1
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Cheng R, Hu ZH, Hui DX, Zhao YT, Chen YH, Gao F, Lei Y, Wang YY, Zhu BL, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhou ZX, Wang YN, Yang J. Collective energy-spectrum broadening of a proton beam in a gas-discharge plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:063216. [PMID: 34271707 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.063216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An accurate understanding of ion-beam transport in plasmas is crucial for applications in inertial fusion energy and high-energy-density physics. We present an experimental measurement on the energy spectrum of a proton beam at 270 keV propagating through a gas-discharge hydrogen plasma. We observe the energies of the beam protons changing as a function of the plasma density and spectrum broadening due to a collective beam-plasma interaction. Supported by linear theory and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we attribute this energy modulation to a two-stream instability excitation and further saturation by beam ion trapping in the wave. The widths of the energy spectrum from both experiment and simulation agree with the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China
| | - Zhang-Hu Hu
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - De-Xuan Hui
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yong-Tao Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yan-Hong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Yu Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bing-Li Zhu
- Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ze-Xian Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - You-Nian Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Black DS, Leedle KJ, Miao Y, Niedermayer U, Byer RL, Solgaard O. Laser-Driven Electron Lensing in Silicon Microstructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:104801. [PMID: 30932681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a laser-driven, tunable electron lens fabricated in monolithic silicon. The lens consists of an array of silicon pillars pumped symmetrically by two 300 fs, 1.95 μm wavelength, nJ-class laser pulses from an optical parametric amplifier. The optical near field of the pillar structure focuses electrons in the plane perpendicular to the pillar axes. With 100±10 MV/m incident laser fields, the lens focal length is measured to be 50±4 μm, which corresponds to an equivalent quadrupole focusing gradient B^{'} of 1.4±0.1 MT/m. By varying the incident laser field strength, the lens can be tuned from a 21±2 μm focal length (B^{'}>3.3 MT/m) to focal lengths on the centimeter scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S Black
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, David Packard Building, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
| | - Kenneth J Leedle
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, David Packard Building, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, David Packard Building, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
| | - Uwe Niedermayer
- Institut für Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstr. 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert L Byer
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305-4090, USA
| | - Olav Solgaard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, David Packard Building, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
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3
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Abstract
Particle accelerators are the ultimate microscopes. They produce high energy beams of particles — or, in some cases, generate X-ray laser pulses — to probe the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe and to explore the building blocks of life. But it takes huge accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider or the two-mile-long SLAC linac, to generate beams with enough energy and resolving power. If we could achieve the same thing with accelerators just a few meters long, accelerators and particle colliders could be much smaller and cheaper. Since the first theoretical work in the early 1980s, an exciting series of experiments have aimed at accelerating electrons and positrons to high energies in a much shorter distance by having them “surf” on waves of hot, ionized gas like that found in fluorescent light tubes. Electron-beam-driven experiments have measured the integrated and dynamic aspects of plasma focusing, the bright flux of high energy betatron radiation photons, particle beam refraction at the plasma–neutral-gas interface, and the structure and amplitude of the accelerating wakefield. Gradients spanning kT/m to MT/m for focusing and 100[Formula: see text]MeV/m to 50[Formula: see text]GeV/m for acceleration have been excited in meter-long plasmas with densities of 10[Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], respectively. Positron-beam-driven experiments have evidenced the more complex dynamic and integrated plasma focusing, 100[Formula: see text]MeV/m to 5[Formula: see text]GeV/m acceleration in linear and nonlinear plasma waves, and explored the dynamics of hollow channel plasma structures. Strongly beam-loaded plasma waves have accelerated beams of electrons and positrons with hundreds of pC of charge to over 5[Formula: see text]GeV in meter scale plasmas with high efficiency and narrow energy spread. These “plasma wakefield acceleration” experiments have been mounted by a diverse group of accelerator, laser and plasma researchers from national laboratories and universities around the world. This article reviews the basic principles of plasma wakefield acceleration with electron and positron beams, the current state of understanding, the push for first applications and the long range R&D roadmap toward a high energy collider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94303, USA
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4
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Schreiber J, Bolton PR, Parodi K. Invited Review Article: "Hands-on" laser-driven ion acceleration: A primer for laser-driven source development and potential applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:071101. [PMID: 27475539 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An overview of progress and typical yields from intense laser-plasma acceleration of ions is presented. The evolution of laser-driven ion acceleration at relativistic intensities ushers prospects for improved functionality and diverse applications which can represent a varied assortment of ion beam requirements. This mandates the development of the integrated laser-driven ion accelerator system, the multiple components of which are described. Relevant high field laser-plasma science and design of controlled optimum pulsed laser irradiation on target are dominant single shot (pulse) considerations with aspects that are appropriate to the emerging petawatt era. The pulse energy scaling of maximum ion energies and typical differential spectra obtained over the past two decades provide guidance for continued advancement of laser-driven energetic ion sources and their meaningful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schreiber
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinphysik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - P R Bolton
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinphysik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - K Parodi
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinphysik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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5
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van Tilborg J, Steinke S, Geddes CGR, Matlis NH, Shaw BH, Gonsalves AJ, Huijts JV, Nakamura K, Daniels J, Schroeder CB, Benedetti C, Esarey E, Bulanov SS, Bobrova NA, Sasorov PV, Leemans WP. Active Plasma Lensing for Relativistic Laser-Plasma-Accelerated Electron Beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:184802. [PMID: 26565471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.184802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Compact, tunable, radially symmetric focusing of electrons is critical to laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) applications. Experiments are presented demonstrating the use of a discharge-capillary active plasma lens to focus 100-MeV-level LPA beams. The lens can provide tunable field gradients in excess of 3000 T/m, enabling cm-scale focal lengths for GeV-level beam energies and allowing LPA-based electron beams and light sources to maintain their compact footprint. For a range of lens strengths, excellent agreement with simulation was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Tilborg
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Steinke
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N H Matlis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B H Shaw
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A J Gonsalves
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J V Huijts
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Nakamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Daniels
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C B Schroeder
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Benedetti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Esarey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S S Bulanov
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N A Bobrova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - P V Sasorov
- Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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6
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Demonstration of relativistic electron beam focusing by a laser-plasma lens. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6860. [PMID: 25880791 PMCID: PMC4410646 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-plasma technology promises a drastic reduction of the size of high-energy electron accelerators. It could make free-electron lasers available to a broad scientific community and push further the limits of electron accelerators for high-energy physics. Furthermore, the unique femtosecond nature of the source makes it a promising tool for the study of ultrafast phenomena. However, applications are hindered by the lack of suitable lens to transport this kind of high-current electron beams mainly due to their divergence. Here we show that this issue can be solved by using a laser-plasma lens in which the field gradients are five order of magnitude larger than in conventional optics. We demonstrate a reduction of the divergence by nearly a factor of three, which should allow for an efficient coupling of the beam with a conventional beam transport line. Laser-driven plasmas can accelerate electrons in set-ups far smaller than conventional particle accelerators, but beam divergence is a problem. Here, the authors demonstrate a laser-plasma lens that can focus the beam thanks to field gradients five order of magnitude larger than using traditional optics.
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7
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Muggli P, Blue BE, Clayton CE, Decker FJ, Hogan MJ, Huang C, Joshi C, Katsouleas TC, Lu W, Mori WB, O'Connell CL, Siemann RH, Walz D, Zhou M. Halo formation and emittance growth of positron beams in plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:055001. [PMID: 18764398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An ultrarelativistic 28.5 GeV, 700-microm-long positron bunch is focused near the entrance of a 1.4-m-long plasma with a density n(e) between approximately equal to 10(13) and approximately equal to 5 x 10(14) cm(-3). Partial neutralization of the bunch space charge by the mobile plasma electrons results in a reduction in transverse size by a factor of approximately equal to 3 in the high emittance plane of the beam approximately equal to 1 m downstream from the plasma exit. As n(e) increases, the formation of a beam halo containing approximately 40% of the total charge is observed, indicating that the plasma focusing force is nonlinear. Numerical simulations confirm these observations. The bunch with an incoming transverse size ratio of approximately 3 and emittance ratio of approximately 5 suffers emittance growth and exits the plasma with approximately equal sizes and emittances.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muggli
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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8
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Bingham R. Basic concepts in plasma accelerators. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2006; 364:559-75. [PMID: 16483948 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2005.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present the underlying physics and the present status of high gradient and high-energy plasma accelerators. With the development of compact short pulse high-brightness lasers and electron and positron beams, new areas of studies for laser/particle beam-matter interactions is opening up. A number of methods are being pursued vigorously to achieve ultra-high-acceleration gradients. These include the plasma beat wave accelerator (PBWA) mechanism which uses conventional long pulse ( approximately 100 ps) modest intensity lasers (I approximately 10(14)-10(16) W cm(-2)), the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) which uses the new breed of compact high-brightness lasers (<1 ps) and intensities >10(18) W cm(-2), self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator (SMLWFA) concept which combines elements of stimulated Raman forward scattering (SRFS) and electron acceleration by nonlinear plasma waves excited by relativistic electron and positron bunches the plasma wakefield accelerator. In the ultra-high intensity regime, laser/particle beam-plasma interactions are highly nonlinear and relativistic, leading to new phenomenon such as the plasma wakefield excitation for particle acceleration, relativistic self-focusing and guiding of laser beams, high-harmonic generation, acceleration of electrons, positrons, protons and photons. Fields greater than 1 GV cm(-1) have been generated with monoenergetic particle beams accelerated to about 100 MeV in millimetre distances recorded. Plasma wakefields driven by both electron and positron beams at the Stanford linear accelerator centre (SLAC) facility have accelerated the tail of the beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bingham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 OQX, UK
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9
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Deng S, Barnes CD, Clayton CE, O'Connell C, Decker FJ, Fonseca RA, Huang C, Hogan MJ, Iverson R, Johnson DK, Joshi C, Katsouleas T, Krejcik P, Lu W, Mori WB, Muggli P, Oz E, Tsung F, Walz D, Zhou M. Hose instability and wake generation by an intense electron beam in a self-ionized gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:045001. [PMID: 16486834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of an intense relativistic electron beam through a gas that is self-ionized by the beam's space charge and wakefields is examined analytically and with 3D particle-in-cell simulations. Instability arises from the coupling between a beam and the offset plasma channel it creates when it is perturbed. The traditional electron hose instability in a preformed plasma is replaced with this slower growth instability depending on the radius of the ionization channel compared to the electron blowout radius. A new regime for hose stable plasma wakefield acceleration is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deng
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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10
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Hogan MJ, Barnes CD, Clayton CE, Decker FJ, Deng S, Emma P, Huang C, Iverson RH, Johnson DK, Joshi C, Katsouleas T, Krejcik P, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, Muggli P, O'Connell CL, Oz E, Siemann RH, Walz D. Multi-GeV energy gain in a plasma-wakefield accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:054802. [PMID: 16090883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.054802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A plasma-wakefield accelerator has accelerated particles by over 2.7 GeV in a 10 cm long plasma module. A 28.5 GeV electron beam with 1.8 x 10(10) electrons is compressed to 20 microm longitudinally and focused to a transverse spot size of 10 microm at the entrance of a 10 cm long column of lithium vapor with density 2.8 x 10(17) atoms/cm3. The electron bunch fully ionizes the lithium vapor to create a plasma and then expels the plasma electrons. These electrons return one-half plasma period later driving a large amplitude plasma wake that in turn accelerates particles in the back of the bunch by more than 2.7 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hogan
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94309, USA
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11
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12
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Blue BE, Clayton CE, O'Connell CL, Decker FJ, Hogan MJ, Huang C, Iverson R, Joshi C, Katsouleas TC, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, Muggli P, Siemann R, Walz D. Plasma-wakefield acceleration of an intense positron beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:214801. [PMID: 12786559 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.214801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasma wakefields are both excited and probed by propagating an intense 28.5 GeV positron beam through a 1.4 m long lithium plasma. The main body of the beam loses energy in exciting this wakefield while positrons in the back of the same beam can be accelerated by the same wakefield as it changes sign. The scaling of energy loss with plasma density as well as the energy gain seen at the highest plasma density is in excellent agreement with simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Blue
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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13
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Hogan MJ, Clayton CE, Huang C, Muggli P, Wang S, Blue BE, Walz D, Marsh KA, O'Connell CL, Lee S, Iverson R, Decker FJ, Raimondi P, Mori WB, Katsouleas TC, Joshi C, Siemann RH. Ultrarelativistic-positron-beam transport through meter-scale plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:205002. [PMID: 12785902 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.205002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first study of the dynamic transverse forces imparted to an ultrarelativistic positron beam by a long plasma in the underdense regime. Focusing of the 28.5 GeV beam is observed from time-resolved beam profiles after the 1.4 m plasma. The strength of the imparted force varies along the approximately 12 ps full length of the bunch as well as with plasma density. Computer simulations substantiate the longitudinal aberration seen in the data and reveal mechanisms for emittance degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hogan
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California 94309, USA
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14
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Esarey E, Shadwick BA, Catravas P, Leemans WP. Synchrotron radiation from electron beams in plasma-focusing channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:056505. [PMID: 12059723 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.056505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2001] [Revised: 12/07/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous radiation emitted from relativistic electrons undergoing betatron motion in a plasma-focusing channel is analyzed, and applications to plasma wake-field accelerator experiments and to the ion-channel laser (ICL) are discussed. Important similarities and differences between a free electron laser (FEL) and an ICL are delineated. It is shown that the frequency of spontaneous radiation is a strong function of the betatron strength parameter a(beta), which plays a role similar to that of the wiggler strength parameter in a conventional FEL. For a(beta) > or approximately 1, radiation is emitted in numerous harmonics. Furthermore, a(beta) is proportional to the amplitude of the betatron orbit, which varies for every electron in the beam. The radiation spectrum emitted from an electron beam is calculated by averaging the single-electron spectrum over the electron distribution. This leads to a frequency broadening of the radiation spectrum, which places serious limits on the possibility of realizing an ICL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Esarey
- Center for Beam Physics, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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15
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Clayton CE, Blue BE, Dodd ES, Joshi C, Marsh KA, Mori WB, Wang S, Catravas P, Chattopadhyay S, Esarey E, Leemans WP, Assmann R, Decker FJ, Hogan MJ, Iverson R, Raimondi P, Siemann RH, Walz D, Katsouleas T, Lee S, Muggli P. Transverse envelope dynamics of a 28.5-GeV electron beam in a long plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:154801. [PMID: 11955201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The transverse dynamics of a 28.5-GeV electron beam propagating in a 1.4 m long, (0-2)x10(14) cm(-3) plasma are studied experimentally in the underdense or blowout regime. The transverse component of the wake field excited by the short electron bunch focuses the bunch, which experiences multiple betatron oscillations as the plasma density is increased. The spot-size variations are observed using optical transition radiation and Cherenkov radiation. In this regime, the behavior of the spot size as a function of the plasma density is well described by a simple beam-envelope model. Dynamic changes of the beam envelope are observed by time resolving the Cherenkov light.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Clayton
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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