1
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Raston PL, Douberly GE. Infrared Laser Stark Spectroscopy of Methyl Fluoride in 4He Nanodroplets. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400224. [PMID: 38511250 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We measured the rotationally resolved infrared spectra of helium solvated methyl fluoride at 3 μm and 10 μm, wherein lies C-H and C-F stretching bands, respectively. The linewidths (FWHM) were found to increase with increasing vibrational energy and range from 0.002 cm-1 in the v3 band (C-F stretch) at ~1047 cm-1, to 0.65 cm-1 in the v4 band (asymmetric C-H stretch) at ~2997 cm-1. In between these two bands we observed the lower and upper components of the Fermi triad bands (ν1/2ν2/2ν5) at ~2859 and ~2961 cm-1. We carried out Stark spectroscopy on the lower band on account of its narrower linewidths (0.04 vs. 0.14 cm-1, respectively). The objective of performing Stark spectroscopy was to see if there is any evidence for a rotational linewidth dependence on the external field strength, due to a reduced difference in between methyl fluorides rotational energy gap and the roton-gap of superfluid helium. We did not find any evidence for such an effect, which we largely attribute to the rotational energy gap not increasing significantly enough by the external field. We point to another molecule (formaldehyde) whose energy levels are predicted to show a more promising response to application of an external field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Raston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, United States
| | - Gary E Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
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2
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Liu YY, Cui Y, Zhang XZ, Yang RB, Li ZQ, Wang ZW. Theory of all-coupling angulon for molecules rotating in many-body environment. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114305. [PMID: 37721329 DOI: 10.1063/5.0162004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of angulon, stemming from the rotor (molecule or impurity), rotating in the quantum many-body field, adds a new member to the quasi-particles' family and has aroused intense interest in multiple research fields. However, the analysis of the coupling strength between the rotor and its hosting environment remains a challenging task, both in theory and experiment. Here, we develop the all-coupling theory of the angulon by introducing a unitary transformation, where the renormalization of the rotational constants for different molecules in the helium nanodroplets is reproduced, getting excellent agreement with the experimental data collected during the past decades. Moreover, the strength of molecule-helium coupling and the effective radius of the solvation shell co-rotating along with the molecular rotor could be estimated qualitatively. This model not only provides significant enlightenment for analyzing the rotational spectroscopy of molecules in the phononic environment, but also provides a new method to study the transfer of the phonon angular momentum in the angulon frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Ran-Bo Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Zi-Wu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
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3
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Fischer J, Slenczka A. Formation of heterogeneous clusters in superfluid helium nanodroplets: phthalocyanine and water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3287-3297. [PMID: 36629317 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Clusters consisting of a single phthalocyanine molecule and a single water molecule are investigated by means of electronic spectroscopy in superfluid helium droplets. A recent spectroscopic study of those clusters [J. Fischer, F. Schlaghaufer, E.-M. Lottner, A. Slenczka, L. Christiansen, H. Stapelfeldt, M. Karra, B. Friedrich, T. Mullan, M. Schütz and D. Usvyat, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2019, 123, 10057-10064] which all exhibit a water induced electronic shift to the red is now complemented by the corresponding clusters exhibiting a water induced shift to the blue. These clusters will be analyzed by means of fluorescence excitation spectra, dispersed emission spectra, and additional experimental observations made feasible by helium droplets as cryogenic reactor. Together with the blue shifted clusters a total number of at least 6 isomeric variants could be identified in helium droplets. This contrasts to a number of only three isomeric variants obtained from quantum chemical calculations [J. Fischer, F. Schlaghaufer, E.-M. Lottner, A. Slenczka, L. Christiansen, H. Stapelfeldt, M. Karra, B. Friedrich, T. Mullan, M. Schütz and D. Usvyat, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2019, 123, 10057-10064] disregarding the helium environment and to a single isomer identified in a molecular beam experiment [J. Menapace and E. Bernstein, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 6877-6889]. The discrepancy in the number of isomers provides evidence of a profound involvement of helium in clustering. Moreover, the discrepancies between the gas phase experiment and quantum chemical calculations similarly reveal the influence of the dynamics of cluster formation on the population of global and local minima that are accessible as isomeric variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fischer
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Alkwin Slenczka
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Germany.
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4
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Qiang J, Zhou L, Lu P, Lin K, Ma Y, Pan S, Lu C, Jiang W, Sun F, Zhang W, Li H, Gong X, Averbukh IS, Prior Y, Schouder CA, Stapelfeldt H, Cherepanov IN, Lemeshko M, Jäger W, Wu J. Femtosecond Rotational Dynamics of D_{2} Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:243201. [PMID: 35776471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.243201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rotational dynamics of D_{2} molecules inside helium nanodroplets is induced by a moderately intense femtosecond pump pulse and measured as a function of time by recording the yield of HeD^{+} ions, created through strong-field dissociative ionization with a delayed femtosecond probe pulse. The yield oscillates with a period of 185 fs, reflecting field-free rotational wave packet dynamics, and the oscillation persists for more than 500 periods. Within the experimental uncertainty, the rotational constant B_{He} of the in-droplet D_{2} molecule, determined by Fourier analysis, is the same as B_{gas} for an isolated D_{2} molecule. Our observations show that the D_{2} molecules inside helium nanodroplets essentially rotate as free D_{2} molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lianrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yongzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengzhe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehiam Prior
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Constant A Schouder
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Igor N Cherepanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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5
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Ernst WE, Hauser AW. Metal clusters synthesized in helium droplets: structure and dynamics from experiment and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 23:7553-7574. [PMID: 33057510 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04349d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal clusters have drawn continuous interest because of their high potential for the assembly of matter with special properties that may significantly differ from the corresponding bulk. Controlled combination of particular elements in one nanoparticle can increase the options for the creation of new materials for photonic, catalytic, or electronic applications. Superfluid helium droplets provide confinement and ultralow temperature, i.e. an ideal environment for the atom-by-atom aggregation of a new nanoparticle. This perspective presents a review of the current research progress on the synthesis of tailored metal and metal oxide clusters including core-shell designs, their characterization within the helium droplet beam, deposition on various solid substrates, and analysis via surface diagnostics. Special attention is given to the thermal properties of mixed metal clusters and questions about alloy formation on the nanoscale. Experimental results are accompanied by theoretical approaches employing computational chemistry, molecular dynamics simulations and He density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang E Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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6
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González-Lezana T, Echt O, Gatchell M, Bartolomei M, Campos-Martínez J, Scheier P. Solvation of ions in helium. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1794585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás González-Lezana
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Michael Gatchell
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimiliano Bartolomei
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Campos-Martínez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Lottner EM, Slenczka A. Anthracene-Argon Clusters Generated in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets: New Aspects on Cluster Formation and Microsolvation. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:311-321. [PMID: 31257886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
About two decades after extensive studies on anthracene-Arn clusters in the gas phase, we report corresponding studies in superfluid helium droplets. With AN as a small fluorophore and spectroscopic data from the gas phase and helium droplets, both the formation of clusters and the microsolvation in superfluid helium droplets can be studied. As expected for helium droplets, a significantly higher number of isomeric variants of the respective cluster sizes are obtained, because metastable variants are stabilized by the low temperature and the surrounding helium. Moreover, spectroscopic data recorded in helium droplets reveal cluster configurations with Ar atoms shielded by a helium solvation layer. Surprisingly, AN-Arn clusters with more than four Ar atoms do not appear to form rigid configurations. The helium droplet data in combination with the gas phase spectra may serve as a suitable reference for further theoretical investigations on solvation and cluster formation in superfluid helium droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-M Lottner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - A Slenczka
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
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8
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Fischer J, Schlaghaufer F, Lottner EM, Slenczka A, Christiansen L, Stapelfeldt H, Karra M, Friedrich B, Mullan T, Schütz M, Usvyat D. Heterogeneous Clusters of Phthalocyanine and Water Prepared and Probed in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10057-10064. [PMID: 31670512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Superfluid helium nanodroplets comprised of thousands to millions of helium atoms can serve as a reactor for the synthesis of heterogeneous molecular clusters at cryogenic conditions. The cluster synthesis occurs via consecutive pick-up of the cluster building blocks by the helium droplet and their subsequent coalescence within the droplet. The effective collision cross section of the building blocks is determined by the helium droplet size and thus exceeds by orders of magnitude that of a reactive collision in the gas phase. Moreover, the cryogenic helium environment (at 0.38 K) as a host promotes the formation of metastable cluster configurations. The question arises as to the extent of the actual involvement of the helium environment in the cluster formation. The present study deals with clusters of single phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules with single water molecules. A large fluorophore such as Pc offers several sites where the water molecule can attach. The resulting isomeric variants of the Pc-H2O complex can be selectively identified by electronic spectroscopy. We compare the experimental electronic spectra of the Pc-H2O complex generated in superfluid helium nanodroplets with the results of quantum-chemical calculations on the same cluster but under gas-phase conditions. The number of isomeric variants observed in the helium droplet experiment comes out the same as that obtained from our gas-phase calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - F Schlaghaufer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - E-M Lottner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - A Slenczka
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - L Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - H Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - M Karra
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - B Friedrich
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Th Mullan
- Institut für Chemie , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Unter den Linden 6 , 10099 Berlin , Germany
| | - M Schütz
- Institut für Chemie , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Unter den Linden 6 , 10099 Berlin , Germany
| | - D Usvyat
- Institut für Chemie , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Unter den Linden 6 , 10099 Berlin , Germany
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9
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Abstract
We report suppression of multiphoton ionization (MPI) of aniline doped large superfluid helium droplets containing over 5 × 106 atoms. In contrast, surface-bound sodium atoms and dimers are readily desorbed and ionized. Adequacy of the experimental conditions is also confirmed from ejection of embedded aniline cations from smaller droplets containing multiple cations, and MPI of gaseous aniline. The photoelectrons have a mean-free-path of less than 1 nm and a thermalization distance of 10 nm. In a droplet with a diameter of over 70 nm, effective charge recombination within the droplet is expected.
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10
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Stauffert O, Izadnia S, Stienkemeier F, Walter M. Optical signatures of pentacene in soft rare-gas environments. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244703. [PMID: 31255055 DOI: 10.1063/1.5097553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acenes and pentacene (Pc), in particular, are promising candidates for organic dyes with interesting properties important for solar light to energy conversion. We present a combined experimental and computational study of Pc in an ultracold environment that allows for high resolution optical spectroscopy. The spectra and their vibrational substructure are interpreted with the help of density functional theory calculations. While there are only slight changes within superfluid helium as compared to vacuum, the neon surface shows more prominent effects. Additional vibrational coupling by neon modes leads to broadening as well as the emergence of new features, like the otherwise symmetry forbidden out-of-plane butterfly mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stauffert
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sharareh Izadnia
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Briant M, Viel A, Mengesha E, Gaveau MA, Soep B, Mestdagh JM, Jamet P, Launay JM, Poisson L. Large amplitude motion within acetylene-rare gas complexes hosted in helium droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1038-1045. [PMID: 30289418 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy of the C2H2-Ar, Kr complexes was performed in the spectral region overlapping the ν3/ν2 + ν4 + ν5 Fermi-type resonance of C2H2. The experiment was conducted along the HElium NanoDroplet Isolation (HENDI) technique in order to study the coupling dynamics between a floppy molecular system (C2H2-Ar and C2H2-Kr) and a mesoscopic quantum liquid (the droplet). Calculations were performed using a spectral element based close-coupling program and state-of-the-art 2-dimensional potential energy surfaces to determine the bound states of the C2H2-Ar and C2H2-Kr complexes and simulate the observed spectra. This furnished a quantitative basis to unravel how the superfluid and non-superfluid components of the droplet affect the rotation and the deformation dynamics of the hosted complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Briant
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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12
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Fischer J, Fuchs S, Slenczka A, Karra M, Friedrich B. Microsolvation of porphine molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by optical line shape at the electronic origin. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:244306. [PMID: 30599728 DOI: 10.1063/1.5052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the line shape at the electronic origin of single porphine molecules doped into superfluid helium droplets as a function of the droplet size. Helium droplets comprised of less than 105 atoms are generated from an expansion of gaseous helium, while droplets with more than 105 atoms originate from liquid helium. In contrast to our recent study on phthalocyanine, porphine is found to exhibit a solvent shift to the blue with respect to the gas-phase resonance frequency as well as a multiplet splitting. A comparison of the helium-induced features of phthalocyanine and porphine with those obtained in similar studies on tetracene and pentacene reveals that these occur chiefly as two kinds of excitations distinguished by their linewidths and their dependence on the droplet size. Moreover, at quasi-bulk conditions achieved with droplets in excess of 106 helium atoms, none of these four dopant species yields an optical spectrum that can be assigned to a plausible rotational band structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Fuchs
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Slenczka
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Karra
- Fritz-Haber-Insitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Friedrich
- Fritz-Haber-Insitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Fuchs S, Fischer J, Slenczka A, Karra M, Friedrich B. Microsolvation of phthalocyanine molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by the optical line shape at electronic origin. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:144301. [PMID: 29655329 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the solvent shift of phthalocyanine (Pc) doped into superfluid helium droplets and probed by optical spectroscopy at the electronic origin. Our present work complements extant studies and provides results that in part contradict previous conclusions. In particular, the solvent shift does not increase monotonously with droplet radius all the way up to the bulk limit, but exhibits just the reverse dependence instead. Moreover, a substructure is resolved, whose characteristics depend on the droplet size. This behavior can hardly be reconciled with that of a freely rotating Pc-helium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fuchs
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Slenczka
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Karra
- Fritz-Haber-Insitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Friedrich
- Fritz-Haber-Insitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Gutiérrez-Quintanilla A, Briant M, Mengesha E, Gaveau MA, Mestdagh JM, Soep B, Crépin C, Poisson L. A HElium NanoDroplet Isolation (HENDI) investigation of the weak hydrogen bonding in the propyne dimer (CH3CCH)2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28658-28666. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04738c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A HElium Nanodroplet Isolation (HENDI) experiment was performed to explore the absorption spectra of the propyne monomer (CH3CCH), dimer and (CH3CCH)≥3 multimers in the vicinity of the CH stretch region ν1 of the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Briant
- LIDYL
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA Saclay
| | - E. Mengesha
- LIDYL
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA Saclay
| | | | | | - B. Soep
- LIDYL
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA Saclay
| | - C. Crépin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO)
- UMR 8214
- CNRS
- F-91405 Orsay
- France
| | - L. Poisson
- LIDYL
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA Saclay
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15
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Briant M, Mengesha E, Gaveau MA, Soep B, Mestdagh JM, Poisson L. Dynamics of acetylene dimers hosted in helium droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2597-2605. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07741f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The CH antisymmetric stretch of the C2H2 moieties in acetylene dimers was explored over the range 3270–3290 cm−1 using the helium nanodroplet isolation (HENDI) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Briant
- LIDYL
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA Saclay
| | - E. Mengesha
- LIDYL
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA Saclay
| | | | - B. Soep
- LIDYL
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA Saclay
| | | | - L. Poisson
- LIDYL
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CEA Saclay
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16
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Ancilotto F, Barranco M, Coppens F, Eloranta J, Halberstadt N, Hernando A, Mateo D, Pi M. Density functional theory of doped superfluid liquid helium and nanodroplets. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1351672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’ and CNISM, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Facultat de Física, Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - François Coppens
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Alberto Hernando
- Social Thermodynamics Applied Research (SThAR), EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Mateo
- Applied Complexity Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martí Pi
- Facultat de Física, Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Electronic Spectroscopy of Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Derivatives in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081244. [PMID: 28757568 PMCID: PMC6152379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanine and porphyrin were among the first organic compounds investigated by means of electronic spectroscopy in superfluid helium nanodroplets. Superfluid helium nanodroplets serve as a very gentle host system for preparing cold and isolated molecules. The uniqueness of helium nanodroplets is with respect to the superfluid phase which warrants the vanishing viscosity and, thus, minimal perturbation of the dopant species at a temperature as low as 0.37 K. These are ideal conditions for the study of molecular spectra in order to analyze structures as well as dynamic processes. Besides the investigation of the dopant species itself, molecular spectroscopy in helium droplets provides information on the helium droplet and in particular on microsolvation. This article, as part of a special issue on phthalocyanines and porphyrins, reviews electronic spectroscopy of phthalocyanine and porphyrin compounds in superfluid helium nanodroplets. In addition to the wide variety of medical as well as technical and synthetical aspects, this article discusses electronic spectroscopy of phthalocyanines and porphyrins in helium droplets in order to learn about both the dopant and the helium environment.
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18
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Raston PL, Jäger W. Rotational Spectroscopic Study of Quantum Solvation in Isotopologic ( pH 2) N–CO Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3671-3678. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Raston
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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19
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Farrelly D, Iñarrea M, Lanchares V, Salas JP. Lieb-Liniger-like model of quantum solvation in CO-(4)HeN clusters. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:204301. [PMID: 27250300 DOI: 10.1063/1.4949537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small (4)He clusters doped with various molecules allow for the study of "quantum solvation" as a function of cluster size. A peculiarity of quantum solvation is that, as the number of (4)He atoms is increased from N = 1, the solvent appears to decouple from the molecule which, in turn, appears to undergo free rotation. This is generally taken to signify the onset of "microscopic superfluidity." Currently, little is known about the quantum mechanics of the decoupling mechanism, mainly because the system is a quantum (N + 1)-body problem in three dimensions which makes computations difficult. Here, a one-dimensional model is studied in which the (4)He atoms are confined to revolve on a ring and encircle a rotating CO molecule. The Lanczos algorithm is used to investigate the eigenvalue spectrum as the number of (4)He atoms is varied. Substantial solvent decoupling is observed for as few as N = 5 (4)He atoms. Examination of the Hamiltonian matrix, which has an almost block diagonal structure, reveals increasingly weak inter-block (solvent-molecule) coupling as the number of (4)He atoms is increased. In the absence of a dopant molecule the system is similar to a Lieb-Liniger (LL) gas and we find a relatively rapid transition to the LL limit as N is increased. In essence, the molecule initially-for very small N-provides a central, if relatively weak, attraction to organize the cluster; as more (4)He atoms are added, the repulsive interactions between the identical bosons start to dominate as the solvation ring (shell) becomes more crowded which causes the molecule to start to decouple. For low N, the molecule pins the atoms in place relative to itself; as N increases the atom-atom repulsion starts to dominate the Hamiltonian and the molecule decouples. We conclude that, while the notion of superfluidity is a useful and correct description of the decoupling process, a molecular viewpoint provides complementary insights into the quantum mechanism of the transition from a molecular cluster to a quantum solvated molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Farrelly
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - M Iñarrea
- Área de Física Aplicada, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - V Lanchares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
| | - J P Salas
- Área de Física Aplicada, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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20
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Leal A, Zhang X, Barranco M, Cargnoni F, Hernando A, Mateo D, Mella M, Drabbels M, Pi M. Dynamics of photoexcited Ba(+) cations in (4)He nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:094302. [PMID: 26957164 DOI: 10.1063/1.4942850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a joint experimental and theoretical study on the desolvation of Ba(+) cations in (4)He nanodroplets excited via the 6p ← 6s transition. The experiments reveal an efficient desolvation process yielding mainly bare Ba(+) cations and Ba(+)Hen exciplexes with n = 1 and 2. The speed distributions of the ions are well described by Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions with temperatures ranging from 60 to 178 K depending on the excitation frequency and Ba(+) Hen exciplex size. These results have been analyzed by calculations based on a time-dependent density functional description for the helium droplet combined with classical dynamics for the Ba(+). In agreement with experiment, the calculations reveal the dynamical formation of exciplexes following excitation of the Ba(+) cation. In contrast to experimental observation, the calculations do not reveal desolvation of excited Ba(+) cations or exciplexes, even when relaxation pathways to lower lying states are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leal
- Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, and INUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, and INUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fausto Cargnoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Hernando
- Social Thermodynamics Applied Research (SThAR), EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiment C, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Mateo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, USA
| | - Massimo Mella
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Marcel Drabbels
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martí Pi
- Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, and INUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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von Vangerow J, John O, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Dynamics of solvation and desolvation of rubidium attached to He nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4926829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - O. John
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F. Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Popov E, Eloranta J. Copper dimer interactions on a thermomechanical superfluid 4He fountain. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:204704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4921778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, California 91330, USA
| | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, California 91330, USA
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23
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Krasnokutski SA, Huisken F. Resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy of Al atoms and dimers solvated in helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:084311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4908533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serge A. Krasnokutski
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friedrich Huisken
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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24
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Vilà A, González M, Mayol R. Photodissociation Dynamics of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules in Helium Nanodroplets. The Case of Cl2@(4He)N. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:899-906. [DOI: 10.1021/ct5011642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Vilà
- Departament
de Química Física i IQTC and ‡Departament d’Estructura
i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí
i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel González
- Departament
de Química Física i IQTC and ‡Departament d’Estructura
i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí
i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Mayol
- Departament
de Química Física i IQTC and ‡Departament d’Estructura
i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí
i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Loginov E, Hernando A, Beswick JA, Halberstadt N, Drabbels M. Excitation of Sodium Atoms Attached to Helium Nanodroplets: The 3p ← 3s Transition Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6033-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511885t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Alberto Beswick
- Laboratoire
des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, CNRS and Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire
des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, CNRS and Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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26
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Pentlehner D, Slenczka A. Helium induced fine structure in the electronic spectra of anthracene derivatives doped into superfluid helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:014311. [PMID: 25573565 DOI: 10.1063/1.4904899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic spectra of organic molecules doped into superfluid helium nanodroplets show characteristic features induced by the helium environment. Besides a solvent induced shift of the electronic transition frequency, in many cases, a spectral fine structure can be resolved for electronic and vibronic transitions which goes beyond the expected feature of a zero phonon line accompanied by a phonon wing as known from matrix isolation spectroscopy. The spectral shape of the zero phonon line and the helium induced phonon wing depends strongly on the dopant species. Phonon wings, for example, are reported ranging from single or multiple sharp transitions to broad (Δν > 100 cm(-1)) diffuse signals. Despite the large number of example spectra in the literature, a quantitative understanding of the helium induced fine structure of the zero phonon line and the phonon wing is missing. Our approach is a systematic investigation of related molecular compounds, which may help to shed light on this key feature of microsolvation in superfluid helium droplets. This paper is part of a comparative study of the helium induced fine structure observed in electronic spectra of anthracene derivatives with particular emphasis on a spectrally sharp multiplet splitting at the electronic origin. In addition to previously discussed species, 9-cyanoanthracene and 9-chloroanthracene will be presented in this study for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pentlehner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Slenczka
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Zhang X, Drabbels M. Elementary Excitations of Superfluid Helium Droplets Probed by Ion Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3100-3105. [PMID: 26276319 DOI: 10.1021/jz501530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electronic spectra of molecules in helium droplets reveal spectral features that are related to the elementary excitations of the superfluid helium environment. In order to determine to what extent the interaction strength of the molecule with the helium affects these excitations, the spectrum corresponding to the B̃(2)A″ ← X̃ (2)A″ transition of 2,5-difluorophenol cations in helium droplets has been recorded. The vibronic resonances reveal a sharp zero-phonon line whose width is largely determined by the rotational band contour, followed by a broad structureless phonon wing at higher frequencies. The splitting between the zero-phonon line and phonon wing is approximately half of that found for neutral 2,5-difluorophenol. This difference is attributed to the increased helium density around the ion due to its strong interaction with the helium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Zhang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Drabbels
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Benedek G, Hizhnyakov V, Toennies JP. The Response of a 3He Fermi Liquid Droplet to Vibronic Excitation of an Embedded Glyoxal Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6574-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503184d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Benedek
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), University of the Basque Country (EHU-UPV), Paseo de Lardizàbal 4, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via
Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Max-Planck Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Hizhnyakov
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia tu. 142, 202400 Tartu, Estonia
| | - J. Peter Toennies
- Max-Planck Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Mateo D, Gonzalez F, Eloranta J. Rotational Superfluidity in Small Helium Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2262-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5057286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Mateo
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111
Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Frisly Gonzalez
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111
Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111
Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
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30
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Premke T, Wirths EM, Pentlehner D, Riechers R, Lehnig R, Vdovin A, Slenczka A. Microsolvation of molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets revealed by means of electronic spectroscopy. Front Chem 2014; 2:51. [PMID: 25077143 PMCID: PMC4100322 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The empirical model explaining microsolvation of molecules in superfluid helium droplets proposes a non-superfluid helium solvation layer enclosing the dopant molecule. This model warrants an empirical explanation of any helium induced substructure resolved for electronic transitions of molecules in helium droplets. Despite a wealth of such experimental data, quantitative modeling of spectra is still in its infancy. The theoretical treatment of such many-particle systems dissolved into a quantum fluid is a challenge. Moreover, the success of theoretical activities relies also on the accuracy and self-critical communication of experimental data. This will be elucidated by a critical resume of our own experimental work done within the last ten years. We come to the conclusion that spectroscopic data and among others in particular the spectral resolution depend strongly on experimental conditions. Moreover, despite the fact that none of the helium induced fine structure speaks against the empirical model for solvation in helium droplets, in many cases an unequivocal assignment of the spectroscopic details is not possible. This ambiguity needs to be considered and a careful and critical communication of experimental results is essential in order to promote success in quantitatively understanding microsolvation in superfluid helium nanodroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Premke
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Wirths
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Alkwin Slenczka
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
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31
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Loginov E, Drabbels M. Dynamics of Excited Sodium Atoms Attached to Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2738-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4121996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Loginov
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
Moléculaire, Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Drabbels
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
Moléculaire, Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Moroshkin P, Lebedev V, Weis A. Spectroscopy of gold atoms isolated in liquid and solid 4He matrices. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:104307. [PMID: 24050344 DOI: 10.1063/1.4820398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a systematic experimental study of absorption and fluorescence spectra of Au atoms in bulk liquid and solid helium matrices. The results are compared to the spectra of Cu atoms studied earlier. We investigate the dependence of the observed spectral lineshapes on the helium pressure. The observed splitting of the 5d(10)6p - 5d(9)6s(2) transitions of Au in hcp solid He gives evidence for an anisotropic trapping site structure formed either by a non-spherical atomic bubble or a four-vacancy center.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moroshkin
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Peter Toennies
- a Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation , Göttingen , Germany
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34
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Huang C, Zhang Q, Chen Y. Helium Droplets: An Apparatus to Study Ultra Cold Chemistry. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/03/270-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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35
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Raston PL, Agarwal J, Turney JM, Schaefer HF, Douberly GE. The ethyl radical in superfluid helium nanodroplets: Rovibrational spectroscopy and ab initio computations. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:194303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4804435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Pentlehner D, Slenczka A. Electronic spectroscopy of 9,10-dichloroanthracene inside helium droplets. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:024313. [PMID: 23320689 DOI: 10.1063/1.4773894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectroscopy of molecules doped into superfluid helium droplets provides information on both, the dopant molecule and the helium environment. Electronic spectra of 9,10-dichloroanthracene in helium droplets are presented and compared with corresponding gas phase spectra to unravel the influence of the helium environment. The combined investigation of fluorescence excitation and dispersed emission provides information on dynamic processes in addition to energetic conditions. For vibronic states, the helium induced decay channels dominate over all intramolecular channels that contribute to the gas phase behavior. In addition to the triplet splitting caused by the Cl isotopes, a fine structure resolved for all transitions in the fluorescence excitation spectrum was found, which is the signature of microsolvation of this compound in helium droplets. This fine structure is identified as a single pure molecular transition accompanied by a sharply structured phonon wing. The corresponding fine structure measured for bare anthracene shows remarkable differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pentlehner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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37
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Raston PL, Liang T, Douberly GE. Infrared spectroscopy of HOOO and DOOO in 4He nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:184302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4764298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Benedek G, Hizhnyakov V. Fermi sea excitations in the optical spectrum of a doped 3He droplet. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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40
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Pörtner N, Toennies JP, Vilesov AF, Stienkemeier F. Anomalous fine structures of the 000band of tetracene in large He droplets and their dependence on droplet size. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.679633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Raston PL, Kelloway DD, Jäger W. Infrared spectroscopy of HOCl embedded in superfluid helium nanodroplets: Probing the dynamical response of the solvent. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:014302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4731283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Hizhnyakov V. Zero-phonon lines of systems with different dimensions and unconventional vibronic interactions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:104011. [PMID: 22353367 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/10/104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The standard theory of the optical spectra of impurity centres in solids predicts the Lorentzian shape of the zero-phonon lines to have temperature-dependent position and width. However, in recent years different systems, including ones of reduced dimension, have been found, in which remarkable deviations from the standard laws have been observed. Generalizations of the theory to these systems are presented. Among other things, the quantum liquid 3He doped by optical centres is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hizhnyakov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Kohnle V, Léger Y, Wouters M, Richard M, Portella-Oberli MT, Deveaud-Plédran B. From single particle to superfluid excitations in a dissipative polariton gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:255302. [PMID: 21770650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.255302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using an angle-resolved heterodyne four-wave-mixing technique, we probe the low momentum excitation spectrum of a coherent polariton gas. The experimental results are well captured by the Bogoliubov transformation which describes the transition from single particle excitations of a normal fluid to soundlike excitations of a superfluid. In a dense coherent polariton gas, we find all the characteristics of a Bogoliubov transformation, i.e., the positive and negative energy branch with respect to the polariton gas energy at rest, soundlike shapes for the excitations dispersion, intensity, and linewidth ratio between the two branches in agreement with the theory. The influence of the nonequilibrium character of the polariton gas is shown by a careful analysis of its dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kohnle
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Whitley HD, DuBois JL, Whaley KB. Theoretical Analysis of the Anomalous Spectral Splitting of Tetracene in 4He Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7220-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Whitley
- Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Jonathan L. DuBois
- Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - K. Birgitta Whaley
- Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Pentlehner D, Riechers R, Vdovin A, Pötzl GM, Slenczka A. Electronic spectroscopy of molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets: an excellent sensor for intramolecular charge redistribution. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7034-43. [PMID: 21615111 DOI: 10.1021/jp112351u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electronic spectra of molecules doped into superfluid (4)He nanodroplets reveal important details of the microsolvation in superfluid helium. The vibrational fine structure in the electronic spectra of phthalocyanine derivatives and pyrromethene dye molecules doped into superfluid helium droplets have been investigated. Together with previous studies on anthracene derivatives [J. Chem. Phys.2010, 133, 114505] and 3-hydroxyflavone [J. Chem. Phys.2009, 131, 194307], the line shapes vary between two limiting cases, namely, sharp Lorentzians and nonresolved vibrational fine structure. All different spectral signatures are initiated by the same effect, namely, the change of the electron density distribution initiated by the electronic excitation. This change can be quantified by the difference of the electrostatic moments of the molecule in the electronic ground state and the corresponding Franck-Condon point in the excited state. According to the experimental data, electronic spectroscopy suffers from drastic line broadening when accompanied by significant changes of the charge distribution, in particular, changes of the dipole moment. Vice versa, the vibrational fine structure in electronic spectra of molecules doped into helium droplets is highly sensitive to changes of the electron density distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pentlehner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Stromeck-Faderl A, Pentlehner D, Kensy U, Dick B. High-Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of the BODIPY Chromophore in Supersonic Beam and Superfluid Helium Droplets. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:1969-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Raston PL, Knapp CJ, Jäger W. Rotovibrational spectroscopy of hydrogen peroxide embedded in superfluid helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18789-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21348b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Orr BJ. Spectroscopy and energetics of the acetylene molecule: dynamical complexity alongside structural simplicity. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350600892577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Orr
- a Department of Physics and Centre for Lasers and Applications , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia
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Krasnokutski SA, Huisken F. Ultra-Low-Temperature Reactions of Mg Atoms with O2 Molecules in Helium Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7292-300. [DOI: 10.1021/jp103947z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge A. Krasnokutski
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friedrich Huisken
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Koch M, Callegari C, Ernst WE. Alkali-metal electron spin density shift induced by a helium nanodroplet. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268971003623401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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