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Kim JI, Lee WY, Tokoroyama T, Umehara N. Superlubricity with Graphitization in Ti-Doped DLC/Steel Tribopair: Response on Humidity and Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19715-19729. [PMID: 37029740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The anti-friction of diamond-like carbon (DLC) is achieved by a well-developed carbonaceous transfer layer, and Ti-doped DLC is developed into a robustly built-up carbonaceous transfer layer. The friction performance of DLC depends on the operating environment, e.g., ambient gas, humidity, temperature, lubricants, and mating material. In this study, we aimed to reveal the environmental sensitivities of Ti-DLC on friction characteristics. To this end, a Ti-DLC was rubbed against a steel ball, and friction behaviors were evaluated with different gas compositions, humidity, and temperature. Finally, we identified that fractional coverage of water on surfaces affected the anti-graphitization on Ti-DLC, leading to avoiding friction reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Il Kim
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Woo-Young Lee
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
- Intelligent Optical Module Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Cheomdan venture-ro 108-gil 9, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Takayuki Tokoroyama
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Umehara
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
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Khomich AA, Kononenko V, Kudryavtsev O, Zavedeev E, Khomich AV. Raman Study of the Diamond to Graphite Transition Induced by the Single Femtosecond Laser Pulse on the (111) Face. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:162. [PMID: 36616073 PMCID: PMC9824279 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of the ultrafast pulse is the current trend in laser processing many materials, including diamonds. Recently, the orientation of the irradiated crystal face was shown to play a crucial role in the diamond to graphite transition process. Here, we develop this approach and explore the nanostructure of the sp2 phase, and the structural perfection of the graphite produced. The single pulse of the third harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser (100 fs, 266 nm) was used to study the process of producing highly oriented graphite (HOG) layers on the (111) surface of a diamond monocrystal. The laser fluence dependence on ablated crater depth was analyzed, and three different regimes of laser-induced diamond graphitization are discussed, namely: nonablative graphitization, customary ablative graphitization, and bulk graphitization. The structure of the graphitized material was investigated by confocal Raman spectroscopy. A clear correlation was found between laser ablation regimes and sp2 phase structure. The main types of structural defects that disrupt the HOG formation both at low and high laser fluencies were determined by Raman spectroscopy. The patterns revealed give optimal laser fluence for the production of perfect graphite spots on the diamond surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Khomich
- Kotelnikov Radio-Engineering and Electronics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedensky Sq. 1, 141190 Fryazino, Russia
| | - Vitali Kononenko
- Kotelnikov Radio-Engineering and Electronics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedensky Sq. 1, 141190 Fryazino, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Kudryavtsev
- Kotelnikov Radio-Engineering and Electronics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedensky Sq. 1, 141190 Fryazino, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Zavedeev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Khomich
- Kotelnikov Radio-Engineering and Electronics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedensky Sq. 1, 141190 Fryazino, Russia
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Ali B, Xu H, Chetty D, Sang RT, Litvinyuk IV, Rybachuk M. Laser-Induced Graphitization of Diamond Under 30 fs Laser Pulse Irradiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2679-2685. [PMID: 35302380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The degree of laser-induced graphitization from a sp3-bonded to a sp2-bonded carbon fraction in a single crystal chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond under varying fluence of an ultrashort pulsed laser (30 fs, 800 nm, 1 kHz) irradiation has been studied. The tetrahedral CVD sp3 phase is found to transition to primarily an sp2 aromatic crystalline graphitic fraction below the critical fluence of 3.9 J/cm2, above which predominantly an amorphous carbon is formed. A fractional increase of fluence from 3.3 to 3.9 J/cm2 (∼20%) results in a substantially (∼3-fold) increased depth of the sp2 graphitized areas owing to the nonlinear interactions associated with a fs laser irradiation. Additionally, formation of a C═O carbonyl group is observed below the critical threshold fluence; the C═O cleavage occurrs gradually with the increase of irradiation fluence of 30 fs laser light. The implications for these findings on enhancement of fs driven processing of diamonds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiar Ali
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Science Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Han Xu
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Science Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Dashavir Chetty
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Science Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Robert T Sang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Science Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Igor V Litvinyuk
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Science Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Maksym Rybachuk
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Science Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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4
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Nanometers-Thick Ferromagnetic Surface Produced by Laser Cutting of Diamond. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031014. [PMID: 35160957 PMCID: PMC8839598 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that cutting diamond crystals with a laser (532 nm wavelength, 0.5 mJ energy, 200 ns pulse duration at 15 kHz) produced a ≲20 nm thick surface layer with magnetic order at room temperature. We measured the magnetic moment of five natural and six CVD diamond crystals of different sizes, nitrogen contents and surface orientations with a SQUID magnetometer. A robust ferromagnetic response at 300 K was observed only for crystals that were cut with the laser along the (100) surface orientation. The magnetic signals were much weaker for the (110) and negligible for the (111) orientations. We attribute the magnetic order to the disordered graphite layer produced by the laser at the diamond surface. The ferromagnetic signal vanished after chemical etching or after moderate temperature annealing. The obtained results indicate that laser treatment of diamond may pave the way to create ferromagnetic spots at its surface.
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Wang P, Yuan X, Cui Z, Xu C, Sun Z, Li J, Liu J, Tian Y, Li H. A Nanometer-Sized Graphite/Boron-Doped Diamond Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Acetaminophen. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6326-6334. [PMID: 33718723 PMCID: PMC7948231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A boron-doped diamond (BDD) has been widely used as an outstanding electrode for constructing high-performance electrochemical biosensors. In this paper, we fabricated a novel electrode combined of nanometer-sized graphite-BDD film (NG-BDD) by chemical vapor deposition. The nanometer-sized graphite (NG) is formed on the (111) facet of BDD via converting an sp3 diamond structure to an sp2 graphitic phase at high temperature in boron-rich ambient. The electrode was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This NG-BDD was performed as an electrode of electrochemical biosensor to detect trace acetaminophen (APAP) accurately. Cyclic voltammetry and differential normal pulse voltammetry are used to investigate the overall performance of the electrochemical device. The sensor has a linear electrochemical response to APAP in the concentration range of 0.02-50 μM, and the detection limit is estimated to be as low as 5 nM. The research has resulted in a solution of constructing a reusable NG-BDD sensor to detect APAP with stability and show potential in extensive application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Yuan
- Institute
for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, P.R.
China
| | - Zheng Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Institute
for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, P.R.
China
| | - Zhaolong Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiahan Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junsong Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute
for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, P.R.
China
| | - Hongdong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Aghajamali A, Karton A. Comparative Study of Carbon Force Fields for the Simulation of Carbon Onions. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the performance of ten common carbon force fields for the interaction energies in double and triple layered carbon onions. In particular, we consider the C20@C60, C20@C80, C20@C180, C80@C240, C60@C240 and C240@C540 double-layer carbon onions and C60@C240@C540 and C80@C240@C540 triple-layered carbon onions. We consider the following carbon force fields: Tersoff, REBO-II, AIREBO, AIREBO-M, screened versions of Tersoff and REBO-II, LCBOP-I, 2015 and 2020 versions of ReaxFF, and the machine-learning GAP force field. We show that the ReaxFF force fields give the best performance for the interaction energies of the cabon onions relative to density functional theory interaction energies obtained at the PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. We proceed to use the ReaxFF-15 force field to explore the interaction energies in a giant ten-layered carbon onion with a C60 core and show that the interaction energy between the outer layer and the inner layers increases linearly with the number of layers in the carbon onion (with a squared correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9996). This linear increase in the stabilization energy with each consecutive layer may have important thermodynamic consequences for describing the formation and growth of large carbon onions.
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Ding M, Liu Y, Lu X, Tang W. Effect of Laser Ablation on Microwave Attenuation Properties of Diamond Films. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223700. [PMID: 31717582 PMCID: PMC6888003 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermal conductivity is required for developing high-power microwave technology. Diamond has the highest thermal conductivity in nature. In this study, a diamond film was synthesized by microwave plasma chemical deposition, and then long and short conductive graphite fibers were introduced to the diamond films by laser ablation. The permittivity of the samples in the K-band was measured using the transmission/reflection method. The permittivity of diamond films with short graphite fibers increased. The increase in real part of permittivity can be attributed to electron polarization, and the increase in the imaginary part can be ascribed to both polarization and electrical conductivity. The diamond films with long graphite fibers exhibited a highly pronounced anisotropy for microwave. The calculation of microwave absorption shows that reflection loss values exceeding −10 dB can be obtained in the frequency range of 21.3–23.5 GHz when the graphite fiber length is 0.7 mm and the sample thickness is 2.5 mm. Therefore, diamond films can be developed into a microwave attenuation material with extremely high thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Ding
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (W.T.)
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinru Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (W.T.)
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9
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Quinone electrochemistry for the comparative assessment of sp 2 surface content of boron doped diamond electrodes. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Ayres ZJ, Borrill AJ, Newland JC, Newton ME, Macpherson JV. Controlled sp2 Functionalization of Boron Doped Diamond as a Route for the Fabrication of Robust and Nernstian pH Electrodes. Anal Chem 2015; 88:974-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë J. Ayres
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra J. Borrill
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C. Newland
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Newton
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Julie. V. Macpherson
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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11
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Jang DM, Im HS, Back SH, Park K, Lim YR, Jung CS, Park J, Lee M. Laser-induced graphitization of colloidal nanodiamonds for excellent oxygen reduction reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2411-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Ham H, Park NH, Kang I, Kim HW, Shim KB. Catalyst-free fabrication of graphene nanosheets without substrates using multiwalled carbon nanotubes and a spark plasma sintering process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6672-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31461d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Li LS, Zhao X. Dangling bond-induced graphitization process on the (111) surface of diamond nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044711. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3528726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Shimizu M, Shimotsuma Y, Sakakura M, Yuasa T, Homma H, Minowa Y, Tanaka K, Miura K, Hirao K. Periodic metallo-dielectric structure in diamond. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:46-54. [PMID: 19129871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intense ultrashort light pulses induce three dimensional localized phase transformation of diamond. Photoinduced amorphous structures have electrical conducting properties of a maximum of 64 S/m based on a localized transition from sp(3) to sp(2) in diamond. The laser parameters of fluence and scanning speed affect the resultant electrical conductivities due to recrystallization and multi-filamentation phenomena. We demonstrate that the laser-processed diamond with the periodic cylinder arrays have the characteristic transmission properties in terahertz region, which are good agreement with theoretical calculations. The fabricated periodic structures act as metallo-dielectric photonic crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shimizu
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
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Bródka A, Hawełek Ł, Burian A, Tomita S, Honkimäki V. Molecular dynamics study of structure and graphitization process of nanodiamonds. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Lee GD, Wang CZ, Yu J, Yoon E, Ho KM. Heat-induced transformation of nanodiamond into a tube-shaped fullerene: a molecular dynamics simulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:265701. [PMID: 14754068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.265701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced structural transformation in nanodiamond of diameter approximately 1.4 nm is investigated by tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations using the environment-dependent tight-binding carbon potential. The nanodiamond is found to transform into a tube-shaped fullerene via annealing. Three interesting mechanisms for promoting inner carbon atoms of the nanodiamond into the surface carbon atoms of the tubular structure are observed. The "flow-out" mechanism prevails at temperatures lower than 2500 K and the "direct adsorption" and "push-out" mechanisms are observed at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Do Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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