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Sumaria V, Sautet P. CO organization at ambient pressure on stepped Pt surfaces: first principles modeling accelerated by neural networks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15543-15555. [PMID: 35003583 PMCID: PMC8654054 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Step and kink sites at Pt surfaces have crucial importance in catalysis. We employ a high dimensional neural network potential (HDNNP) trained using first-principles calculations to determine the adsorption structure of CO under ambient conditions (T = 300 K and P = 1 atm) on these surfaces. To thoroughly explore the potential energy surface (PES), we use a modified basin hopping method. We utilize the explored PES to identify the adsorbate structures and show that under the considered conditions several low free energy structures exist. Under the considered temperature and pressure conditions, the step edge (or kink) is totally occupied by on-top CO molecules. We show that the step structure and the structure of CO molecules on the step dictate the arrangement of CO molecules on the lower terrace. On surfaces with (111) steps, like Pt(553), CO forms quasi-hexagonal structures on the terrace with the top site preferred, with on average two top site CO for one multiply bonded CO, while in contrast surfaces with (100) steps, like Pt(557), present a majority of multiply bonded CO on their terrace. Short terraced surfaces, like Pt(643), with square (100) steps that are broken by kink sites constrain the CO arrangement parallel to the step edge. Overall, this effort provides detailed analysis on the influence of the step edge structure, kink sites, and terrace width on the organization of CO molecules on non-reconstructed stepped surfaces, yielding initial structures for understanding restructuring events driven by CO at high coverages and ambient pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidish Sumaria
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90094 USA
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90094 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles CA 90094 USA
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Choi JIJ, Kim TS, Kim D, Lee SW, Park JY. Operando Surface Characterization on Catalytic and Energy Materials from Single Crystals to Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16392-16413. [PMID: 33210917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Modern surface science faces two major challenges, a materials gap and a pressure gap. While studies on single crystal surface in ultrahigh vacuum have uncovered the atomic and electronic structures of the surface, the materials and environmental conditions of commercial catalysis are much more complicated, both in the structure of the materials and in the accessible pressure range of analysis instruments. Model systems and operando surface techniques have been developed to bridge these gaps. In this Review, we highlight the current trends in the development of the surface characterization techniques and methodologies in more realistic environments, with emphasis on recent research efforts at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. We show principles and applications of the microscopic and spectroscopic surface techniques at ambient pressure that were used for the characterization of atomic structure, electronic structure, charge transport, and the mechanical properties of catalytic and energy materials. Ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allow us to observe the surface restructuring that occurs during oxidation, reduction, and catalytic processes. In addition, we introduce the ambient pressure atomic force microscopy that revealed the morphological, mechanical, and charge transport properties that occur during the catalytic and energy conversion processes. Hot electron detection enables the monitoring of catalytic reactions and electronic excitations on the surface. Overall, the information on the nature of catalytic reactions obtained with operando spectroscopic and microscopic techniques may bring breakthroughs in some of the global energy and environmental problems the world is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Il Jake Choi
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Taek-Seung Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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3
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Su YQ, Wang Y, Liu JX, Filot IA, Alexopoulos K, Zhang L, Muravev V, Zijlstra B, Vlachos DG, Hensen EJ. Theoretical Approach To Predict the Stability of Supported Single-Atom Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qiong Su
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jin-Xun Liu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo A.W. Filot
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Alexopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Valerii Muravev
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Zijlstra
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Emiel J.M. Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials & Catalysis, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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4
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van Spronsen MA, Frenken JWM, Groot IMN. Surface science under reaction conditions: CO oxidation on Pt and Pd model catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4347-4374. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Application of surface-science techniques, such as XPS, SXRD, STM, and IR spectroscopy under catalytic reactions conditions yield new structural and chemical information. Recent experiments focusing on CO oxidation over Pt and Pd model catalysts were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joost W. M. Frenken
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography
- 1090 BA Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Irene M. N. Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
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5
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Dou J, Sun Z, Opalade AA, Wang N, Fu W, Tao F(F. Operando chemistry of catalyst surfaces during catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2001-2027. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00931j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of a catalyst surface during catalysis is crucial for a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of a catalytic reaction performed on the catalyst in the gas or liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dou
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Adedamola A. Opalade
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Wensheng Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications and College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Franklin (Feng) Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
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6
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Tao F(F, Crozier PA. Atomic-Scale Observations of Catalyst Structures under Reaction Conditions and during Catalysis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3487-539. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin (Feng) Tao
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Peter A. Crozier
- School
of Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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7
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Wu CH, Eren B, Salmeron MB. Structure and Dynamics of Reactant Coadsorption on Single Crystal Model Catalysts by HP-STM and AP-XPS: A Mini Review. Top Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-015-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Ulrikkeholm ET, Hansen MH, Rossmeisl J, Chorkendorff I. Investigating the coverage dependent behaviour of CO on Gd/Pt(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29732-29739. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04575h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coverage dependent behaviour of CO on a strained Pt surface has been studied using in ultra high vacuum and using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Therese Ulrikkeholm
- Department of Physics
- Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Martin Hangaard Hansen
- Department of Physics
- Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry
- Nano-Science Center
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics
- Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
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9
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Toyoshima R, Yoshida M, Monya Y, Suzuki K, Amemiya K, Mase K, Mun BS, Kondoh H. A high-pressure-induced dense CO overlayer on a Pt(111) surface: a chemical analysis using in situ near ambient pressure XPS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23564-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Ellert OG, Tsodikov MV, Nikolaev SA, Novotortsev VM. Bimetallic nanoalloys in heterogeneous catalysis of industrially important reactions: synergistic effects and structural organization of active components. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n08abeh004432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Kaichev VV, Prosvirin IP, Bukhtiyarov VI. Decomposition and oxidation of methanol on platinum: A study by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158414040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Somorjai GA, Beaumont SK, Alayoglu S. Bestimmung der Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Dynamiken molekularer Oberflächen unter Reaktionsbedingungen bei hohen Drücken und an der Fest-flüssig-Phasengrenzfläche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Somorjai GA, Beaumont SK, Alayoglu S. Determination of Molecular Surface Structure, Composition, and Dynamics under Reaction Conditions at High Pressures and at the Solid-Liquid Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10116-29. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Modestov A, Tarasevich M, Filimonov V, Davydova E. CO tolerance and CO oxidation at Pt and Pt–Ru anode catalysts in fuel cell with polybenzimidazole–H3PO4 membrane. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Nilekar AU, Alayoglu S, Eichhorn B, Mavrikakis M. Preferential CO Oxidation in Hydrogen: Reactivity of Core−Shell Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7418-28. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101108w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Udaykumar Nilekar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Selim Alayoglu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Bryan Eichhorn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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16
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Alayoglu S, Nilekar AU, Mavrikakis M, Eichhorn B. Ru-Pt core-shell nanoparticles for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen. NATURE MATERIALS 2008; 7:333-338. [PMID: 18345004 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Most of the world's hydrogen supply is currently obtained by reforming hydrocarbons. 'Reformate' hydrogen contains significant quantities of CO that poison current hydrogen fuel-cell devices. Catalysts are needed to remove CO from hydrogen through selective oxidation. Here, we report first-principles-guided synthesis of a nanoparticle catalyst comprising a Ru core covered with an approximately 1-2-monolayer-thick shell of Pt atoms. The distinct catalytic properties of these well-characterized core-shell nanoparticles were demonstrated for preferential CO oxidation in hydrogen feeds and subsequent hydrogen light-off. For H2 streams containing 1,000 p.p.m. CO, H2 light-off is complete by 30 (composite function)C, which is significantly better than for traditional PtRu nano-alloys (85 (composite function)C), monometallic mixtures of nanoparticles (93 (composite function)C) and pure Pt particles (170 ( composite function)C). Density functional theory studies suggest that the enhanced catalytic activity for the core-shell nanoparticle originates from a combination of an increased availability of CO-free Pt surface sites on the Ru@Pt nanoparticles and a hydrogen-mediated low-temperature CO oxidation process that is clearly distinct from the traditional bifunctional CO oxidation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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17
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Rioux RM, Hoefelmeyer JD, Grass M, Song H, Niesz K, Yang P, Somorjai GA. Adsorption and co-adsorption of ethylene and carbon monoxide on silica-supported monodisperse Pt nanoparticles: volumetric adsorption and infrared spectroscopy studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:198-207. [PMID: 18052400 DOI: 10.1021/la702685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of carbon monoxide and ethylene, and their sequential adsorption, was studied over a series of Pt/SBA-15 catalysts with monodisperse particle sizes ranging from 1.7 to 7.1 nm by diffuse-reflectance infrared spectroscopy and chemisorption. Gas adsorption was dependent on the Pt particle size, temperature, and sequence of gas exposure. Adsorption of CO at room temperature on Pt/SBA-15 gives rise to a spectroscopic feature assigned to the C-O stretch: nu(CO) = 2075 cm-1 (1.9 nm); 2079 cm-1 (2.9 nm); 2082 cm-1 (3.6 nm); and 2090 cm-1 (7.1 nm). The intensity of the signal decreased in a sigmoidal fashion with increasing temperature, thereby providing semiquantitative surface coverage information. Adsorption of ethylene on Pt/SBA-15 gave rise to spectroscopic features at approximately 1340, approximately 1420, and approximately 1500 cm-1 assigned to ethylidyne, di-sigma-bonded ethylene, and pi-bonded ethylene, respectively. The ratio of these surface species is highly dependent on the Pt particle size. At room temperature, Pt particles stabilize ethylidyne as well as di-sigma- and pi-bonded ethylene; however, ethylidyne predominated on the surfaces of larger particles. Ethylidyne was the only identifiable species at 403 K, with its formation being more facile on larger particles. Co-adsorption experiments reveal that the composition of the surface layer is dependent on the order of exposure to gases. Exposure of a C2H4-covered Pt surface to CO resulted in an approximately 50% decrease in chemisorbed CO compared to a fresh Pt surface. The nu(CO) appeared at 2050 cm-1 on Pt/SBA-15 pretreated with C2H4 at room temperature. The di-sigma-bonded and pi-bonded species are the most susceptible to displacement from the surface by CO. The formation of ethylidyne appeared to be less sensitive to the presence of adsorbed carbon monoxide, especially on larger particles. Upon exposure of C2H4 to a CO-covered Pt surface, little irreversible uptake occurred due to nearly 100% site blocking. These results demonstrate that carbon monoxide competes directly with ethylene for surface sites, which will have direct implications on the poisoning of the heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Rioux
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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19
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Sum Frequency Generation and Polarization–Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy of Functioning Model Catalysts from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Ambient Pressure. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(06)51004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Vang RT, Laegsgaard E, Besenbacher F. Bridging the pressure gap in model systems for heterogeneous catalysis with high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3460-9. [PMID: 17612714 DOI: 10.1039/b703328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-pressure scanning tunneling microscope (HP-STM) enabling imaging with atomic resolution over the entire pressure range from ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) to one bar has been developed. By means of this HP-STM we have studied the adsorption of hydrogen on Cu(110), CO on Pt(110) and Pt(111), and NO on Pd(111) at high pressures. For all of these adsorption systems we find that the adsorption structures formed at high pressures are identical to high-coverage structures formed at lower pressures and temperatures. We thus conclude that for these systems the so-called pressure gap can be bridged, i.e. the results obtained under conventional surface science conditions can be extrapolated to higher pressures. Finally, we use the HP-STM to image the CO-induced phase separation of a Au/Ni(111) surface alloy in real time, whereby demonstrating the importance of catalyst stability in the study of bimetallic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie T Vang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Cuesta A, del Carmen Pérez M, Rincón A, Gutiérrez C. Adsorption Isotherm of CO on Pt(111) Electrodes. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:2346-51. [PMID: 17009280 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have determined, for the first time, the equilibrium CO coverage of Pt(111) electrodes at room temperature in 0.1 M H(2)SO(4) as a function of the CO partial pressure using CO-stripping cyclic voltammetry. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to confirm qualitatively the coverage values obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cuesta
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, C. Serrano, 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Contreras AM, Montano M, Kweskin SJ, Koebel MM, Bratlie K, Becraft K, Somorjai GA. Molecular surface science of C–H bond activation and polymerization catalysis. Top Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-006-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) at High Pressures. Adsorption and Catalytic Reaction Studies on Platinum and Rhodium Single Crystal Surfaces. Catal Letters 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-005-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Lauritsen J, Besenbacher F. Model Catalyst Surfaces Investigated by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(06)50003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Hendriksen BLM, Bobaru SC, Frenken JWM. Looking at Heterogeneous Catalysis at Atmospheric Pressure Using Tunnel Vision. Top Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-005-7861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Vang RT, Wang JG, Knudsen J, Schnadt J, Laegsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Besenbacher F. The Adsorption Structure of NO on Pd(111) at High Pressures Studied by STM and DFT. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14262-5. [PMID: 16852791 DOI: 10.1021/jp052519t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we study the adsorption structure of NO on Pd(111) at pressures of up to 720 Torr. From atomically resolved STM images, we identify, at high pressures, only the (2 x 2)-3NO structure, which is identical with the highest NO-coverage structure found at low pressure and low temperature. DFT calculations confirm that the (2 x 2)-3NO structure is indeed the most stable adsorption structure at high pressures. Contrary to recent suggestions in the literature, we therefore conclude that we find no evidence for a (3 x 3)-7NO structure on Pd(111) at high NO pressure.
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28
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Li W, Hammer B. Reactivity of a gas/metal/metal-oxide three-phase boundary: CO oxidation at the Pt(111)–c(4×2)-2CO/α-PtO2 phase boundary. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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López-Cudero A, Cuesta A, Gutiérrez C. Potential dependence of the saturation CO coverage of Pt electrodes: The origin of the pre-peak in CO-stripping voltammograms. Part 1: Pt(111). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Shue CH, Yang LYO, Yau SL, Itaya K. In-situ scanning tunneling microscopy of carbon monoxide adsorbed on Au(111) electrode. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:1942-1948. [PMID: 15723493 DOI: 10.1021/la047832l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) coupled with cyclic voltammetry was used to examine the adsorption of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules on an ordered Au(111) electrode in 0.1 M HClO4. Molecular resolution STM revealed the formation of several commensurate CO adlattices, but the (9 x radical 3) structure eventually prevailed with time. The CO adlayer was completely electrooxidized to CO2 at 0.9 V versus RHE in CO-free 0.1 M HClO(4), as indicated by a broad and irreversible anodic peak which appeared at this potential in a positive potential sweep from 0.05 to 1.6 V. A maximal coverage of 0.3 was estimated for CO admolecules from the amount of charge involved in this feature. Real-time in-situ STM imaging allowed direct visualization of the adsorption process of CO on Au(111) at 0.1 V, showing the lifting of (radical 3 x 22) reconstruction of Au(111) and the formation of ordered CO adlattices. The (9 x radical 3) structure observed in CO-saturated perchloric acid has a coverage of 0.28, which is approximately equal to that determined from coulometry. Switching the potential from 0.1 to -0.1 V restored the reconstructed Au(111) with no change in the (9 x radical 3)-CO adlattice. However, the reconstructed Au(111) featured a pairwise corrugation pattern with two nearest pairs separated by 74 +/- 1 A, corresponding to a 14% increase from the ideal value of 65.6 A known for the ( radical 3 x 22) reconstruction. Molecular resolution STM further revealed that protrusions resulting from CO admolecules in the (9 x radical 3) structure exhibited distinctly different corrugation heights, suggesting that the CO molecules resided at different sites on Au(111). This ordered structure predominated in the potential range between 0.1 and 0.7 V; however, it was converted into new structures of (7 x radical 7) and ( radical 43 x 2 radical 13) on the unreconstructed Au(111) when the potential was held at 0.8 V for ca. 60 min. The coverage of CO adlayer decreased accordingly from 0.28 to 0.13 before it was completely removed from the Au(111) surface at more positive potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Haw Shue
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan 320, CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Wang JX, Robinson IK, Ocko BM, Adzic RR. Adsorbate-Geometry Specific Subsurface Relaxation in the CO/Pt(111) System. J Phys Chem B 2004; 109:24-6. [PMID: 16850976 DOI: 10.1021/jp045082i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A dramatic multilayer substrate relaxation is observed for the (square root 19 x square root 19)-13CO adlayer phase on a Pt(111) electrode by surface X-ray scattering. Within the (square root 19 x square root 19) unit cell, a vertical expansion of 0.28 A was determined for the Pt atoms under near-top-site CO molecules, whereas only 0.04 A was found under near-bridge-site CO molecules. The lateral displacements involve small rotations toward more symmetric bonding. Both the expansions and rotations extend into the bulk with a decay length of 1.8 Pt layers. This nonuniform layer expansion, hitherto unseen, appears to be a manifestation of the differential stress induced by CO adsorption at different sites.
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Tang DC, Hwang KS, Salmeron M, Somorjai GA. High Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of CO Poisoning of Ethylene Hydrogenation on Pt(111) and Rh(111) Single Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Longwitz SR, Schnadt J, Vestergaard EK, Vang RT, Erik Lægsgaard,, Stensgaard I, Brune H, Besenbacher F. High-Coverage Structures of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbed on Pt(111) Studied by High-Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0492218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Longwitz
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Schnadt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ebbe Kruse Vestergaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ronnie T. Vang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erik Lægsgaard,
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stensgaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald Brune
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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In Situ Surface X-Ray Scattering Observation of Long-Range Ordered ( 19 × 19 )R23.4°-13CO Structure on Pt(111) in Aqueous Electrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1645354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rupprechter G. 8 Surface vibrational spectroscopy on noble metal catalysts from ultrahigh vacuum to atmospheric pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b313667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Liu P, Logadottir A, Nørskov J. Modeling the electro-oxidation of CO and H2/CO on Pt, Ru, PtRu and Pt3Sn. Electrochim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jusys Z, Kaiser J, Behm R. Simulated ‘air bleed’ oxidation of adsorbed CO on carbon supported Pt. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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