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Guandalini A, Senga R, Lin YC, Suenaga K, Ferretti A, Varsano D, Recchia A, Barone P, Mauri F, Pichler T, Kramberger C. Excitonic Effects in Energy-Loss Spectra of Freestanding Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11835-11841. [PMID: 38088831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we perform electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) of freestanding graphene with high energy and momentum resolution to disentangle the quasielastic scattering from the excitation gap of Dirac electrons close to the optical limit. We show the importance of many-body effects on electronic excitations at finite transferred momentum by comparing measured EELS to ab initio calculations at increasing levels of theory. Quasi-particle corrections and excitonic effects are addressed within the GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation, respectively. Both effects are essential in the description of the EEL spectra to obtain a quantitative agreement with experiments, with the position, dispersion, and shape of both the excitation gap and the π plasmon being significantly affected by excitonic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Guandalini
- S3 Centre, Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR, Via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ryosuke Senga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Andrea Ferretti
- S3 Centre, Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR, Via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Varsano
- S3 Centre, Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR, Via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Recchia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Center for Life NanoScience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas Pichler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Strudlhofgasse 4, A1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Kramberger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Strudlhofgasse 4, A1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Kavokine N, Bocquet ML, Bocquet L. Fluctuation-induced quantum friction in nanoscale water flows. Nature 2022; 602:84-90. [PMID: 35110760 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The flow of water in carbon nanochannels has defied understanding thus far1, with accumulating experimental evidence for ultra-low friction, exceptionally high water flow rates and curvature-dependent hydrodynamic slippage2-5. In particular, the mechanism of water-carbon friction remains unknown6, with neither current theories7 nor classical8,9 or ab initio molecular dynamics simulations10 providing satisfactory rationalization for its singular behaviour. Here we develop a quantum theory of the solid-liquid interface, which reveals a new contribution to friction, due to the coupling of charge fluctuations in the liquid to electronic excitations in the solid. We expect that this quantum friction, which is absent in Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, is the dominant friction mechanism for water on carbon-based materials. As a key result, we demonstrate a marked difference in quantum friction between the water-graphene and water-graphite interface, due to the coupling of water Debye collective modes with a thermally excited plasmon specific to graphite. This suggests an explanation for the radius-dependent slippage of water in carbon nanotubes4, in terms of the electronic excitations of the nanotubes. Our findings open the way for quantum engineering of hydrodynamic flows through the electronic properties of the confining wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kavokine
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. .,Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Lydéric Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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3
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Water and carbon make a quantum couple. Nature 2022:10.1038/d41586-022-00183-7. [PMID: 35110706 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-00183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Xue S, Wang M, Li Y, Zhang S, Jia X, Zhou J, Shi Y, Zhu X, Yao Y, Guo J. Observation of Nodal-Line Plasmons in ZrSiS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:186802. [PMID: 34767385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.186802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nodal-line semimetals (NLSMs), a large family of new topological phases of matter with continuous linear band crossing points in the momentum space, attract considerable attention. Here, we report the direct observation of plasmons originating from topological nodal-line states in a prototypical NLSM ZrSiS by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. There exist three temperature-independent plasmons with energies ranging from the near- to the mid-infrared frequencies. With first-principles calculations of a slab model, these plasmons can be ascribed to the correlations of electrons in the bulk nodal lines and their projected surface states, dubbed nodal-line plasmons. An anomalous surface plasmon has higher excitation energy than the bulk plasmon due to the larger contribution from the nodal-line projected surface states. This work reveals the novel plasmons related to the unique nodal-line states in a NLSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maoyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xun Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Youguo Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xuetao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yugui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
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Anguita JV, Ahmad M, Haq S, Allam J, Silva SRP. Ultra-broadband light trapping using nanotextured decoupled graphene multilayers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501238. [PMID: 26933686 PMCID: PMC4771437 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer a thin two-dimensional surface for light trapping across an ultra-broad spectral range is central for an increasing number of applications including energy, optoelectronics, and spectroscopy. Although broadband light trapping has been obtained in tall structures of carbon nanotubes with millimeter-tall dimensions, obtaining such broadband light-trapping behavior from nanometer-scale absorbers remains elusive. We report a method for trapping the optical field coincident with few-layer decoupled graphene using field localization within a disordered distribution of subwavelength-sized nanotexturing metal particles. We show that the combination of the broadband light-coupling effect from the disordered nanotexture combined with the natural thinness and remarkably high and wavelength-independent absorption of graphene results in an ultrathin (15 nm thin) yet ultra-broadband blackbody absorber, featuring 99% absorption spanning from the mid-infrared to the ultraviolet. We demonstrate the utility of our approach to produce the blackbody absorber on delicate opto-microelectromechanical infrared emitters, using a low-temperature, noncontact fabrication method, which is also large-area compatible. This development may pave a way to new fabrication methodologies for optical devices requiring light management at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V. Anguita
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sajad Haq
- BAE Systems, Advanced Technology Centre, Sowerby Building (20R), FPC 267, P. O. Box 5, Filton, Bristol BS34 7QW, UK
| | - Jeremy Allam
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - S. Ravi P. Silva
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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6
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Chuang YC, Wu JY, Lin MF. Electric field dependence of excitation spectra in AB-stacked bilayer graphene. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1368. [PMID: 23455664 PMCID: PMC3586817 DOI: 10.1038/srep01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The single- and many-particle Coulomb excitation spectra in Bernal bilayer graphene can be modulated by a uniform perpendicular electric field. The field-induced oscillatory parabolic bands possess saddle points and local extrema, which, respectively, lead to logarithmically divergent peaks and discontinuous steps in the bare response functions. Such special structures are associated with the plasmon peaks in the screened loss spectra. Their main characteristics, such as their existence, frequency, and strength, vary strongly with the field strength and transferred momentum. The predicted results could be further examined by inelastic light scattering spectroscopy and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chih Chuang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Politano A, Campi D, Formoso V, Chiarello G. Evidence of confinement of the π plasmon in periodically rippled graphene on Ru(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11356-61. [PMID: 23736309 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51954f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Politano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cs, Italy
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8
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Park SJ, Palmer RE. Acoustic plasmon on the Au(111) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:016801. [PMID: 20867469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.016801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report an acoustic surface plasmon mode on the Au(111) surface, which disperses into the visible region, as measured by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The new mode is assigned to an acoustic surface plasmon arising from the Shockley-type surface state electrons and coexists with the conventional surface plasmon. This low energy collective excitation disperses linearly up to ∼2.2 eV, i.e., into the visible region. The divergence from theoretical prediction appears to emphasize the importance of band structure effects upon the dielectric function of the surface region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Park
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Chern RL. Interface matching method for solving surface plasmon modes with damping in plasmonic crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:017701. [PMID: 19257169 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.017701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The author proposes an interface matching method for solving surface plasmon modes with damping in plasmonic crystals. The damping constant is considered a crucial parameter instead of a small perturbation to the undamped system. The damping effect is manifest on the complex nature of the eigenfrequency as well as on the eigenfield. For periodic layered structures, the decay factors of the two fundamental modes asymptotically approach gamma/2 in the large-wave-number limit. For two-dimensional plasmonic crystals, the decay factors of surface plasmon modes are gathered around and bounded by gamma/2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Lin Chern
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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10
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Chulkov EV, Borisov AG, Gauyacq JP, Sanchez-Portal D, Silkin VM, Zhukov VP, Echenique PM. Electronic Excitations in Metals and at Metal Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4160-206. [PMID: 17031983 DOI: 10.1021/cr050166o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E V Chulkov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastian/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain.
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11
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Seepujak A, Bangert U, Gutiérrez-Sosa A, Harvey AJ, Blank VD, Kulnitskiy BA, Batov DV. 3D spectrum imaging of multi-wall carbon nanotube coupled pi-surface modes utilising electron energy-loss spectra acquired using a STEM/Enfina system. Ultramicroscopy 2005; 104:57-72. [PMID: 15896908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have utilised electron energy-loss (EEL) spectra acquired in the plasmon (2-10 eV) regime in order to probe delocalised pi-electronic states of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Interpretation of electron energy loss (EEL) spectra of MWCNTs in the 2-10 eV regime. Carbon (accepted for publication); Blank et al. J. Appl. Phys. 91 (2002) 1657). In the present contribution, EEL spectra were acquired from a 2D raster defined on a bottle-shaped MWCNT, using a Gatan UHV Enfina system attached to a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The technique utilised to isolate and sequentially filter each of the volume and surface resonances is described in detail. Utilising a scale for the intensity of a filtered mode enables one to 'see' the distribution of each resonance in the raster. This enables striking 3D resonance-filtered spectrum images (SIs) of pi-collective modes to be observed. Red-shift of the lower energy split pi-surface resonance provides explicit evidence of pi-surface mode coupling predicted for thin graphitic films (Lucas et al. Phys. Rev. B 49 (1994) 2888). Resonance-filtered SIs are also compared to non-filtered SIs with suppressed surface contributions, acquired utilising a displaced collector aperture. The present filtering technique is seen to isolate surface contributions more effectively, and without the significant loss of statistics, associated with the displaced collector aperture mode. Isolation of collective modes utilising 3D resonance-filtered spectrum imaging, demonstrates a valuable method for 'pinpointing' the location of discrete modes in irregularly shaped nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seepujak
- Department of Physics, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK.
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Baskaran G, Jafari SA. Gapless spin-1 neutral collective mode branch for graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:016402. [PMID: 12097057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.016402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using the standard tight binding model of 2D graphite with short range electron repulsion, we predict a gapless spin-1, neutral collective mode branch below the particle-hole continuum with energy vanishing linearly with momenta at the Gamma and K points in the Brillouin zone. This spin-1 mode has a wide energy dispersion, 0 to approximately 2 eV, and is not Landau damped. The "Dirac cone spectrum" of electrons at the chemical potential of graphite generates our collective mode, so we call this "spin-1 zero sound" of the "Dirac sea." Epithermal neutron scattering experiments and spin polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy can be used to confirm and study our collective mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baskaran
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Madras 600 113, India
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Lee SS, Ahn JR, Kim ND, Min JH, Hwang CG, Chung JW, Yeom HW, Ryjkov SV, Hasegawa S. Adsorbate-induced pinning of a charge-density wave in a quasi-1D metallic chains: Na on the In/Si(111)-(4x1) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:196401. [PMID: 12005651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.196401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We find that foreign adsorbates acting as local impurities can induce a metal-insulator transition by pinning a charge-density wave (CDW) on the quasi-1D metallic In/Si(111)-(4x1) chain system. Our scanning tunneling microscopy image clearly reveals the presence of a new local 4x2 structure nucleated by Na adatoms at room temperature, which turns out to be insulating with a doubled periodicity along the chains. We directly determine a CDW gap energy Delta = 105+/-8 meV by identifying a characteristic loss peak in our high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectra. We thus report the first observation of a local impurity-derived Peierls-like reconstruction of a quasi-1D system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lee
- Physics Department and Basic Science Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja Dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Ahn JR, Lee SS, Kim ND, Min JH, Hwang CG, Chung JW. Observation of disorder-induced 2D mott-hubbard states of the alkali-earth metal (Mg,Ba)-adsorbed Si(111) surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:1748-1751. [PMID: 11017616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report evidence of a disorder-driven Mott-Hubbard-type localization on the alkali-earth metal (AEM) (Mg,Ba)-adsorbed Si(111)-(7x7) surface. The clean metallic Si(111) surface is found to undergo a two-dimensional (2D) metal-insulator transition as randomly distributed AEM adsorbates cause disorder on the surface. A well-defined electron-energy-loss peak unique to the insulating phase is attributed to an interband excitation between the split Hubbard bands originated from a metallic surface band at Fermi energy. A quantitative analysis of the loss peak reveals that the AEM-induced insulating surfaces are of a Mott-Hubbard type driven essentially by disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- JR Ahn
- Physics Department and Basic Science Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja Dong, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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González J, Guinea F, Vozmediano MA. Unconventional Quasiparticle Lifetime in Graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:3589-3592. [PMID: 10062258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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