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Hu SX, Collins LA, Goncharov VN, Boehly TR, Epstein R, McCrory RL, Skupsky S. First-principles opacity table of warm dense deuterium for inertial-confinement-fusion applications. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:033111. [PMID: 25314551 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.033111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate knowledge of the optical properties of a warm dense deuterium-tritium (DT) mixture is important for reliable design of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions using radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. The opacity of a warm dense DT shell essentially determines how much radiation from hot coronal plasmas can be deposited in the DT fuel of an imploding capsule. Even for the simplest species of hydrogen, the accurate calculation of their opacities remains a challenge in the warm-dense matter regime because strong-coupling and quantum effects play an important role in such plasmas. With quantum-molecular-dynamics (QMD) simulations, we have derived a first-principles opacity table (FPOT) of deuterium (and the DT mixture by mass scaling) for a wide range of densities from ρ(D)=0.5 to 673.518g/cm(3) and temperatures from T=5000K up to the Fermi temperature T(F) for each density. Compared with results from the astrophysics opacity table (AOT) currently used in our hydrocodes, the FPOT of deuterium from our QMD calculations has shown a significant increase in opacity for strongly coupled and degenerate plasma conditions by a factor of 3-100 in the ICF-relevant photon-energy range. As conditions approach those of classical plasma, the opacity from the FPOT converges to the corresponding values of the AOT. By implementing the FPOT of deuterium and the DT mixture into our hydrocodes, we have performed radiation-hydrodynamics simulations for low-adiabat cryogenic DT implosions on the OMEGA laser and for direct-drive-ignition designs for the National Ignition Facility. The simulation results using the FPOT show that the target performance (in terms of neutron yield and energy gain) could vary from ∼10% up to a factor of ∼2 depending on the adiabat of the imploding DT capsule; the lower the adiabat, the more variation is seen in the prediction of target performance when compared to the AOT modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V N Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - T R Boehly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R L McCrory
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S Skupsky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Hu SX, Militzer B, Goncharov VN, Skupsky S. Strong coupling and degeneracy effects in inertial confinement fusion implosions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:235003. [PMID: 20867248 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.235003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Accurate knowledge about the equation of state (EOS) of deuterium is critical to inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Low-adiabat ICF implosions routinely access strongly coupled and degenerate plasma conditions. Using the path integral Monte Carlo method, we have derived a first-principles EOS (FPEOS) table of deuterium. It is the first ab initio EOS table which completely covers typical ICF implosion trajectory in the density and temperature ranges of ρ=0.002-1596 g/cm3 and T=1.35 eV-5.5 keV. Discrepancies in internal energy and pressure have been found in strongly coupled and degenerate regimes with respect to SESAME EOS. Hydrodynamics simulations of cryogenic ICF implosions using the FPEOS table have indicated significant differences in peak density, areal density (ρR), and neutron yield relative to SESAME simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
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Redmer R, Juranek H, Kuhlbrodt S, Schwarz V. Equation of State and Electrical Conductivity of Dense Fluid Hydrogen and Helium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.217.7.783.20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The equation of state of fluid hydrogen, helium, and their mixtures is determined within fluid variational theory. Reactions between the constituents such as dissociation and ionization are considered. Results are given for densities and temperatures relevant for the interior of giant planets. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity is determined within linear response theory. Comparison is performed with available experiments and other theoretical work.
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Gu YJ, Chen QF, Cai LC, Chen ZY, Zheng J, Jing FQ. Multishock comparison of dense gaseous H[sub 2]+He mixtures up to 30 GPa. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:184506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3124562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hu SX, Smalyuk VA, Goncharov VN, Knauer JP, Radha PB, Igumenshchev IV, Marozas JA, Stoeckl C, Yaakobi B, Shvarts D, Sangster TC, McKenty PW, Meyerhofer DD, Skupsky S, McCrory RL. Studies of plastic-ablator compressibility for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion on OMEGA. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:185003. [PMID: 18518383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.185003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The compression of planar plastic targets was studied with x-ray radiography in the range of laser intensities of I approximately 0.5 to 1.5x10(15) W/cm2 using square (low-compression) and shaped (high-compression) pulses. Two-dimensional simulations with the radiative hydrocode DRACO show good agreement with measurements at laser intensities up to I approximately 10(15) W/cm2. These results provide the first experimental evidence for low-entropy, adiabatic compression of plastic shells in the laser intensity regime relevant to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. A density reduction near the end of the drive at a high intensity of I approximately 1.5x10(15) W/cm2 has been correlated with the hard x-ray signal caused by hot electrons from two-plasmon-decay instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA.
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Chabrier G, Saumon D, Potekhin AY. Dense plasmas in astrophysics: from giant planets to neutron stars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/17/s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Belonoshko AB, Rosengren A, Skorodumova NV, Bastea S, Johansson B. Shock wave propagation in dissociating low-Z liquids: D2. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:124503. [PMID: 15836393 DOI: 10.1063/1.1860554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present direct molecular dynamics simulations of shock wave propagation in liquid deuterium for a wide range of impact velocities. The calculated Hugoniot is in perfect agreement with the gas-gun data as well as with the most recent experimental data. At high impact velocities we observe a smearing of the shock wave front and propagation of fast dissociated molecules well ahead of the compressed region. This smearing occurs due to the fast deuterium dissociation at the shock wave front. The experimental results are discussed in view of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Belonoshko
- Applied Materials Physics, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Schwarz V, Juranek H, Redmer R. Noble gases and hydrogen at high pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:1990-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b501476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bezkrovniy V, Schlanges M, Kremp D, Kraeft WD. Reaction ensemble Monte Carlo technique and hypernetted chain approximation study of dense hydrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:061204. [PMID: 15244551 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the simple structure of hydrogen, up to now there is no unified theoretical and experimental description of hydrogen at high pressures. Recent results of Z-pinch experiments show a large deviation from those obtained by laser driven ones. Theoretical investigations including ab initio computer simulations show considerable differences at such extreme conditions from each other and from experimental values. We apply the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo technique on one hand and a combination of the hypernetted chain approximation with the mass action law on the other to study the behavior of dense hydrogen at such conditions. The agreement between both methods for the equation of state and for the Hugoniot curve is excellent. Comparison to other methods and experimental results is also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bezkrovniy
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Domstrasse 10a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Matsuishi K, Gregoryanz E, Mao HK, Hemley RJ. Equation of state and intermolecular interactions in fluid hydrogen from Brillouin scattering at high pressures and temperatures. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1575196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Knudson MD, Hanson DL, Bailey JE, Hall CA, Asay JR. Use of a wave reverberation technique to infer the density compression of shocked liquid deuterium to 75 GPa. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:035505. [PMID: 12570505 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.035505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach was developed to probe density compression of liquid deuterium (L-D2) along the principal Hugoniot. Relative transit times of shock waves reverberating within the sample are shown to be sensitive to the compression due to the first shock. This technique has proven to be more sensitive than the conventional method of inferring density from the shock and mass velocity, at least in this high-pressure regime. Results in the range of 22-75 GPa indicate an approximately fourfold density compression, and provide data to differentiate between proposed theories for hydrogen and its isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1181, USA
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Militzer B, Ceperley DM, Kress JD, Johnson JD, Collins LA, Mazevet S. Calculation of a deuterium double shock Hugoniot from ab initio simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:275502. [PMID: 11800891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.275502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the equation of state of dense deuterium with two ab initio simulation techniques, path integral Monte Carlo and density functional theory molecular dynamics, in the density range of 0.67 < or = rho < or = 1.60 g cm(-3). We derive the double shock Hugoniot and compare with the recent laser-driven double shock wave experiments by Mostovych et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3870 (2000)]. We find excellent agreement between the two types of microscopic simulations, but a significant discrepancy with the laser-driven shock measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Militzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Knudson MD, Hanson DL, Bailey JE, Hall CA, Asay JR, Anderson WW. Equation of state measurements in liquid deuterium to 70 GPa. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:225501. [PMID: 11736405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.225501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using intense magnetic pressure, a method was developed to launch flyer plates to velocities in excess of 20 km/s. This technique was used to perform plate-impact, shock wave experiments on cryogenic liquid deuterium ( L-D(2)) to examine its high-pressure equation of state. Using an impedance matching method, Hugoniot measurements were obtained in the pressure range of 30-70 GPa. The results of these experiments disagree with previously reported Hugoniot measurements of L-D(2) in the pressure range above approximately 40 GPa, but are in good agreement with first principles, ab initio models for hydrogen and its isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1181, USA
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