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Li X, Bourg IC. Hygroscopic Growth of Adsorbed Water Films on Smectite Clay Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1109-1118. [PMID: 38164899 PMCID: PMC10795194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hygroscopic growth of adsorbed water films on clay particles underlies a number of environmental science questions, from the air quality and climate impacts of mineral dust aerosols to the hydrology and mechanics of unsaturated soils and sedimentary rocks. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to establish the relation between adsorbed water film thickness (h) and relative humidity (RH) or disjoining pressure (Π), which has long been uncertain due to factors including sensitivity to particle shape, surface roughness, and aqueous chemistry. We present a new MD simulation approach that enables precise quantification of Π in films up to six water monolayers thick. We find that the hygroscopicity of phyllosilicate mineral surfaces increases in the order mica < K-smectite < Na-smectite. The relationship between Π and h on clay surfaces follows a double exponential decay with e-folding lengths of 2.3 and 7.5 Å. The two decay length scales are attributed to hydration repulsion and osmotic phenomena in the electrical double layer (EDL) at the clay-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ian C. Bourg
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- High
Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Hu Z, Gong S. Mesoscopic Model for Disjoining Pressure Effects in Nanoscale Thin Liquid Films and Evaporating Extended Meniscuses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13359-13370. [PMID: 37677082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Disjoining pressure effect is the key to describe contact line dynamics, micro/nanoscale liquid-vapor phase change heat transfer, and liquid transport in nanopores. In this paper, by combining a mesoscopic approach for nanoscale liquid-vapor interfacial transport and a mean-field approximation of the long-range solid-fluid molecular interaction, a mesoscopic model for the disjoining pressure effect in nanoscale thin liquid films is proposed. The capability of this model to delineate the disjoining pressure effect is validated. We demonstrate that the Hamaker constant determined from our model agrees very well with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and that the transient evaporation/condensation mass flux predicted by this mesoscopic model is also consistent with the kinetic theory. Using this model, we investigate the characteristics of the evaporating extended meniscus in a nanochannel. The nonevaporating film region, the evaporating thin-film region, and the intrinsic meniscus region are successfully captured by our model. Our results suggest that the apparent contact angle and thickness of the nonevaporating liquid film are self-tuned according to the evaporation rate, and a higher evaporation rate results a in larger apparent contact angle and thinner nonevaporating liquid film. We also show that disjoining pressure plays a dominant role in the nonevaporating film region and suppresses the evaporation in this region, while capillary pressure dominates the intrinsic meniscus region. Strong evaporation takes place in the thin-film region, and both the disjoining pressure and capillary pressure contribute to the total pressure difference that delivers the liquid from the intrinsic meniscus region to the evaporating thin-film region, compensating for the liquid mass loss due to strong evaporation. Our work provides a new avenue for investigating thin liquid film spreading, liquid transport in nanopores, and microscopic liquid-vapor phase change heat/mass transfer mechanisms near the three-phase contact line region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Vanegas JM, Peterson D, Lakoba TI, Kotov VN. Spinodal de-wetting of light liquids on graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:175001. [PMID: 35086067 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4f7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate theoretically the possibility of spinodal de-wetting in heterostructures made of light-atom liquids (hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen) deposited on suspended graphene. Extending our theory of film growth on two-dimensional (2D) materials to include analysis of surface instabilities via the hydrodynamic Cahn-Hilliard-type equation, we characterize in detail the spatial and temporal scales of the resulting spinodal de-wetting patterns. Both linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations of the surface hydrodynamics show micron-sized (generally material dependent) patterns of 'dry' regions. The physical reason for the development of such instabilities on graphene can be traced back to the inherently weak van der Waals interactions between atomically thin materials and atoms in the liquid. Thus 2D materials could represent a new theoretical and technological platform for studies of spinodal de-wetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Vanegas
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America
| | - David Peterson
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America
| | - Taras I Lakoba
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America
| | - Valeri N Kotov
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States of America
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Van der Waals forces in free and wetting liquid films. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 269:357-369. [PMID: 31129337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Van der Waals interactions induced by fluctuations of electromagnetic field bear universal nature and act between individual atoms, condensed particles or bodies of any type. Continuously growing interest to theoretical understanding as well as to precise evaluation of van der Waals forces is caused by their fundamental role in many physical, chemical, and biological processes. In this paper, we scrutinize progress in the studies of van der Waals forces, related to recent active development of Coupled Dipole Method (CDM) for the analysis of the behavior and properties of nanosized systems. The application of CDM for the analysis of thin liquid films allowed achieving substantial progress in understanding the behavior of free and wetting films. It was shown that both the macroscopic properties, such as excess free energy and Hamaker constants and the local microscopic parameters, such as polarizabilities, can be successfully calculated based only on properties of individual molecules. The impact of lateral film confinement on the specific excess free energy and the film stability was elucidated, and effect of spatial constraints on the spectrum of vibrational states for liquid film and the underlying substrate was analyzed. It was shown that van der Waals interactions between molecules represent the universal mechanism for dynamic structuring and formation of boundary layers and that the CDM allows self-consistently calculating the properties of these layers in both solid and liquid phases.
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Sengupta S, Nichols NS, Del Maestro A, Kotov VN. Theory of Liquid Film Growth and Wetting Instabilities on Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:236802. [PMID: 29932698 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.236802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate wetting phenomena near graphene within the Dzyaloshinskii-Lifshitz-Pitaevskii theory for light gases of hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen in three different geometries where graphene is either affixed to an insulating substrate, submerged or suspended. We find that the presence of graphene has a significant effect in all configurations. When placed on a substrate, the polarizability of graphene can increase the strength of the total van der Waals force by a factor of 2 near the surface, enhancing the propensity towards wetting. In a suspended geometry unique to two-dimensional materials, where graphene is able to wet on only one side, liquid film growth becomes arrested at a critical thickness, which may trigger surface instabilities and pattern formation analogous to spinodal dewetting. The existence of a mesoscopic critical film with a tunable thickness provides a platform for the study of a continuous wetting transition, as well as the engineering of custom liquid coatings. These phenomena are robust to some mechanical deformations and are also universally present in doped graphene and other two-dimensional materials, such as monolayer dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghita Sengupta
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Nathan S Nichols
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Adrian Del Maestro
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valeri N Kotov
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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Friedman SR, Khalil M, Taborek P. Wetting transition in water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:226101. [PMID: 24329458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.226101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical images were used to study the wetting behavior of water on graphite, sapphire, and quartz along the liquid vapor coexistence curve from room temperature to 300 °C. Wetting transitions were identified by the temperature at which the contact angle decreased to zero and also by the disappearance of dropwise condensation. These two methods yielded consistent values for the wetting temperatures, which were 185 °C, 234 °C, and 271 °C for water on quartz, sapphire, and graphite, respectively. We compare our results with the theoretical predictions based on a simplified model of the water-substrate potential and sharp interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Friedman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Khalil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - P Taborek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Walker M, Jaye C, Krim J, Cole MW. Frictional temperature rise in a sliding physisorbed monolayer of Kr/graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:424201. [PMID: 23032114 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/42/424201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with a graphene/Ni(111) electrode has been used to probe frictional heating effects in Kr monolayers sliding on the microbalance electrode in response to its oscillatory motion. The temperatures of the sliding Kr monolayers are observed to rise approximately 13 K higher than their static counterparts, but show surprisingly little dependence on oscillation amplitude. Although counterintuitive, the observation can be explained by noting that the Kr surface residence times are limited, which effectively caps how much the temperature can rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Walker
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Gang O, Alvine KJ, Fukuto M, Pershan PS, Black CT, Ocko BM. Liquids on topologically nanopatterned surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:217801. [PMID: 16384184 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.217801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here surface x-ray scattering studies of the adsorption of simple hydrocarbon liquid films on nanostructured surfaces-silicon patterned by an array of nanocavities. Two different regimes, filling and growing, are observed for the wetting film evolution as a function of the chemical potential offset from the bulk liquid-vapor coexistence. The strong influence of geometrical effects is manifested by a dependence of liquid adsorption in the nanocavities that is stronger than the van der Waals behavior for flat surfaces. The observed dependence is, however, much weaker than predicted for the infinitely deep parabolic cavities, suggesting that the finite-size effects contribute significantly to the observed adsorption behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Gang
- Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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Vorberg J, Herminghaus S, Mecke K. Adsorption isotherms of hydrogen: the role of thermal fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:196105. [PMID: 11690434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.196105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that experimentally obtained isotherms of adsorption on solid substrates may be completely reconciled with Lifshitz theory when thermal fluctuations of the free film surface are taken into account. This is demonstrated for hydrogen adsorbed on gold as a model system. Analysis of the fluctuation contributions allows one to determine the surface tension of the free hydrogen film as a function of film thickness. It is found to decrease sharply for film thicknesses below seven atomic layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vorberg
- Abteilung Angewandte Physik, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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Bruschi L, Carlin A, Mistura G. Wetting on a geometrically structured substrate. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1399037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schulz J, Bowers J, Findenegg GH. Crossover from Preferential Adsorption to Depletion: Aqueous Systems of Short-Chain CnEm Amphiphiles at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010616q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schulz
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 112, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - James Bowers
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 112, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Findenegg
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 112, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Mukhopadhyay A, Law BM. Casimir force in a critical film formed from an electrolytic solution. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 63:041605. [PMID: 11308860 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.041605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the thickness of vapor adsorbed films of the critical binary liquid mixture acetic acid plus nonane adsorbed onto a silicon wafer substrate as a function of temperature near the critical temperature. This critical film possesses opposite boundary conditions (+-) at its two surfaces and, due to the dissociation of acetic acid, both the electrostatic force and the dispersion force affect the adsorbed film thickness. On approaching the critical temperature T(c), an increase in the film thickness L is observed, implying that the sign of the universal Casimir amplitude Delta(+-) is positive, consistent with theoretical predictions. However, we find quantitative discrepancies in the value of Delta(+-) and the form of the critical Casimir pressure scaling function vartheta(+-) compared with previous experimental results. We attribute these discrepancies to the complex nature of the critical system studied in this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukhopadhyay
- Condensed Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-2601, USA
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Mukhopadhyay A, Law BM. Casimir effect in critical films of binary liquid mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:5201-5215. [PMID: 11089082 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/1999] [Revised: 04/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental evidence for the Casimir effect within critical films of binary liquid mixtures possessing opposite boundary conditions (+-) by studying the thickness of these vapor-adsorbed films on a silicon wafer as a function of temperature near the critical temperature. Our results for two different critical mixtures demonstrate that the critical Casimir pressure scaling function vartheta(+-)(y) scales with y=L/xi, where L is the equilibrium film thickness and xi is the bulk correlation length. Additionally, on approaching the critical temperature T(c) an increase in the film thickness L is observed, implying that the sign of the universal Casimir amplitude Delta(+-)=vartheta(+-)(0)/2 at T(c) is positive, consistent with theoretical predictions. However, the magnitude of the Casimir amplitude that we measure is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than that given by prevailing theories. In the two-phase region of the liquid mixture, preliminary evidence suggests that the adsorbed film undergoes a surface phase transition from a film near the critical composition at T less, similarT(c) to a film near one of the bulk phases at T<<T(c). This low temperature film composition most likely corresponds to the bulk phase rich in the component that preferentially adsorbs at the silicon surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukhopadhyay
- Condensed Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2601, USA
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General Discussion. Faraday Discuss 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/fd107351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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