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Horneber A, Braun K, Rogalski J, Leiderer P, Meixner AJ, Zhang D. Nonlinear optical imaging of single plasmonic nanoparticles with 30 nm resolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:21288-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05342g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond-scanning near-field optical microscopy resolves the location-correlated second harmonic generation and two-photon photoluminescence from single nanoparticles with 30 nm resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Horneber
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
| | - Jan Rogalski
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
| | - Paul Leiderer
- Department of Physics
- University of Konstanz
- 78457 Konstanz
- Germany
| | - Alfred J. Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
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2
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Wagner M, Fei Z, McLeod AS, Rodin AS, Bao W, Iwinski EG, Zhao Z, Goldflam M, Liu M, Dominguez G, Thiemens M, Fogler MM, Castro Neto AH, Lau CN, Amarie S, Keilmann F, Basov DN. Ultrafast and nanoscale plasmonic phenomena in exfoliated graphene revealed by infrared pump-probe nanoscopy. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:894-900. [PMID: 24479682 DOI: 10.1021/nl4042577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pump-probe spectroscopy is central for exploring ultrafast dynamics of fundamental excitations, collective modes, and energy transfer processes. Typically carried out using conventional diffraction-limited optics, pump-probe experiments inherently average over local chemical, compositional, and electronic inhomogeneities. Here, we circumvent this deficiency and introduce pump-probe infrared spectroscopy with ∼ 20 nm spatial resolution, far below the diffraction limit, which is accomplished using a scattering scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM). This technique allows us to investigate exfoliated graphene single-layers on SiO2 at technologically significant mid-infrared (MIR) frequencies where the local optical conductivity becomes experimentally accessible through the excitation of surface plasmons via the s-SNOM tip. Optical pumping at near-infrared (NIR) frequencies prompts distinct changes in the plasmonic behavior on 200 fs time scales. The origin of the pump-induced, enhanced plasmonic response is identified as an increase in the effective electron temperature up to several thousand Kelvin, as deduced directly from the Drude weight associated with the plasmonic resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Terada Y, Yoshida S, Takeuchi O, Shigekawa H. Laser-combined scanning tunnelling microscopy for probing ultrafast transient dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:264008. [PMID: 21386465 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/26/264008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), in particular, attempts to combine STM with ultrafast laser technology, is reviewed with emphasis on observed physical quantities and spatiotemporal resolution. Ultrashort optical pulse technology has allowed us to observe transient phenomena in the femtosecond range, which, however, has the drawback of a relatively low spatial resolution due to the electromagnetic wavelength used. In contrast, STM and its related techniques, although the time resolution is limited by the circuit bandwidth (∼100 kHz), enable us to observe structures at the atomic level in real space. Our purpose has been to combine these two techniques to achieve a new technology that satisfies the requirements for exploring the ultrafast transient dynamics of the local quantum functions in organized small structures, which will advance the pursuit of future nanoscale scientific research in terms of the ultimate temporal and spatial resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Terada
- Institute of Applied Physics, CREST-JST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
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Biagioni P, Huang JS, Duò L, Finazzi M, Hecht B. Cross resonant optical antenna. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:256801. [PMID: 19659107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.256801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel cross resonant optical antenna consisting of two perpendicular nanosized gold dipole antennas with a common feed gap. We demonstrate that the cross antenna is able to convert propagating fields of any polarization state into correspondingly polarized, localized, and enhanced fields and vice versa. The cross antenna structure therefore opens the road towards the control of light-matter interactions based on polarized light as well as the analysis of polarized fields on the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Biagioni
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics group, Department of Experimental Physics 5, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Physics Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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5
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Celebrano M, Biagioni P, Zavelani-Rossi M, Polli D, Labardi M, Allegrini M, Finazzi M, Duò L, Cerullo G. Hollow-pyramid based scanning near-field optical microscope coupled to femtosecond pulses: a tool for nonlinear optics at the nanoscale. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:033704. [PMID: 19334924 DOI: 10.1063/1.3095556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe an aperture scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) using cantilevered hollow pyramid probes coupled to femtosecond laser pulses. Such probes, with respect to tapered optical fibers, present higher throughput and laser power damage threshold, as well as greater mechanical robustness. In addition, they preserve pulse duration and polarization in the near field. The instrument can operate in two configurations: illumination mode, in which the SNOM probe is used to excite the nonlinear response in the near field, and collection mode, where it collects the nonlinear emission following far-field excitation. We present application examples highlighting the capability of the system to observe the nonlinear optical response of nanostructured metal surfaces (gold projection patterns and gold nanorods) with sub-100-nm spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Celebrano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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6
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Near-field visualization of dynamical processes of semiconductor surface. Ultramicroscopy 2008; 109:39-43. [PMID: 18762383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The near-field images calculation method for semiconductor surface with inhomogeneous electron distribution, formed by strong focused laser pulse, was proposed. Calculation is performed using Green function method. The main characteristic of the proposed approach is maximal usage analytical computations. The near-field images for the surface of GaAs were obtained at different points of time. Developed approach is universal and could be able to find with experimental data on time-resolved near-field microscopy some parameters of semiconductor surface such as diffusion constant and relaxation time.
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Shen Y, Lin TC, Dai J, Markowicz P, Prasad PN. Near-Field Optical Imaging of Transient Absorption Dynamics in Organic Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030376+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Pack A, Hietschold M, Wannemacher R. Propagation of femtosecond light pulses through near-field optical aperture probes. Ultramicroscopy 2002; 92:251-64. [PMID: 12213027 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3991(02)00141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The propagation of femtosecond light pulses through near-field optical fiber tips has been modelled numerically in three spatial dimensions by means of the finite integration technique. Ideally conducting as well as real metallic coatings of the tip have been considered, and the influence of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) on shape, spectrum, and amplitude of the light pulse in the near and far fields of the tip have been investigated in this way. Special attention has been devoted to the superluminal tunneling of light through the fiber tip. The variation of phase and group velocities along the fiber axis has been characterized for a number of real metals and for different tip angles. A maximum of both velocities in the near field of the tip is characteristic for coatings of finite conductivity. For some tip angles negative values of the phase and/or group velocities are observed, which are caused by the propagation of SPP on the outer surface of the coating and their conversion into photons. It is shown, that the excitation of SPP on the metallic coating leads to strongly altered spatial emission characteristics of the tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pack
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
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Guest JR, Stievater TH, Chen G, Tabak EA, Orr BG, Steel DG, Gammon D, Katzer DS. Near-field coherent spectroscopy and microscopy of a quantum dot system. Science 2001; 293:2224-7. [PMID: 11567131 DOI: 10.1126/science.1063696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We combined coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy with nano-electron volt energy resolution and low-temperature near-field microscopy with subwavelength resolution (<lambda/2) to provide direct and local access to the excitonic dipole in a semiconductor nanostructure quantum system. Our technique allows the ability to address, excite, and probe single eigenstates of solid-state quantum systems with spectral and spatial selectivity while simultaneously providing a measurement of all the various time scales of the excitation including state relaxation and decoherence rates. In analogy to scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, we can now map the optical local density of states of a disordered nanostructure. These measurements lay the groundwork for studying and exploiting spatial and temporal coherence in the nanoscopic regime of solid-state systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Guest
- Harrison M. Randall Laboratory of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Parent G, Van Labeke D, Baida FI. Theoretical study of transient phenomena in near-field optics. J Microsc 2001; 202:296-306. [PMID: 11309087 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A time-domain study of the propagation of a light pulse is made by the finite-difference time-domain method. This method is described briefly and then two applications are presented: creation and diffraction of surface plasmons in the time-domain, and propagation of a light pulse through two tip models, a dielectric one and a metal-coated one. Results on propagation speed of surface plasmons, spatio-temporal shape and spectral study of the field emitted by a tip are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Parent
- Laboratoire d'optique P. M. Duffieux, CNRS UMR 6603, Institut des Microtechniques de Franche Comté, Université de Franche Comté, Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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12
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Hecht B, Sick B, Wild UP, Deckert V, Zenobi R, Martin OJF, Pohl DW. Scanning near-field optical microscopy with aperture probes: Fundamentals and applications. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Eytan G, Yayon Y, Bar-Joseph I, Rappaport ML. A storage Dewar near-field scanning optical microscope. Ultramicroscopy 2000; 83:25-31. [PMID: 10805390 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3991(99)00167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A near-field scanning optical microscope for operation within a storage Dewar is described. It was designed for studies of opaque samples and operates in the collection mode. Illumination can be either through the tip or from the side via a separate fiber. Scans can be begun within 2 h after start of cooldown. Its rigid design allows high resolution and long scans with no additional vibration isolation. To illustrate its performance, measurements of photoluminescence in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures are presented. The signal and noise levels for the two illumination modes are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eytan
- Department of Condensed Matter, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Nolte S, Chichkov BN, Welling H, Shani Y, Lieberman K, Terkel H. Nanostructuring with spatially localized femtosecond laser pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 1999; 24:914-916. [PMID: 18073894 DOI: 10.1364/ol.24.000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Spatially localized femtosecond pulses have been produced by a combination of scanning near-field optical microscopy with ultrashort pulse lasers. With these pulses direct ablative writing on metal surfaces is demonstrated. Possible applications of this technique for nanostructuring, repair, and production of lithographic masks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Bottomley
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
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McDaniel EB, McClain SC, Hsu JW. Nanometer scale polarimetry studies using a near-field scanning optical microscope. APPLIED OPTICS 1998; 37:84-92. [PMID: 18268563 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new technique that incorporates polarization modulation into near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) for nanometer scale polarimetry studies. By using this technique, we can quantitatively measure the optical anisotropy of materials with both the high sensitivity of dynamic polarimetry and the high spatial resolution of NSOM. The magnitude and relative orientation of linear birefringence or linear dichroism are obtained simultaneously. To demonstrate the sensitivity and resolution of the microscope, we map out stress-induced birefringence associated with submicrometer defects at the fusion boundaries of SrTiO3 bicrystals. Features as small as 150 nm were imaged with a retardance sensitivity of approximately 3 x 10(-3) rad.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B McDaniel
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
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17
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Weston KD, Buratto SK. A Reflection Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope Technique for Subwavelength Resolution Imaging of Thin Organic Films. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp963856s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Weston
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Steven K. Buratto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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18
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Flack F, Samarth N, Nikitin V, Crowell PA, Shi J, Levy J, Awschalom DD. Near-field optical spectroscopy of localized excitons in strained CdSe quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:R17312-R17315. [PMID: 9985945 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r17312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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