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Macrì V, Mercurio A, Nori F, Savasta S, Sánchez Muñoz C. Spontaneous Scattering of Raman Photons from Cavity-QED Systems in the Ultrastrong Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:273602. [PMID: 36638299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.273602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We show that spontaneous Raman scattering of incident radiation can be observed in cavity-QED systems without external enhancement or coupling to any vibrational degree of freedom. Raman scattering processes can be evidenced as resonances in the emission spectrum, which become clearly visible as the cavity-QED system approaches the ultrastrong coupling regime. We provide a quantum mechanical description of the effect, and show that ultrastrong light-matter coupling is a necessary condition for the observation of Raman scattering. This effect, and its strong sensitivity to the system parameters, opens new avenues for the characterization of cavity QED setups and the generation of quantum states of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Macrì
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Alberto Mercurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Computing Center, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Carlos Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Abstract
Tailored nanoscale quantum light sources, matching the specific needs of use cases, are crucial building blocks for photonic quantum technologies. Several different approaches to realize solid-state quantum emitters with high performance have been pursued and different concepts for energy tuning have been established. However, the properties of the emitted photons are always defined by the individual quantum emitter and can therefore not be controlled with full flexibility. Here we introduce an all-optical nonlinear method to tailor and control the single photon emission. We demonstrate a laser-controlled down-conversion process from an excited state of a semiconductor quantum three-level system. Based on this concept, we realize energy tuning and polarization control of the single photon emission with a control-laser field. Our results mark an important step towards tailored single photon emission from a photonic quantum system based on quantum optical principles.
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3
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Zhan Y, Sun S. Deterministic Generation of Loss-Tolerant Photonic Cluster States with a Single Quantum Emitter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:223601. [PMID: 33315435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A photonic cluster state with a tree-type entanglement structure constitutes an efficient resource for quantum error correction of photon loss. But the generation of a tree cluster state with an arbitrary size is notoriously difficult. Here, we propose a protocol to deterministically generate photonic tree states of arbitrary size by using only a single quantum emitter. Photonic entanglement is established through both emission and rescattering from the same emitter, enabling fast and resource-efficient entanglement generation. The same protocol can also be extended to generate more general tree-type entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhan
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Shuo Sun
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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4
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Sun S, Zhang JL, Fischer KA, Burek MJ, Dory C, Lagoudakis KG, Tzeng YK, Radulaski M, Kelaita Y, Safavi-Naeini A, Shen ZX, Melosh NA, Chu S, Lončar M, Vučković J. Cavity-Enhanced Raman Emission from a Single Color Center in a Solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:083601. [PMID: 30192607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate cavity-enhanced Raman emission from a single atomic defect in a solid. Our platform is a single silicon-vacancy center in diamond coupled with a monolithic diamond photonic crystal cavity. The cavity enables an unprecedented frequency tuning range of the Raman emission (100 GHz) that significantly exceeds the spectral inhomogeneity of silicon-vacancy centers in diamond nanostructures. We also show that the cavity selectively suppresses the phonon-induced spontaneous emission that degrades the efficiency of Raman photon generation. Our results pave the way towards photon-mediated many-body interactions between solid-state quantum emitters in a nanophotonic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Kevin A Fischer
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Burek
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Constantin Dory
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Yan-Kai Tzeng
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marina Radulaski
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yousif Kelaita
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Amir Safavi-Naeini
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Steven Chu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marko Lončar
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jelena Vučković
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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5
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Geiger R, Trupke M. Proposal for a Quantum Test of the Weak Equivalence Principle with Entangled Atomic Species. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:043602. [PMID: 29437443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experiment to test the weak equivalence principle (WEP) with a test mass consisting of two entangled atoms of different species. In the proposed experiment, a coherent measurement of the differential gravity acceleration between the two atomic species is considered, by entangling two atom interferometers operating on the two species. The entanglement between the two atoms is heralded at the initial beam splitter of the interferometers through the detection of a single photon emitted by either of the atoms, together with the impossibility of distinguishing which atom emitted the photon. In contrast to current and proposed tests of the WEP, our proposal explores the validity of the WEP in a regime where the two particles involved in the differential gravity acceleration measurement are not classically independent, but entangled. We propose an experimental implementation using ^{85}Rb and ^{87}Rb atoms entangled by a vacuum stimulated rapid adiabatic passage protocol implemented in a high-finesse optical cavity. We show that an accuracy below 10^{-7} on the Eötvös parameter can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Geiger
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, PSL Université Paris, CNRS, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Michael Trupke
- Vienna Center for Quantum science and technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, Research Platform TURIS, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Premaratne SP, Wellstood FC, Palmer BS. Microwave photon Fock state generation by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14148. [PMID: 28128205 PMCID: PMC5290155 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The deterministic generation of non-classical states of light, including squeezed states, Fock states and Bell states, plays an important role in quantum information processing and exploration of the physics of quantum entanglement. Preparation of these non-classical states in resonators is non-trivial due to their inherent harmonicity. Here we use stimulated Raman adiabatic passage to generate microwave photon Fock states in a superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics system comprised of a fixed-frequency transmon qubit in a three-dimensional microwave cavity at 20 mK. A two-photon process is employed to overcome a first order forbidden transition and the first, second and third Fock states are demonstrated. We also demonstrate how this all-microwave technique can be used to generate an arbitrary superposition of Fock states. Simulations of the system are in excellent agreement with the data and fidelities of 89%, 68% and 43% are inferred for the first three Fock states respectively. Precise quantum state preparation plays an important role in quantum information processing. Here, Premaratne et al. use stimulated Raman adiabatic passage to transfer population from a superconducting transmon qubit to a cavity Fock state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavindra P Premaratne
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - F C Wellstood
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Joint Quantum Institute and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Palmer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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7
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Becker JN, Görlitz J, Arend C, Markham M, Becher C. Ultrafast all-optical coherent control of single silicon vacancy colour centres in diamond. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13512. [PMID: 27841265 PMCID: PMC5114561 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete control of the state of a quantum bit (qubit) is a fundamental requirement for any quantum information processing (QIP) system. In this context, all-optical control techniques offer the advantage of a well-localized and potentially ultrafast manipulation of individual qubits in multi-qubit systems. Recently, the negatively charged silicon vacancy centre (SiV−) in diamond has emerged as a novel promising system for QIP due to its superior spectral properties and advantageous electronic structure, offering an optically accessible Λ-type level system with large orbital splittings. Here, we report on all-optical resonant as well as Raman-based coherent control of a single SiV− using ultrafast pulses as short as 1 ps, significantly faster than the centre's phonon-limited ground state coherence time of about 40 ns. These measurements prove the accessibility of a complete set of single-qubit operations relying solely on optical fields and pave the way for high-speed QIP applications using SiV− centres. All-optical coherent control schemes offer well-localized and ultrafast control of individual qubits in many-qubit systems. Here the authors report on all-optical resonant and Raman-based control of single silicon vacancies using picosecond pulses, much faster than the ground state coherence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nils Becker
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johannes Görlitz
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carsten Arend
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthew Markham
- Global Innovation Centre, Element Six Limited, Global Innovation Centre, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, UK
| | - Christoph Becher
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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8
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Vora PM, Bracker AS, Carter SG, Sweeney TM, Kim M, Kim CS, Yang L, Brereton PG, Economou SE, Gammon D. Spin-cavity interactions between a quantum dot molecule and a photonic crystal cavity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7665. [PMID: 26184654 PMCID: PMC4518300 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of InAs/GaAs quantum dots into nanophotonic cavities has led to impressive demonstrations of cavity quantum electrodynamics. However, these demonstrations are primarily based on two-level excitonic systems. Efforts to couple long-lived quantum dot electron spin states with a cavity are only now succeeding. Here we report a two-spin–cavity system, achieved by embedding an InAs quantum dot molecule within a photonic crystal cavity. With this system we obtain a spin singlet–triplet Λ-system where the ground-state spin splitting exceeds the cavity linewidth by an order of magnitude. This allows us to observe cavity-stimulated Raman emission that is highly spin-selective. Moreover, we demonstrate the first cases of cavity-enhanced optical nonlinearities in a solid-state Λ-system. This provides an all-optical, local method to control the spin exchange splitting. Incorporation of a highly engineerable quantum dot molecule into the photonic crystal architecture advances prospects for a quantum network. Optical cavities enhance light–matter interactions, and have been used to strongly couple a photon to a single spin. Here, the authors take this a step further by coupling a photon to a two-spin system by embedding an indium arsenide quantum-dot molecule in a photonic crystal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Vora
- NRC research associate residing at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Allan S Bracker
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Samuel G Carter
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Timothy M Sweeney
- NRC research associate residing at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Sotera Defense Solutions Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, USA
| | - Chul Soo Kim
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Lily Yang
- NRC research associate residing at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | | | - Sophia E Economou
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Daniel Gammon
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
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9
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Bergmann K, Vitanov NV, Shore BW. Perspective: Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage: The status after 25 years. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:170901. [PMID: 25956078 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first presentation of the STIRAP (stimulated Raman adiabatic passage) technique with proper theoretical foundation and convincing experimental data appeared 25 years ago, in the May 1st, 1990 issue of The Journal of Chemical Physics. By now, the STIRAP concept has been successfully applied in many different fields of physics, chemistry, and beyond. In this article, we comment briefly on the initial motivation of the work, namely, the study of reaction dynamics of vibrationally excited small molecules, and how this initial idea led to the documented success. We proceed by providing a brief discussion of the physics of STIRAP and how the method was developed over the years, before discussing a few examples from the amazingly wide range of applications which STIRAP now enjoys, with the aim to stimulate further use of the concept. Finally, we mention some promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Bergmann
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nikolay V Vitanov
- Department of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, James Bourchier 5 Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bruce W Shore
- 618 Escondido Circle, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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10
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Non-commutativity and local indistinguishability of quantum states. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6336. [PMID: 25208830 PMCID: PMC4160716 DOI: 10.1038/srep06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the local indistinguishability problem of quantum states. By introducing an easily calculated quantity, non-commutativity, we present an criterion which is both necessary and sufficient for the local indistinguishability of a complete set of pure orthogonal product states. A constructive distinguishing procedure to obtain the concrete local measurements and classical communications is given. The non-commutativity of ensembles can be also used to characterize the quantumness for classical-quantum or quantum-classical correlated states.
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11
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Steiner M, Meyer HM, Deutsch C, Reichel J, Köhl M. Single ion coupled to an optical fiber cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:043003. [PMID: 25166162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.043003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the realization of a combined trapped-ion and optical cavity system, in which a single Yb(+) ion is confined by a micron-scale ion trap inside a 230 μm-long optical fiber cavity. We characterize the spatial ion-cavity coupling and measure the ion-cavity coupling strength using a cavity-stimulated Λ transition. Owing to the small mode volume of the fiber resonator, the coherent coupling strength between the ion and a single photon exceeds the natural decay rate of the dipole moment. This system can be integrated into ion-photon quantum networks and is a step towards cavity quantum electrodynamics based quantum information processing with trapped ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Steiner
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik M Meyer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Deutsch
- Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, ENS/UPMC-Paris 6/CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France and Menlo Systems GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jakob Reichel
- Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, ENS/UPMC-Paris 6/CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael Köhl
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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12
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Nikoghosyan G, Hartmann MJ, Plenio MB. Generation of mesoscopic entangled states in a cavity coupled to an atomic ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:123603. [PMID: 22540581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel scheme for the efficient production of entangled states for N photons of the form |N>(a)|0>(b) + |0>(a)|N>(b) (NOON states) based on the resonant interaction of a pair of quantized cavity modes with an ensemble of atoms. We show that, in the strong-coupling regime, the adiabatic evolution of the system tends to a limiting state that describes mesoscopic entanglement between photons and atoms which can easily be converted to a purely photonic or atomic NOON state. We also demonstrate the remarkable property that the efficiency of this scheme increases exponentially with the cavity cooperativity factor, which gives efficient access to high number NOON states. The experimental feasibility of the scheme is discussed, and its efficiency is demonstrated numerically.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nikoghosyan
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Specht HP, Nölleke C, Reiserer A, Uphoff M, Figueroa E, Ritter S, Rempe G. A single-atom quantum memory. Nature 2011; 473:190-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature09997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Nikoghosyan G, Fleischhauer M. Photon-number selective group delay in cavity induced transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:013601. [PMID: 20867442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show that the group velocity of a probe pulse in an ensemble of Λ-type atoms driven by a quantized cavity mode depends on the quantum state-of-the input probe pulse. In the strong-coupling regime of the atom-cavity system the probe group delay is photon-number selective. This can be used to spatially separate the single photon from higher photon-number components of a few-photon probe pulse and thus create a deterministic single-photon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gor Nikoghosyan
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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15
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Larson J, Levin S. Effective Abelian and non-Abelian gauge potentials in cavity QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:013602. [PMID: 19659146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cavity QED models are analyzed in terms of field quadrature operators. We demonstrate that in such representation, the problem can be formulated in terms of effective gauge potentials. In this respect, it presents a completely new system in which gauge fields arise, possessing the advantages of purity, high control of system parameters as well as preparation and detection methods. Studying three well-known models, it is shown that either Abelian or non-Abelian gauge potentials can be constructed. The non-Abelian characteristics are confirmed via numerical simulations utilizing experimental parameters.
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16
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Maunz P, Olmschenk S, Hayes D, Matsukevich DN, Duan LM, Monroe C. Heralded quantum gate between remote quantum memories. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:250502. [PMID: 19659062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.250502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a probabilistic entangling quantum gate between two distant trapped ytterbium ions. The gate is implemented between the hyperfine "clock" state atomic qubits and mediated by the interference of two emitted photons carrying frequency encoded qubits. Heralded by the coincidence detection of these two photons, the gate has an average output state fidelity of 89+/-2%. This entangling gate together with single qubit operations is sufficient to generate large entangled cluster states for scalable quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maunz
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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17
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Weber B, Specht HP, Müller T, Bochmann J, Mücke M, Moehring DL, Rempe G. Photon-photon entanglement with a single trapped atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:030501. [PMID: 19257335 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An experiment is performed where a single rubidium atom trapped within a high-finesse optical cavity emits two independently triggered entangled photons. The entanglement is mediated by the atom and is characterized both by a Bell inequality violation of S=2.5, as well as full quantum-state tomography, resulting in a fidelity exceeding F=90%. The combination of cavity-QED and trapped atom techniques makes our protocol inherently deterministic--an essential step for the generation of scalable entanglement between the nodes of a distributed quantum network.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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18
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Bochmann J, Mücke M, Langfahl-Klabes G, Erbel C, Weber B, Specht HP, Moehring DL, Rempe G. Fast excitation and photon emission of a single-atom-cavity system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:223601. [PMID: 19113483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fast excitation of a single atom coupled to an optical cavity using laser pulses that are much shorter than all other relevant processes. The cavity frequency constitutes a control parameter that allows the creation of single photons in a superposition of two tunable frequencies. Each photon emitted from the cavity thus exhibits a pronounced amplitude modulation determined by the oscillatory energy exchange between the atom and the cavity. Our technique constitutes a versatile tool for future quantum networking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bochmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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19
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Srinivasan K, Painter O. Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a strongly coupled microdisk–quantum dot system. Nature 2007; 450:862-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nature06274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Abstract
A major challenge for a scalable quantum computing architecture is the faithful transfer of information from one node to another. We report on the realization of an atom-photon quantum interface based on an optical cavity, using it to entangle a single atom with a single photon and then to map the quantum state of the atom onto a second single photon. The latter step disentangles the atom from the light and produces an entangled photon pair. Our scheme is intrinsically deterministic and establishes the basic element required to realize a distributed quantum network with individual atoms at rest as quantum memories and single flying photons as quantum messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Wilk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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21
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Guzmán R, Retamal JC, Solano E, Zagury N. Field squeeze operators in optical cavities with atomic ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:010502. [PMID: 16486429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method of generating unitarily single and two-mode field squeezing in an optical cavity with an atomic cloud. Through a suitable laser system, we are able to engineer a squeeze field operator decoupled from the atomic degrees of freedom, yielding a large squeeze parameter that is scaled up by the number of atoms, and realizing degenerate and nondegenerate parametric amplification. By means of the input-output theory we show that ideal squeezed states and perfect squeezing could be approached at the output. The scheme is robust to decoherence processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guzmán
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 307, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile
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Garcia-Fernandez R, Ekers A, Yatsenko LP, Vitanov NV, Bergmann K. Control of population flow in coherently driven quantum ladders. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:043001. [PMID: 16090805 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A technique for adiabatic control of the population flow through a preselected decaying excited level in a three-level quantum ladder is presented. The population flow through the intermediate or upper level is controlled efficiently and robustly by varying the pulse delay between a pair of partly overlapping coherent laser pulses. The technique is analyzed theoretically and demonstrated in an experiment with Na2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Garcia-Fernandez
- Fachbereich Physik der Universität, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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23
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Petrosyan D. Towards deterministic optical quantum computation with coherently driven atomic ensembles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4266/7/7/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Hennrich M, Kuhn A, Rempe G. Transition from antibunching to bunching in cavity QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:053604. [PMID: 15783640 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.053604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The photon statistics of the light emitted from an atomic ensemble into a single field mode of an optical cavity is investigated as a function of the number of atoms. The light is produced in a Raman transition driven by a pump laser and the cavity vacuum, and a recycling laser is employed to repeat this process continuously. For weak driving, a smooth transition from antibunching to bunching is found for about one intracavity atom. Remarkably, the bunching peak develops within the antibunching dip. The observed behavior is well explained by a model describing an ensemble of independent emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hennrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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25
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Legero T, Wilk T, Hennrich M, Rempe G, Kuhn A. Quantum beat of two single photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:070503. [PMID: 15324220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The interference of two single photons impinging on a beam splitter is measured in a time-resolved manner. Using long photons of different frequencies emitted from an atom-cavity system, a quantum beat with a visibility close to 100% is observed in the correlation between the photodetections at the output ports of the beam splitter. The time dependence of the beat amplitude reflects the coherence properties of the photons. Most remarkably, simultaneous photodetections are never observed, so that a temporal filter allows one to obtain perfect two-photon coalescence even for nonperfect photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Legero
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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26
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Phillips MC, Wang H, Rumyantsev I, Kwong NH, Takayama R, Binder R. Electromagnetically induced transparency in semiconductors via biexciton coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:183602. [PMID: 14611283 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental demonstration and theoretical analysis of electromagnetically induced transparency in a GaAs quantum well, in which the absorption of an exciton resonance is reduced by more than twentyfold. The destructive quantum interference in this scheme is set up by a control pulse that couples to a resonance of biexcitons. These studies illustrate that many-particle interactions, which are inherent in semiconductors and are often detrimental to quantum coherences, can also be harnessed to manipulate these coherences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Phillips
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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27
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Yi XX, Su XH, You L. Conditional quantum phase gate between two 3-state atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:097902. [PMID: 12689256 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.097902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for conditional quantum logic between two 3-state atoms that share a quantum data bus such as a single mode optical field in cavity QED systems, or a collective vibrational state of trapped ions. Making use of quantum interference, our scheme achieves successful conditional phase evolution without any real transitions of atomic internal states or populating the quantum data bus. In addition, it requires only common addressing of the two atoms by external laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Yi
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, USA
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Abstract
Modern cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) illuminates the most fundamental aspects of coherence and decoherence in quantum mechanics. Experiments on atoms in cavities can be described by elementary models but reveal intriguing subtleties of the interplay of coherent dynamics with external couplings. Recent activity in this area has pioneered powerful new approaches to the study of quantum coherence and has fueled the growth of quantum information science. In years to come, the purview of cavity QED will continue to grow as researchers build on a rich infrastructure to attack some of the most pressing open questions in micro- and mesoscopic physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mabuchi
- Department of Physics, Mail Code 12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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André A, Lukin MD. Manipulating light pulses via dynamically controlled photonic band gap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:143602. [PMID: 12366046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
When a resonance associated with electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic ensemble is modulated by an off-resonant standing light wave, a band of frequencies can appear for which light propagation is forbidden. We show that dynamic control of such a band gap can be used to coherently convert a propagating light pulse into a stationary excitation with nonvanishing photonic component. This can be accomplished with high efficiency and negligible noise even at the level of few-photon quantum fields thereby facilitating possible applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A André
- Physics Department and ITAMP, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Mundt AB, Kreuter A, Becher C, Leibfried D, Eschner J, Schmidt-Kaler F, Blatt R. Coupling a single atomic quantum bit to a high finesse optical cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:103001. [PMID: 12225188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The quadrupole S(1/2)-D(5/2) optical transition of a single trapped Ca+ ion, well suited for encoding a quantum bit of information, is coherently coupled to the standing wave field of a high finesse cavity. The coupling is verified by observing the ion's response to both spatial and temporal variations of the intracavity field. We also achieve deterministic coupling of the cavity mode to the ion's vibrational state by selectively exciting vibrational state-changing transitions and by controlling the position of the ion in the standing wave field with nanometer precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Mundt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Austria
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Kuhn A, Hennrich M, Rempe G. Deterministic single-photon source for distributed quantum networking. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:067901. [PMID: 12190611 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.067901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A sequence of single photons is emitted on demand from a single three-level atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity. The photons are generated by an adiabatically driven stimulated Raman transition between two atomic ground states, with the vacuum field of the cavity stimulating one branch of the transition, and laser pulses deterministically driving the other branch. This process is unitary and therefore intrinsically reversible, which is essential for quantum communication and networking, and the photons should be appropriate for all-optical quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kuhn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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32
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Bertet P, Osnaghi S, Milman P, Auffeves A, Maioli P, Brune M, Raimond JM, Haroche S. Generating and probing a two-photon fock state with a single atom in a cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:143601. [PMID: 11955147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A two-photon Fock state is prepared in a cavity sustaining a "source mode" and a "target mode," with a single circular Rydberg atom. In a third-order Raman process, the atom emits a photon in the target while scattering one photon from the source into the target. The final two-photon state is probed by measuring by Ramsey interferometry the cavity light shifts induced by the target field on the same atom. Extensions to other multiphoton processes and to a new type of micromaser are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bertet
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Département de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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33
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Guthöhrlein GR, Keller M, Hayasaka K, Lange W, Walther H. A single ion as a nanoscopic probe of an optical field. Nature 2001; 414:49-51. [PMID: 11689937 DOI: 10.1038/35102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In near-field imaging, resolution beyond the diffraction limit of optical microscopy is obtained by scanning the sampling region with a probe of subwavelength size. In recent experiments, single molecules were used as nanoscopic probes to attain a resolution of a few tens of nanometres. Positional control of the molecular probe was typically achieved by embedding it in a crystal attached to a substrate on a translation stage. However, the presence of the host crystal inevitably led to a disturbance of the light field that was to be measured. Here we report a near-field probe with atomic-scale resolution-a single calcium ion in a radio-frequency trap-that causes minimal perturbation of the optical field. We measure the three-dimensional spatial structure of an optical field with a spatial resolution as high as 60 nm (determined by the residual thermal motion of the trapped ion), and scan the modes of a low-loss optical cavity over a range of up to 100 microm. The precise positioning we achieve implies a deterministic control of the coupling between ion and field. At the same time, the field and the internal states of the ion are not affected by the trapping potential. Our set-up is therefore an ideal system for performing cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments with a single particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Guthöhrlein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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34
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Kuhr S, Alt W, Schrader D, Muller M, Gomer V, Meschede D. Deterministic delivery of a single atom. Science 2001; 293:278-80. [PMID: 11408622 DOI: 10.1126/science.1062725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report the realization of a deterministic source of single atoms. A standing-wave dipole trap is loaded with one or any desired number of cold cesium atoms from a magneto-optical trap. By controlling the motion of the standing wave, we adiabatically transport the atom with submicrometer precision over macroscopic distances on the order of a centimeter. The displaced atom is observed directly in the dipole trap by fluorescence detection. The trapping field can also be accelerated to eject a single atom into free flight with well-defined velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuhr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Phillips DF, Fleischhauer A, Mair A, Walsworth RL, Lukin MD. Storage of light in atomic vapor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:783-786. [PMID: 11177939 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report an experiment in which a light pulse is effectively decelerated and trapped in a vapor of Rb atoms, stored for a controlled period of time, and then released on demand. We accomplish this "storage of light" by dynamically reducing the group velocity of the light pulse to zero, so that the coherent excitation of the light is reversibly mapped into a Zeeman (spin) coherence of the Rb vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Phillips
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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