1
|
Kerrigan H, Masnavi M, Bernath R, Fairchild SR, Richardson M. Laser-plasma coupling for enhanced ablation of GaAs with combined femtosecond and nanosecond pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18481-18494. [PMID: 34154103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.420599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The laser-plasma interactions that occur during the ablation of solid materials by a femtosecond filament superimposed with a lower-intensity nanosecond pulse are investigated. Pulses of 50 fs duration with intensities of ∼1014 W/cm2 centered at 800 nm are combined with 8 ns pulses at 1064 nm with ∼1010 W/cm2 intensity with delays of ±40 ns on crystalline GaAs targets in air. For each delay, the volume of material removed by a single femtosecond-nanosecond dual-pulse is compared to the laser-plasma interactions that are captured with ultrafast shadowgraph imaging of the plasma and shockwave generated by each pulse. Sedov-Taylor analysis of the shockwaves provides insight on the coupling of energy from the second pulse to the plasma. These dynamics are corroborated with radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. The interaction of the secondary pulse with the pre-existent plasma is shown to play a critical role in enhancing the material removal.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kerrigan H, Fairchild SR, Richardson M. Nanosecond laser coupling for increased filament ablation. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:2594-2597. [PMID: 31090740 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laser filaments can project intensities sufficient to ablate materials at long ranges, but the clamping of a filament's intensity to ∼1014 W/cm2 limits the effective ablation of targets with which the laser pulses interact. We seek to identify regimes in which auxiliary radiation can be used to augment the ablation created by single filaments. In this work, the combination of an 800 nm, 50 fs beam at single filament intensity and a 1064 nm, 8 ns laser pulse is studied. The ablation of GaAs is quantitatively evaluated for varying interpulse delays. Under optimum conditions, an ∼threefold increase in the ablation is observed. The metrology and surface features of the resultant ablation craters are examined to gain insight on the mechanisms of ablation in the dual-pulse cases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Highly extended filaments in aqueous gold nano-particle colloidals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5957. [PMID: 29654307 PMCID: PMC5899100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new regime of filamentation has been discovered in aqueous gold nanoparticle colloidals (AGNC). Different from filamentation in liquids, in this regime, by doping water with gold nanoparticles, there is no observable multiple small-scale filaments, but instead a spatially continuous plasma channel is formed. The length of the filament is more than ten times as compared with that in water. Filamentation in AGNC is characterized by a colorful light channel, with generated supercontinuum ranging from 400 nm to 650 nm which is scattered along a cyan-orange path.
Collapse
|
4
|
Berezhiani VI, Shatashvili NL, Mahajan SM, Aleksić BN. Vortex bubble formation in pair plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:015101. [PMID: 23944600 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that delocalized vortex solitons in relativistic pair plasmas with small temperature asymmetries can be unstable for intermediate intensities of the background electromagnetic field. Instability leads to the generation of ever-expanding cavitating bubbles in which the electromagnetic fields are zero. The existence of such electromagnetic bubbles is demonstrated by qualitative arguments based on a hydrodynamic analogy, and by numerical solutions of the appropriate nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a saturating nonlinearity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V I Berezhiani
- Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Tbilisi 0177, Georgia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Femtosecond laser filamentation for atmospheric sensing. SENSORS 2010; 11:32-53. [PMID: 22346566 PMCID: PMC3274092 DOI: 10.3390/s110100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Powerful femtosecond laser pulses propagating in transparent materials result in the formation of self-guided structures called filaments. Such filamentation in air can be controlled to occur at a distance as far as a few kilometers, making it ideally suited for remote sensing of pollutants in the atmosphere. On the one hand, the high intensity inside the filaments can induce the fragmentation of all matters in the path of filaments, resulting in the emission of characteristic fluorescence spectra (fingerprints) from the excited fragments, which can be used for the identification of various substances including chemical and biological species. On the other hand, along with the femtosecond laser filamentation, white-light supercontinuum emission in the infrared to UV range is generated, which can be used as an ideal light source for absorption Lidar. In this paper, we present an overview of recent progress concerning remote sensing of the atmosphere using femtosecond laser filamentation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu Y, Xiong H, Xu H, Yao J, Zeng B, Chu W, Cheng Y, Xu Z, Liu W, Chin SL. Generation of extended filaments of femtosecond pulses in air by use of a single-step phase plate. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:3752-3754. [PMID: 19953184 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that by use of a phase plate that is placed between an adjustable aperture and a focusing lens, the length of the filament can be dramatically extended in air with a femtosecond laser pulse. In addition, the far-field beam profile captured after the filament indicates that the supercontinuum is strongly confined on axis, and a single filament appears to be attainable at relatively high input pulse power when the phase plate is used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-211, Shanghai 201800, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song Z, Zhang Z, Nakajima T. Transverse-mode dependence of femtosecond filamentation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:12217-12229. [PMID: 19654624 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.012217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the transverse-mode dependence of femtosecond filamentation in Ar gas. Three different transverse modes, Bessel, Gaussian, and Laguerre modes, are considered for incident laser pulses. By solving the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation coupled with the electron density equation, we find that the lengths of the filament and the plasma channel induced by the Bessel incident beam is much longer than the other transverse modes with the same peak intensity, pulse duration, and beam diameter. Moreover we find that the temporal profile of the pulse with the Bessel incident mode is nearly undistorted during the propagation. Since the pulse energy that the Bessel beam can carry is more than one order of magnitude larger than the other modes for the same peak intensity, pulse duration, and beam diameter, the Bessel beam can be a very powerful tool in ultrafast nonlinear optics involving propagation in a Kerr medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Song
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davydova TA, Yakimenko AI, Zaliznyak YA. Two-dimensional solitons and vortices in normal and anomalous dispersive media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:026402. [PMID: 12636817 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.026402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study solitons and vortices described by the (2+1)-dimensional fourth-order generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cubic-quintic nonlinearity. Necessary conditions for the existence of such structures are investigated analytically using conservation laws and asymptotic behavior of localized solutions. We derive the generalized virial relation, which describes the combined influence of linear and nonlinear effects on the evolution of the wave packet envelope. By means of refined variational analysis, we predict the main features of steady soliton solutions, which have been shown to be in good agreement with our numerical results. Soliton and vortex stability is investigated by linear analysis and direct numerical simulations. We show that stable bright solitons exist in nonlinear Kerr media both in anomalous and normal dispersive regimes, even if only the fourth-order dispersive effect is taken into account. Vortices occur robust with respect to symmetry-breaking azimuthal instability only in the presence of additional defocusing quintic nonlinearity in the strongly nonlinear regime. We apply our results to the theoretical explanation of whistler self-induced waveguide propagation in plasmas, and discuss possible applications to light beam propagation in cubic-quintic optical materials and to solitons in two-dimensional molecular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Davydova
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Prospect Nauki 47, Kiev 03680, Ukraine.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong QL, Sheng ZM, Zhang J. Self-focusing and merging of two copropagating laser beams in underdense plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:027402. [PMID: 12241329 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.027402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of two laser beams copropagating in underdense plasma has been studied numerically by solving their coupled envelope equations. It shows that two beams can merge each other, or split into three beams, or propagate with unstable trajectories, depending upon their power and initial beam separation. During the merging process, strong emission of radiation is observed. It also shows that the density cavitation channels due to the transverse ponderomotive force of the beams tend to trap them inside and prevent them from merging each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Li Dong
- Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sheng ZM, Nishihara K, Honda T, Sentoku Y, Mima K, Bulanov SV. Anisotropic filamentation instability of intense laser beams in plasmas near the critical density. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:066409. [PMID: 11736284 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.066409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The relativistic filamentation instability (RFI) of linearly polarized intense laser beams in plasmas near the critical density is investigated. It is found that the RFI is anisotropic to transverse perturbations in this case; a homogeneous laser beam evolves to a stratified structure parallel to the laser polarization direction, as demonstrated recently with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations by Nishihara et al. [Proc. SPIE 3886, 90 (2000)]. A weakly relativistic theory is developed for plasmas near the critical density. It shows that the anisotropy of the RFI results from a suppression of the instability in the laser polarization direction due to the electrostatic response. The anisotropic RFI is also analyzed based on an envelope equation for the laser beam. Finally, the envelope equation is solved numerically, and anisotropic filamentation and self-focusing are illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z M Sheng
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fibich G, Ilan B. Deterministic vectorial effects lead to multiple filamentation. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:840-842. [PMID: 18040468 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The standard explanation for multiple filamentation of laser pulses is that it is caused by noise in the input beam. We propose an alternative explanation that is based on deterministic vectorial (polarization) effects. We present numerical simulations in support of the vectorial-effects explanation and suggest a simple experiment for deciding whether multiple filamentation is due to vectorial effects.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren C, Hemker RG, Fonseca RA, Duda BJ, Mori WB. Mutual attraction of laser beams in plasmas: braided light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:2124-2127. [PMID: 10970478 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using a variational method, we show that an effective attractive force exists between two Gaussian laser beams in a plasma because of a mutual coupling from relativistic mass corrections. The effective force can be generalized to other nonlinearities. This force can cause two laser beams to spiral around each other with a rotation period that is proportional to the Rayleigh length. These orbits are stable if the ratio of the orbit diameter to the laser spot size d(0)/W(0)</=sqrt[2]. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are presented which confirm the mutual attraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ren
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanaka KA, Allen MM, Pukhov A, Kodama R, Fujita H, Kato Y, Kawasaki T, Kitagawa Y, Mima K, Morio N, Shiraga H, Iwata M, Miyakoshi T, Yamanaka T. Evidence of relativistic laser beam filamentation in back-reflected images. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:2672-2677. [PMID: 11088747 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/1999] [Revised: 03/02/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The back-reflected image of a 100 TW laser incident on a long scale length plasma is measured. The plasma is deliberately preformed on a solid planar target in a controlled way. Multiple highly intense spots are observed inside the original focal spot. These spots could be the experimental evidence for the laser beam relativistic filamentation in the plasma. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for parameters close to the experimental values are performed. The experimental observations and the filamentation dynamics obtained in the PIC simulations are in a good agreement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KA Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Krishnan M, Saleh N, Wang H, Umstadter D. Electron acceleration and the propagation of ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses in plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:5324-5327. [PMID: 10990934 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reported are interactions of high-intensity laser pulses ( lambda = 810 nm and I</=3x10(18) W/cm(2)) with plasmas in a new parameter regime, in which the pulse duration ( tau = 29 fs) corresponds to 0. 6-2.6 plasma periods. Relativistic filamentation is observed to cause laser-beam breakup and scattering of the beam out of the vacuum propagation angle. A beam of megaelectronvolt electrons with divergence angle as small as 1 degrees is generated in the forward direction, which is correlated to the growth of the relativistic filamentation. Raman scattering, however, is found to be much less than previous long-pulse results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pesme D, Rozmus W, Tikhonchuk VT, Maximov A, Ourdev I, Still CH. Resonant instability of laser filaments in a plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:278-281. [PMID: 11015890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stability of nonlinear laser light filaments in a homogeneous isothermal plasma with respect to coupled electromagnetic and density perturbations is examined. In addition to the previously known modulational instability of a trapped electromagnetic mode, a new fast growing resonant instability is found. It corresponds to the growth of an excited eigenmode in the waveguide formed by the filament density depletion, the associated density response being supersonic and transversally localized. The evolution of the instability is illustrated by numerical simulations in two and three spatial dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pesme
- Centre de Physique Theorique, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, Cedex France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|