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Schlögl R. Interfacial catalytic materials; challenge for inorganic synthetic chemistry. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Interfacial catalysts are indispensable functional materials in the energy transformation. The traditional empirical search strategies reach their potential. Knowledge-based approaches have not been able to deliver innovative and scalable solutions. Following a short analysis of the origin of these shortcomings a fresh attempt on the material challenge of catalysis is proposed. The approach combines functional understanding of material dynamics derived from operando analysis with digital catalysis science guiding the exploration of non-linear interactions of material genes to catalytic functions. This critically requires the ingenuity of the synthetic inorganic chemist to let us understand the reactivity of well-defined materials under the specific conditions of catalytic operation. It is the understanding of how the kinetics of phase changes brings about and destroys active sites in catalytic materials that forms the basis of realistic material concepts. A rigorous prediction and engineering of these processes may not be possible due to the complexity of options involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Mülheim a.d. Ruhr , Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society , Berlin , Germany
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2
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Density functional theory study of BiRun (n = 3–20) clusters: Structural, electronic and adsorptive properties for hazardous gases. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Wang M, Boscoboinik JA, Lu D. Exfoliating silica bilayers via intercalation at the silica/transition metal interface. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:135702. [PMID: 34911055 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the silica (SiO2) bilayer (BL) films on transition metal (TM) surfaces creates a new class of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline, self-contained materials that interact weakly with the TM substrate. The BL-silica/TM heterojunction has shown unique physical and chemical properties that can lead to new chemical reaction mechanisms under the sub-nm confinement and broad potential applications ranging from surface protection, nano transistors, molecular sieves to nuclear waste removal. Novel applications of BL-silica can be further explored as a constituent of van der Waals assembly of 2D materials. Key to these applications is an unmet technical challenge to exfoliate and transfer BL-silica films in a large area from one substrate to another without material damage. In this study, we propose a new exfoliation mechanism based on gas molecule intercalation from density functional theory studies of the BL-silica/TM heterojunction. We found that the intercalation of O atoms and CO molecules at the BL-silica/TM interface weakens the BL-silica-TM hybridization, which results in an exponential decrease of the exfoliation energy against the interface distance as the coverage of interfacial species increases. This new intercalation mechanism opens up the opportunity for non-damaging exfoliation and transfer of large area silica bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengen Wang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
- Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States of America
| | - J Anibal Boscoboinik
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Deyu Lu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
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4
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Kelsall J, Townsend PSM, Ellis J, Jardine AP, Avidor N. Ultrafast Diffusion at the Onset of Growth: O/Ru(0001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:155901. [PMID: 33929255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.155901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic clustering in a 2D disordered phase is observed for oxygen on Ru(0001) at low coverages and high temperatures. We study the coexistence of quasistatic clusters (with a characteristic length of ∼9 Å) and highly mobile atomic oxygen which diffuses between the energy-inequivalent, threefold hollow sites of the substrate. We determine a surprisingly low activation energy for diffusion of 385±20 meV. The minimum of the O-O interadsorbate potential appears to be at lower separations than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Kelsall
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S M Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - John Ellis
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Jardine
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nadav Avidor
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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5
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Miller BK, Crozier PA. Linking Changes in Reaction Kinetics and Atomic-Level Surface Structures on a Supported Ru Catalyst for CO Oxidation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Miller
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, United States
| | - Peter A. Crozier
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, United States
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6
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Collinge G, Yuk SF, Nguyen MT, Lee MS, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R. Effect of Collective Dynamics and Anharmonicity on Entropy in Heterogenous Catalysis: Building the Case for Advanced Molecular Simulations. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Collinge
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simuck F. Yuk
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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7
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Hung SH, Akiba H, Yamamuro O, Ozaki T. Structural investigation of ternary PdRuM (M = Pt, Rh, or Ir) nanoparticles using first-principles calculations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16527-16536. [PMID: 35498819 PMCID: PMC9053210 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01661f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo sampling to investigate the structures of ternary PdRuM (M = Pt, Rh, or Ir) nanoparticles (NPs) with respect to three different spherical shapes. The morphologies include hexagonal close-packed (hcp), truncated-octahedral (fcc), and icosahedral (Ih, fcc) shapes with 57, 55, and 55 atoms, respectively. The calculations show that the atomic position is dominant in determining the stability of the ternary NPs. For bare ternary NPs, Pd and Ru atoms favor a location on the vertex sites and the core, respectively, which can be understood by the surface energy of the corresponding slab models. For single-crystalline NPs, the binary shell could be either a solid solution or a segregation alloy depending on composition and morphology. However, polycrystalline Ih NPs only form segregated binary shells surrounding the Ru core. Such configurations tend to minimize the surface lattice to gain more energy from the d orbital of the transition metals. In addition to the bare NPs, we study the oxidized ternary NPs. The results show that the Ru atoms penetrate outwards from the core to the surface reducing the oxidation formation energy. Furthermore, oxygen adsorption facilitates Pt, Pd, and Pd penetration into the PdRuPt, PdRuRh, and PdRuIr NPs, respectively. Most of the oxide shells are a solid solution, except for the PdRuRh NP with an Ih shape, which is found to be in a segregation shell. The free energy calculation reveals that the pure hcp NPs are thermodynamically unstable under oxygen-rich conditions. This work clearly demonstrates the structural trends of small ternary NPs and their oxidation, unveiling that the structural trends can be understood by the surface formation energy and the interplay between adsorbent and adsorbing oxygen atoms. First-principles calculations and Monte Carlo sampling was used to investigate the structures of PdRuM (M = Pt, Rh, or Ir) nanoparticles with three different spherical shapes. Oxygen adsorption facilitates Ru penetration from core to surface sites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsuan Hung
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiba
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamuro
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Taisuke Ozaki
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
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8
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Vinogradova O, Krishnamurthy D, Pande V, Viswanathan V. Quantifying Confidence in DFT-Predicted Surface Pourbaix Diagrams of Transition-Metal Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12259-12269. [PMID: 30240564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been widely used to predict the activity of catalysts based on the free energies of reaction intermediates. The incorporation of the state of the catalyst surface under the electrochemical operating conditions while constructing the free-energy diagram is crucial, without which even trends in activity predictions could be imprecisely captured. Surface Pourbaix diagrams indicate the surface state as a function of the pH and the potential. In this work, we utilize error-estimation capabilities within the Bayesian ensemble error functional with van der Waals correlations exchange correlation functional as an ensemble approach to propagate the uncertainty associated with the adsorption energetics in the construction of Pourbaix diagrams. Within this approach, surface-transition phase boundaries are no longer sharp and are therefore associated with a finite width. We determine the surface phase diagram for several transition metals under reaction conditions and electrode potentials relevant for the oxygen reduction reaction. We observe that our surface phase predictions for most predominant species are in good agreement with cyclic voltammetry experiments and prior DFT studies. We use the OH* intermediate for comparing adsorption characteristics on Pt(111), Pt(100), Pd(111), Ir(111), Rh(111), and Ru(0001) since it has been shown to have a higher prediction efficiency relative to O*, and find the trend Ru > Rh > Ir > Pt > Pd for (111) metal facets, where Ru binds OH* the strongest. We robustly predict the likely surface phase as a function of reaction conditions by associating confidence values for quantifying the confidence in predictions within the Pourbaix diagram. We define a confidence quantifying metric, using which certain experimentally observed surface phases and peak assignments can be better rationalized. The probabilistic approach enables a more accurate determination of the surface structure and can readily be incorporated in computational studies for better understanding the catalyst surface under operating conditions.
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9
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Ghoshal S, Jia Q, Li J, Campos F, Chisholm CR, Mukerjee S. Electrochemical and In Situ Spectroscopic Evidences toward Empowering Ruthenium-Based Chalcogenides as Solid Acid Fuel Cell Cathodes. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shraboni Ghoshal
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Qingying Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jingkun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fernando Campos
- SAF Cell
Inc., 36 South Chester Avenue, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Calum. R.I Chisholm
- SAF Cell
Inc., 36 South Chester Avenue, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Sanjeev Mukerjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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10
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Goriachko A, Over H. The Nanostructuring of Atomically Flat Ru(0001) upon Oxidation and Reduction. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:534. [PMID: 27905096 PMCID: PMC5130973 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The O/Ru(0001) system is widely studied due to its rich phase variety of various stoichiometry and atomic arrangements, including the formation of a RuO2/Ru(0001) oxide layer. Apart from homogeneous ruthenium surfaces in certain oxidation states, also strongly heterogeneous surfaces can exist due to oxidation state's variation at the nanoscale. We report on a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the nanostructuring of the oxidized Ru(0001) surface as a result of its interaction with molecular oxygen at elevated temperatures and subsequent reduction of a resulting RuO2 film by CO or HCl molecules from the gas phase in high-vacuum environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goriachko
- Department of Physical Electronics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkova 4G, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine.
| | - H Over
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Energy Level Shifts at the Silica/Ru(0001) Heterojunction Driven by Surface and Interface Dipoles. Top Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-016-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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13
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Cahyanto WT, Widanarto W, Effendi M, Kasai H. Stability of atomic oxygen chemisorption on Pt-alloy surfaces. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Tri Cahyanto
- Department of Physics; Universitas Jenderal Soedirman; Jl. Dr. Soeparno, Karangwangkal Purwokerto 53123 Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Widanarto
- Department of Physics; Universitas Jenderal Soedirman; Jl. Dr. Soeparno, Karangwangkal Purwokerto 53123 Indonesia
| | - Mukhtar Effendi
- Department of Physics; Universitas Jenderal Soedirman; Jl. Dr. Soeparno, Karangwangkal Purwokerto 53123 Indonesia
| | - Hideaki Kasai
- Insitute of Industrial Science; The University of Tokyo; Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Akashi National College of Technology; Akashi Hyogo 674-8501 Japan
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14
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Dong A, Fu Q, Wu H, Wei M, Bao X. Factors controlling the CO intercalation of h-BN overlayers on Ru(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24278-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Critical factors influencing the CO intercalation of h-BN were investigated including CO partial pressure, h-BN coverage, and oxygen pre-adsorption on Ru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- iChEM
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- iChEM
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- iChEM
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Mingming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- iChEM
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- iChEM
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
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15
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Flege JI, Lachnitt J, Mazur D, Sutter P, Falta J. Role of RuO2(100) in surface oxidation and CO oxidation catalysis on Ru(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:213-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of Ru(0001) induces the simultaneous formation of RuO2(100) and RuO2(110) and a structure-sensitive oxygen spillover during CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ingo Flege
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Jan Lachnitt
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Charles University in Prague
- 18000 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Mazur
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Charles University in Prague
- 18000 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sutter
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Jens Falta
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
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16
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Kang K, Kleyn AW, Gleeson MA. Kinetic analysis of interaction between N atoms and O-covered Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2015; 143:164708. [PMID: 26520544 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eley-Rideal (ER) reactions involving neutral atoms heavier than hydrogen reacting with adsorbed atoms of similar mass were first observed in recent molecular beam experiments by Zaharia et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 053201 (2014)]. Through analysis of two types of measurements, they obtained different estimations for the N-O ER reaction cross section, one of which is unexpectedly high. This was qualitatively accounted for by invoking a secondary effect whereby the presence of N adatoms on the surface acted to "shield" O adatoms from prompt recombinative desorption. We apply a rate equation model that includes two ER processes involving different adsorbed species (N-Oad and N-Nad) and an N-adsorption process to the full-beam exposure subset of the experimental data in order to study the reaction kinetics. Values for the individual reaction cross sections are derived. The measured N2 response can be well described by the model, but it is insufficient to completely describe the NO response. Modeling of different exposures is used to evaluate the qualitative picture presented by Zaharia et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Center of Interface Dynamics for Sustainability, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - A W Kleyn
- Center of Interface Dynamics for Sustainability, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - M A Gleeson
- FOM Institute DIFFER (Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy Research), P.O. Box 6336, 5600 HH Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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17
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Cai JQ, Luo HJ, Tao XM, Tan MQ. Initial Subsurface Incorporation of Oxygen into Ru(0001): A Density Functional Theory Study. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3937-48. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiu Cai
- Department of Physics; Zhejiang University; No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering; Wenzhou University, Chashan Higher Education Park; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Hai-Jun Luo
- Department of Physics; Zhejiang University; No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering; Wenzhou University, Chashan Higher Education Park; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Xiang-Ming Tao
- Department of Physics; Zhejiang University; No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ming-Qiu Tan
- Department of Physics; Zhejiang University; No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
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18
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Tsai C, Latimer AA, Yoo JS, Studt F, Abild-Pedersen F. Predicting Promoter-Induced Bond Activation on Solid Catalysts Using Elementary Bond Orders. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3670-3674. [PMID: 26722740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we examine bond activation induced by nonmetal surface promoters in the context of dehydrogenation reactions. We use C-H bond activation in methane dehydrogenation on transition metals as an example to understand the origin of the promoting or poisoning effect of nonmetals. The electronic structure of the surface and the bond order of the promoter are found to establish all trends in bond activation. On the basis of these results, we develop a predictive model that successfully describes the energetics of C-H, O-H, and N-H bond activation across a range of reactions. For a given reaction step, a single data point determines whether a nonmetal will promote bond activation or poison the surface and by how much. We show how our model leads to general insights that can be directly used to predict bond activation energetics on transition metal sulfides and oxides, which can be perceived as promoted surfaces. These results can then be directly used in studies on full catalytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Tsai
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Allegra A Latimer
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jong Suk Yoo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Felix Studt
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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19
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Krasovskii EE, Höcker J, Falta J, Flege JI. Surface resonances in electron reflection from overlayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:035501. [PMID: 25538024 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/3/035501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron scattering by oxygen monolayers on the Ru(0 0 0 1) surface is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Sharp transmission resonances at low energies are revealed and established to originate from critical points of a special kind in the complex band structure of the substrate. Electron reflection from the clean and oxidized Ru(0 0 0 1) is measured for kinetic energies up to 40 eV at normal incidence for oxygen coverages of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and one monolayer. The reflection spectra R(E) are analyzed using a Bloch-waves based ab initio scattering theory. In addition to the substrate-induced resonances the reconstructed (2 × 1) and (2 × 2) surfaces show surface resonances due to pre-emergent secondary diffraction beams. The R(E) spectra are shown to give unambiguous evidence of the hcp stacking of the oxygen layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Krasovskii
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain. Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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20
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Goritzka JC, Herd B, Krause PPT, Falta J, Flege JI, Over H. Insights into the gas phase oxidation of Ru(0001) on the mesoscopic scale using molecular oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13895-903. [PMID: 25945505 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an extensive mesoscale study of the initial gas phase oxidation of Ru(0001), employing in situ low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), micro low-energy electron diffraction (μ-LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Goritzka
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Justus-Liebig-University
- 35390 Giessen
- Germany
| | - Benjamin Herd
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Justus-Liebig-University
- 35390 Giessen
- Germany
| | | | - Jens Falta
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - J. Ingo Flege
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Herbert Over
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Justus-Liebig-University
- 35390 Giessen
- Germany
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21
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Yoo JS, Khan TS, Abild-Pedersen F, Nørskov JK, Studt F. On the role of the surface oxygen species during A–H (A = C, N, O) bond activation: a density functional theory study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2621-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During A–H (A = C, N, O) bond cleavage on O* or OH* pre-covered (111) surfaces, the oxygen species play the role of modifying the reaction energy by changing the species involved in the initial and final states of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Suk Yoo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science & Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Tuhin S. Khan
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science & Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science & Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science & Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Felix Studt
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science & Catalysis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
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22
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Xing B, Wang GC. Insight into the general rule for the activation of the X–H bonds (X = C, N, O, S) induced by chemisorbed oxygen atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2621-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Palacio I, Monti M, Marco JF, McCarty KF, de la Figuera J. Initial stages of FeO growth on Ru(0001). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:484001. [PMID: 24200910 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/48/484001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study how FeO wüstite films on Ru(0001) grow by oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy at elevated temperatures (800–900 K). The nucleation and growth of FeO islands are observed in real time by low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM). When the growth is performed in an oxygen pressure of 10(−6) Torr, the islands are of bilayer thickness (Fe–O–Fe–O). In contrast, under a pressure of 10(−8) Torr, the islands are a single FeO layer thick. We propose that the film thickness is controlled by the concentration of oxygen adsorbed on the Ru. More specifically, when monolayer growth increases the adsorbed oxygen concentration above a limiting value, its growth is suppressed. Increasing the temperature at a fixed oxygen pressure decreases the density of FeO islands. However, the nucleation density is not a monotonic function of oxygen pressure.
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24
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Stampfl C, Scheffler M. Coadsorption of CO and O on Ru(0001): A Structural Analysis by Density Functional Theory. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199800047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Gsell M, Stichler M, Jakob P, Menzel D. Formation and Geometry of a High-Coverage Oxygen Adlayer on Ru(001), the p(2 × 2)-3O Phase. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F. Weaver
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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27
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Kuhlenbeck H, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund HJ. Well-Ordered Transition Metal Oxide Layers in Model Catalysis – A Series of Case Studies. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3986-4034. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300312n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Kuhlenbeck
- Fritz Haber Institute der Max Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6,
14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shamil Shaikhutdinov
- Fritz Haber Institute der Max Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6,
14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Freund
- Fritz Haber Institute der Max Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6,
14195 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Liu B, Jin J, Hardacre C, Hu P, Lin W. Combined studies of DFT atomistic modelling and in situ FTIR spectroscopy on surface oxidants and CO oxidation at Ru electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Sutter P, Ciobanu CV, Sutter E. Real-time microscopy of graphene growth on epitaxial metal films: role of template thickness and strain. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2250-2257. [PMID: 22517630 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial transition metal films have recently been introduced as substrates for the scalable synthesis of transferable graphene. Here, real-time microscopy is used to study graphene growth on epitaxial Ru films on sapphire. At high temperatures, high-quality graphene grows in macroscopic (>100 μm) domains to full surface coverage. Graphene nucleation and growth characteristics on thin (100 nm) Ru films are consistent with a pure surface chemical vapor deposition process, without detectable contributions from C segregation. Experiments on thicker (1 μm) films show a systematic suppression of the C uptake into the metal to levels substantially below those expected from bulk C solubility data, consistent with a strain-induced reduction of the C solubility due to gas bubbles acting as stressors in the epitaxial Ru films. The results identify two powerful approaches--i) limiting the template thickness and ii) tuning the interstitial C solubility via strain--for controlling graphene growth on metals with high C solubility, such as Ru, Pt, Rh, Co, and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sutter
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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30
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Yang B, Kaden WE, Yu X, Boscoboinik JA, Martynova Y, Lichtenstein L, Heyde M, Sterrer M, Włodarczyk R, Sierka M, Sauer J, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund HJ. Thin silica films on Ru(0001): monolayer, bilayer and three-dimensional networks of [SiO4] tetrahedra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11344-51. [PMID: 22797775 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41355h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atomic structure of thin silica films grown over a Ru(0001) substrate was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, helium ion scattering spectroscopy, CO temperature programmed desorption, and scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. The films were prepared by Si vapor deposition and subsequent oxidation at high temperatures. The silica film first grows as a monolayer of corner-sharing [SiO(4)] tetrahedra strongly bonded to the Ru(0001) surface through the Si-O-Ru linkages. At increasing amounts of Si, the film forms a bilayer of corner-sharing [SiO(4)] tetrahedra which is weakly bonded to Ru(0001). The bilayer film can be grown in either the crystalline or vitreous state, or both coexisting. Further increasing the film thickness leads to the formation of vitreous silica exhibiting a three-dimensional network of [SiO(4)]. The principal structure of the films can be monitored by infrared spectroscopy, as each structure shows a characteristic vibrational band, i.e., ∼1135 cm(-1) for a monolayer film, ∼1300 cm(-1) for the bilayer structures, and ∼1250 cm(-1) for the bulk-like vitreous silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Abteilung Chemische Physik, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradyweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Over H. Surface Chemistry of Ruthenium Dioxide in Heterogeneous Catalysis and Electrocatalysis: From Fundamental to Applied Research. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3356-426. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200247n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Gao F, Goodman DW. CO oxidation over ruthenium: identification of the catalytically active phases at near-atmospheric pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6688-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Sutter P, Lahiri J, Albrecht P, Sutter E. Chemical vapor deposition and etching of high-quality monolayer hexagonal boron nitride films. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7303-7309. [PMID: 21793550 DOI: 10.1021/nn202141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The growth of large-area hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayers on catalytic metal substrates is a topic of scientific and technological interest. We have used real-time microscopy during the growth process to study h-BN chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from borazine on Ru(0001) single crystals and thin films. At low borazine pressures, individual h-BN domains nucleate sparsely, grow to macroscopic dimensions, and coalescence to form a closed monolayer film. A quantitative analysis shows borazine adsorption and dissociation predominantly on Ru, with the h-BN covered areas being at least 100 times less reactive. We establish strong effects of hydrogen added to the CVD precursor gas in controlling the in-plane expansion and morphology of the growing h-BN domains. High-temperature exposure of h-BN/Ru to pure hydrogen causes the controlled edge detachment of B and N and can be used as a clean etching process for h-BN on metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sutter
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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34
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Nieto P, Barredo D, Farías D, Miranda R. In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Diffraction of H2 from Ru(001). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7283-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200502v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nieto
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Barredo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Farías
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales “Nicolás Cabrera”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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35
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Nieto P, Farías D, Miranda R, Luppi M, Baerends EJ, Somers MF, van der Niet MJTC, Olsen RA, Kroes GJ. Diffractive and reactive scattering of H2 from Ru(0001): experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8583-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Alves OB, Hoster HE, Behm RJ. Electrochemistry at Ru(0001) in a flowing CO-saturated electrolyte—reactive and inert adlayer phases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6010-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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37
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Gao F, Goodman DW. Reaction kinetics and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy investigations of CO oxidation over planar Pt-group model catalysts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:16540-16551. [PMID: 20504012 DOI: 10.1021/la1014626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques at near-atmospheric pressures have been used in recent years to investigate CO oxidation over Pt-group metals. New insights have been obtained that allow broadening of the understanding of this reaction beyond the ultrahigh vacuum regime where it is well-understood. However, new issues also have arisen that need clarification. In this paper, we review recent work in our laboratory, using polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and reaction kinetics measurements from ultrahigh vacuum to near-atmospheric pressures. These studies reveal a continuity of this reaction with respect to pressure over Pt, Pd, and Rh; that is, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics is exhibited over a wide pressure range with no apparent "pressure gap". The difference between Ru(0001) and other noble metals is well-understood with respect to higher oxygen binding energies and reduced CO inhibition. It is concluded that for all Pt-group metals the most active phase is one saturated with chemisorbed oxygen and with low CO coverages. The significance of oxide phases under most industrially relevant catalytic conditions suggested recently in the literature is not consistent with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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38
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STM, SECPM, AFM and Electrochemistry on Single Crystalline Surfaces. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4196-4213. [PMID: 28883327 PMCID: PMC5445822 DOI: 10.3390/ma3084196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques have had a great impact on research fields of surface science and nanotechnology during the last decades. They are used to investigate surfaces with scanning ranges between several 100 μm down to atomic resolution. Depending on experimental conditions, and the interaction forces between probe and sample, different SPM techniques allow mapping of different surface properties. In this work, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in air and under electrochemical conditions (EC-STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) in air and scanning electrochemical potential microscopy (SECPM) under electrochemical conditions, were used to study different single crystalline surfaces in electrochemistry. Especially SECPM offers potentially new insights into the solid-liquid interface by providing the possibility to image the potential distribution of the surface, with a resolution that is comparable to STM. In electrocatalysis, nanostructured catalysts supported on different electrode materials often show behavior different from their bulk electrodes. This was experimentally and theoretically shown for several combinations and recently on Pt on Au(111) towards fuel cell relevant reactions. For these investigations single crystals often provide accurate and well defined reference and support systems. We will show heteroepitaxially grown Ru, Ir and Rh single crystalline surface films and bulk Au single crystals with different orientations under electrochemical conditions. Image studies from all three different SPM methods will be presented and compared to electrochemical data obtained by cyclic voltammetry in acidic media. The quality of the single crystalline supports will be verified by the SPM images and the cyclic voltammograms. Furthermore, an outlook will be presented on how such supports can be used in electrocatalytic studies.
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39
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Sutter P, Sadowski JT, Sutter EA. Chemistry under Cover: Tuning Metal−Graphene Interaction by Reactive Intercalation. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8175-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102398n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sutter
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Jerzy T. Sadowski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Eli A. Sutter
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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40
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Miller SD, Kitchin JR. Uncertainty and figure selection for DFT based cluster expansions for oxygen adsorption on Au and Pt (111) surfaces. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020902833137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Getman RB, Schneider WF, Smeltz AD, Delgass WN, Ribeiro FH. Oxygen-coverage effects on molecular dissociations at a Pt metal surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:076101. [PMID: 19257692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.076101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of adsorbate coverage on catalytic surface reactions are not well understood. Here, we contrast the rates of O2 and NO2 dissociations, two competing reactions in NO oxidation catalysis, versus oxygen coverage at a Pt(111) surface. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments show that the NO2 dissociation rate is less sensitive to O coverage than is O2. Density-functional theory simulations reveal an NO2 reaction pathway that is more adaptable to an increasingly crowded surface than is O2 dissociation. While the rates are comparable at low coverage, NO2 dissociation is many orders of magnitude faster at O coverages typical of NO oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Getman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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42
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Jin JM, Lin WF, Christensen PA. The effects of the specific adsorption of anion on the reactivity of the Ru(0001) surface towards CO adsorption and oxidation: in situ FTIRS studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:3774-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b802701c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Inderwildi OR, Jenkins SJ. In-silico investigations in heterogeneous catalysis—combustion and synthesis of small alkanes. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:2274-309. [DOI: 10.1039/b719149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Phares AJ, Grumbine DW, Wunderlich FJ. Monomer adsorption on equilateral triangular lattices with repulsive first-neighbor interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:1928-36. [PMID: 17279677 DOI: 10.1021/la062994y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A model of monomer adsorption on infinitely long, finite-width M equilateral triangular lattices with nonperiodic boundaries is presented. The study includes adsorbate-adsorbate first- and second-neighbor interactions with results obtained for repulsive first neighbors. The matrix method and numerical algorithms presented here allow determination of the occupational characteristics of the adsorption crystallization phases, which fit exact analytic expressions in the width M of the lattice. The limit as M approaches infinity provides the complete energy phase diagram for the infinite two-dimensional surface and recovers the results obtained by different methods that were often applied only in restricted energy regions of the phase diagram. The ordered phases are (2x1), (2x2), (3x1), (square root of 3xsquare root of 3) R30 degrees, and the complementary phases of (2x2) and (square root of 3xsquare root of 3) R30 degrees. Comparison is made with other theoretical studies and with experimental observations on adsorption systems consistent with the limitations of the model. In some cases, comparison with experimental data yields bounds on the interaction energies between adsorbates. On the basis of the model, suggestions are made on the manner in which to conduct relatively low temperature experiments to allow determination of most, if not all, of the interaction energies from the knowledge of the sequences of phases and the conditions prevailing at the transitions between phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain J Phares
- Department of Physics, Mendel Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699, USA.
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45
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Nanometer and Subnanometer Thin Oxide Films at Surfaces of Late Transition Metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-32646-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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46
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Tuning catalytic properties of bimetallic surfaces: Oxygen adsorption on pseudomorphic Pt/Ru overlayers. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Long-term stability of Ru-based protection layers in extreme ultraviolet lithography: A surface science approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1116/1.2743648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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He Y, Seitsonen AP, Over H. Ultrathin Rh films on Ru(0001): Oxidation in confinement. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:034706. [PMID: 16438599 DOI: 10.1063/1.2159489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin rhodium films with a thickness ranging from 1 to a few monolayers were deposited on a single-crystal Ru(0001) surface in order to investigate the oxidation behavior of ultrathin epitaxial films on a dissimilar substrate. It is found that rhodium grows on Ru(0001) initially layer by layer, adapting the in-plane lattice parameters of Ru(0001). When exposing Rh films to oxygen environment (approximately 4.8 x 10(6) L O2 exposure) at 660 K, 2-4 ML Rh films form a surface oxide composed of (9 x 9) O-Rh-O trilayers. Quite in contrast, oxidation of the 1 ML RhRu(0001) film leads to a poorly ordered oxide with a rutile structure reminiscent of RuO2(110) on Ru(0001). The oxidized 1 ML RhRu(0001) film contains much more oxygen than the oxidized thicker Rh films. Lower temperatures (535 K) and high doses of oxygen lead to a (1 x 1)-O overlayer on the 1 ML RhRu(0001) surface, whose atomic geometry resembles closely that of the (1 x 1)-O phase on clean Ru(0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin He
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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49
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He YB, Knapp M, Lundgren E, Over H. Ru(0001) Model Catalyst under Oxidizing and Reducing Reaction Conditions: In-Situ High-Pressure Surface X-ray Diffraction Study. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21825-30. [PMID: 16853834 DOI: 10.1021/jp0538520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) using a high-pressure reaction chamber we investigated in-situ the oxidation of the Ru(0001) model catalyst under various reaction conditions, starting from a strongly oxidizing environment to reaction conditions typical for CO oxidation. With a mixture of O(2) and CO (stoichiometry, 2:1) the partial pressure of oxygen has to be increased to 20 mbar to form the catalytically active RuO(2)(110) oxide film, while in pure oxygen environment a pressure of 10(-5) mbar is already sufficient to oxidize the Ru(0001) surface. For preparation temperatures in the range of 550-630 K a self-limiting RuO(2)(110) film is produced with a thickness of 1.6 nm. The RuO(2)(110) film grows self-acceleratedly after an induction period. The RuO(2) films on Ru(0001) can readily be reduced by H(2) and CO exposures at 415 K, without an induction period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B He
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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50
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Thiam MM, Kondo T, Horimoto N, Kato HS, Kawai M. Initial Growth of the Water Layer on (1 × 1)-Oxygen-Covered Ru(0001) in Comparison with that on Bare Ru(0001). J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:16024-9. [PMID: 16853034 DOI: 10.1021/jp052167q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The initial growth of a water (D2O) layer on (1 x 1)-oxygen-covered Ru(0001) has been studied in comparison with that on bare Ru(0001) by means of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). Although water molecules adsorbed on both bare and (1 x 1)-oxygen-covered Ru(0001) commonly tend to form hydrogen bonds with each other when mobility occurs upon heating, the TPD and IRAS measurements for the two surfaces exhibit distinct differences. On (1 x 1)-oxygen-covered Ru(0001), most of the D2O molecules were desorbed with a peak at 160 K, even at submonolayer coverage, as condensed water desorption. The vibration spectra of adsorbed D2O also showed broad peaks such as a condensed water phase, from the beginning of low coverage. For submonolayer coverage, in addition, we found a characteristic O-D stretching mode at around 2650 cm(-1), which is never clearly observed for D2O on bare Ru(0001). Thus, we propose a distinctive water adsorption structure on (1 x 1)-oxygen-covered Ru(0001) and discuss its influence on water layer growth in comparison with the case of D2O on bare Ru(0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Malick Thiam
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako 351-0198, Japan
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