. A second method is to investigate macroscopic disordered ferromagnets, whose dynamics are dominated by domain wall motion, and search the associated relaxation-time distribution functions for the signature of quantum effects. But whereas the classical, thermal processes that operate in these experiments are easily regulated via temperature, the quantum processes have so far not been tunable, making difficult a definitive interpretation of the results in terms of tunnelling. Here we describe a disordered magnetic system for which it is possible to adjust the quantum tunnelling probabilities. For this material, we can model both the classical, thermally activated response at high temperatures and the athermal, tunnelling behaviour at low temperatures within a unified framework, where the domain wall is described as a particle with a fixed mass. We show that it is possible to tune the quantum tunnelling processes by adjusting the 'mass' of this particle with an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brooke
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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