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Impens F, Duboscq R, Guéry-Odelin D. Quantum Control beyond the Adiabatic Regime in 2D Curved Matter-Wave Guides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:250403. [PMID: 32639754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.250403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of matter waves in curved geometry is relevant for ion transport, atomtronics and electrons in nanowires. Curvature effects are usually addressed within the adiabatic limit and treated via an effective potential acting on the manifold to which the particles are strongly confined. However, the strength of the confinements that can be achieved experimentally are limited in practice, and the adiabatic approximation often appears too restrictive for realistic guides. Here, we work out a design method for 2D sharply bent waveguides beyond this approximation using an exact inverse-engineering technique. The efficiency of the method is confirmed by the resolution of the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equation in curved geometry. In this way, we realize reflectionless and ultrarobust curved guides, even in the presence of interactions. Here, the transverse stability is improved by several orders of magnitude when compared to circular guides of similar size.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Impens
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Romain Duboscq
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS, INSA IMT, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - David Guéry-Odelin
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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2
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Pandey S, Mas H, Drougakis G, Thekkeppatt P, Bolpasi V, Vasilakis G, Poulios K, von Klitzing W. Hypersonic Bose-Einstein condensates in accelerator rings. Nature 2019; 570:205-209. [PMID: 31168098 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most sensitive and precise measurements-for example, of inertia1, gravity2 and rotation3-are based on matter-wave interferometry with free-falling atomic clouds. To achieve very high sensitivities, the interrogation time has to be very long, and consequently the experimental apparatus needs to be very tall (in some cases reaching ten or even one hundred metres) or the experiments must be performed in microgravity in space4-7. Cancelling gravitational acceleration (for example, in atomtronic circuits8,9 and matter-wave guides10) is expected to result in compact devices with extended interrogation times and therefore increased sensitivity. Here we demonstrate smooth and controllable matter-wave guides by transporting Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) over macroscopic distances. We use a neutral-atom accelerator ring to bring BECs to very high speeds (16 times their sound velocity) and transport them in a magnetic matter-wave guide for 15 centimetres while fully preserving their internal coherence. The resulting high angular momentum of more than 40,000ħ per atom (where ħ is the reduced Planck constant) gives access to the higher Landau levels of quantum Hall states, and the hypersonic velocities achieved, combined with our ability to control potentials with picokelvin precision, will facilitate the study of superfluidity and give rise to tunnelling and a large range of transport regimes of ultracold atoms11-13. Coherent matter-wave guides are expected to enable interaction times of several seconds in highly compact devices and lead to portable guided-atom interferometers for applications such as inertial navigation and gravity mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pandey
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Hector Mas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Giannis Drougakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Premjith Thekkeppatt
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bolpasi
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Vasilakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Poulios
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wolf von Klitzing
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
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3
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Keil M, Amit O, Zhou S, Groswasser D, Japha Y, Folman R. Fifteen years of cold matter on the atom chip: promise, realizations, and prospects. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:1840-1885. [PMID: 27499585 PMCID: PMC4960518 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1178820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we review the field of atom chips in the context of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) as well as cold matter in general. Twenty years after the first realization of the BEC and 15 years after the realization of the atom chip, the latter has been found to enable extraordinary feats: from producing BECs at a rate of several per second, through the realization of matter-wave interferometry, and all the way to novel probing of surfaces and new forces. In addition, technological applications are also being intensively pursued. This review will describe these developments and more, including new ideas which have not yet been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Keil
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Omer Amit
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - David Groswasser
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonathan Japha
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron Folman
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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On a Hyperbolic Solution to the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation for a Square Well Potential Coupled to a Contact Impurity at the Delocalization Threshold. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Belobo Belobo D, Ben-Bolie GH, Kofane TC. Dynamics of matter-wave condensates with time-dependent two- and three-body interactions trapped by a linear potential in the presence of atom gain or loss. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:042913. [PMID: 24827319 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.042913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensates with time varying two- and three-body interatomic interactions, confined in a linear potential and exchanging atoms with the thermal cloud are investigated. Using the extended tanh-function method with an auxiliary equation, i.e., the Lenard equation, many exact solutions describing the dynamics of matter-wave condensates are derived. An important issue is the time management of the cubic and the quintic nonlinearities by tuning the rate of exchange of atoms between the condensate and the thermal background. In addition, adjusting the strength of the linear potential, the rate of exchange of atoms, and many other free parameters allow one to control many features of the condensate such as its height, width, position, velocity, acceleration, and its direction, respectively. Full numerical solutions corroborate the analytical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belobo Belobo
- Laboratory of Atom and Radiation, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - G H Ben-Bolie
- Laboratory of Atom and Radiation, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon and Centre d'Excellence en Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (CETIC), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - T C Kofane
- Centre d'Excellence en Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (CETIC), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon and Laboratory of Mechanics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon and The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34014 Trieste, Italy
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6
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Martínez-Garaot S, Torrontegui E, Chen X, Modugno M, Guéry-Odelin D, Tseng SY, Muga JG. Vibrational mode multiplexing of ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:213001. [PMID: 24313484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.213001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sending multiple messages on qubits encoded in different vibrational modes of cold atoms or ions along a transmission waveguide requires us to merge first and then separate the modes at input and output ends. Similarly, different qubits can be stored in the modes of a trap and be separated later. We design the fast splitting of a harmonic trap into an asymmetric double well so that the initial ground vibrational state becomes the ground state of one of two final wells, and the initial first excited state becomes the ground state of the other well. This might be done adiabatically by slowly deforming the trap. We speed up the process by inverse engineering a double-function trap using dynamical invariants. The separation (demultiplexing) followed by an inversion of the asymmetric bias and then by the reverse process (multiplexing) provides a population inversion protocol based solely on trap reshaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martínez-Garaot
- Departamento de Química Física, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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7
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Mohamadou A, Wamba E, Lissouck D, Kofane TC. Dynamics of kink-dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates with both two- and three-body interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:046605. [PMID: 22680596 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.046605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The matter-wave solutions of Bose-Einstein condensates with three-body interaction are examined through the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. By using a modified lens-type transformation and a further extension of the tanh-function method we obtain the exact analytical solutions which describe the propagation of kink-shaped solitons, anti-kink-shaped solitons, and other families of solitary waves. We realize that the shape of a kink solitary wave depends on both the scattering length and the parameter of atomic exchange with the substrate. The stability of the solitary waves is examined using analytical and numerical methods. Our results can also be applied to nonlinear optics in the presence of cubic-quintic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alidou Mohamadou
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
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8
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Brazhnyi VA, Malomed BA. Dragging two-dimensional discrete solitons by moving linear defects. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:016608. [PMID: 21867335 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.016608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the mobility of small-amplitude solitons attached to moving defects which drag the solitons across a two-dimensional (2D) discrete nonlinear Schrödinger lattice. Findings are compared to the situation when a free small-amplitude 2D discrete soliton is kicked in a uniform lattice. In agreement with previously known results, after a period of transient motion the free soliton transforms into a localized mode pinned by the Peierls-Nabarro potential, irrespective of the initial velocity. However, the soliton attached to the moving defect can be dragged over an indefinitely long distance (including routes with abrupt turns and circular trajectories) virtually without losses, provided that the dragging velocity is smaller than a certain critical value. Collisions between solitons dragged by two defects in opposite directions are studied too. If the velocity is small enough, the collision leads to a spontaneous symmetry breaking, featuring fusion of two solitons into a single one, which remains attached to either of the two defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy A Brazhnyi
- Centro de Física do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Narayana S, Sato Y. Superfluid quantum interference in multiple-turn reciprocal geometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:255301. [PMID: 21770649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.255301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of superfluid quantum interference in a compact, large-area matter-wave interferometer consisting of a multiple-turn interfering path in reciprocal geometry. Utilizing the Sagnac effect from Earth's rotation in conjunction with a phase shifter made of superfluid heat current, we demonstrate that such a scheme can be extended for sensitive rotation sensing as well as for general interferometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supradeep Narayana
- The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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10
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Smith DA, Aigner S, Hofferberth S, Gring M, Andersson M, Wildermuth S, Krüger P, Schneider S, Schumm T, Schmiedmayer J. Absorption imaging of ultracold atoms on atom chips. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:8471-8485. [PMID: 21643097 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.008471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Imaging ultracold atomic gases close to surfaces is an important tool for the detailed analysis of experiments carried out using atom chips. We describe the critical factors that need be considered, especially when the imaging beam is purposely reflected from the surface. In particular we present methods to measure the atom-surface distance, which is a prerequisite for magnetic field imaging and studies of atom surface-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Smith
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Cardoso WB, Avelar AT, Bazeia D. One-dimensional reduction of the three-dimenstional Gross-Pitaevskii equation with two- and three-body interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:036604. [PMID: 21517613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.036604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We deal with the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation which is used to describe a cloud of dilute bosonic atoms that interact under competing two- and three-body scattering potentials. We study the case where the cloud of atoms is strongly confined in two spatial dimensions, allowing us to build an unidimensional nonlinear equation,controlled by the nonlinearities and the confining potentials that trap the system along the longitudinal coordinate. We focus attention on specific limits dictated by the cubic and quintic coefficients, and we implement numerical simulations to help us to quantify the validity of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Cardoso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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12
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Vaidya VD, Traxler M, Hempel C, Mhaskar RR, Raithel G. Ion imaging in a high-gradient magnetic guide. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:043109. [PMID: 20441327 DOI: 10.1063/1.3386583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study a photoionization method to detect and image a narrow beam of cold atoms traveling along a high-gradient two-wire magnetic guide that is continuously on. Ions are accelerated in a compact acceleration region, directed through a drift region several centimeters in length, and detected using a position-sensitive ion detector. The potentials of several electrodes can be varied to adjust the imaging properties. Using ion trajectory simulations as well as experiments, we study the passage of the ions through the detection system, the magnification of the detection system, and the time-of-flight characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Vaidya
- JQI, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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13
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Billy J, Josse V, Zuo Z, Guerin W, Aspect A, Bouyer P. Guided atom laser: a new tool for guided atom optics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1051/anphys:2008001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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14
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Guerin W, Riou JF, Gaebler JP, Josse V, Bouyer P, Aspect A. Guided quasicontinuous atom laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:200402. [PMID: 17155665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first realization of a guided quasicontinuous atom laser by rf outcoupling a Bose-Einstein condensate from a hybrid optomagnetic trap into a horizontal atomic waveguide. This configuration allows us to cancel the acceleration due to gravity and keep the de Broglie wavelength constant at 0.5 microm during 0.1 s of propagation. We also show that our configuration, equivalent to pigtailing an optical fiber to a (photon) semiconductor laser, ensures an intrinsically good transverse mode matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guerin
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique, CNRS et Université Paris Sud 11, Campus Polytechnique, RD 128, 91127 Palaiseau, France.
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15
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Moore KL, Gupta S, Murch KW, Stamper-Kurn DM. Probing the quantum state of a guided atom laser pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:180410. [PMID: 17155527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.180410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe bichromatic superradiant pump-probe spectroscopy as a tomographic probe of the Wigner function of a dispersing particle beam. We employed this technique to characterize the quantum state of an ultracold atomic beam, derived from a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate, as it propagated in a 2.5 mm diameter circular waveguide. Our measurements place an upper bound on the longitudinal phase space area occupied by the 3 x 10(5) atom beam of 9(1)Planck's constant and a lower bound on the coherence length of L>or=13(1) microm. These results are consistent with full quantum degeneracy after multiple orbits around the waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Moore
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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16
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Yurovsky VA, Ben-Reuven A, Olshanii M. One-dimensional Bose chemistry: effects of nonintegrability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:163201. [PMID: 16712226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-body collisions of ultracold identical Bose atoms under tight cylindrical confinement are analyzed. A Feshbach resonance in two-body collisions is described by a two-channel zero-range interaction. Elimination of the closed channel in the three-body problem reduces the interaction to a one-channel zero-range one with an energy-dependent strength. The related integrable Lieb-Liniger-McGuire (LLMG) model, with an energy-independent strength, forbids all chemical processes, such as three-atom association and diatom dissociation, as well as reflection in atom-diatom collisions. The resonant case is analyzed by a numerical solution of the Faddeev equations. The results demonstrate that as the internal symmetry of the LLMG model is lifted, reflection and chemical reactions become allowed and may be observed in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Yurovsky
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Murch KW, Moore KL, Gupta S, Stamper-Kurn DM. Dispersion management using betatron resonances in an ultracold-atom storage ring. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:013202. [PMID: 16486451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particles circulating at specific velocities in a storage ring can undergo betatron resonances at which static perturbations of the particles' orbit yield large transverse (betatron) oscillations. We have observed betatron resonances in an ultracold-atom storage ring and found these resonances to cause the near-elimination of the longitudinal dispersion of atomic beams propagating at resonant velocities. This effect can improve atom-interferometric devices. Both the resonant velocities and the resonance strengths were varied by deliberate modifications to the storage ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Murch
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Nohadani O, Wessel S, Haas S. Bose-glass phases in disordered quantum magnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:227201. [PMID: 16384258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.227201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In disordered spin systems with antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange, transitions into and out of a magnetic-field-induced ordered phase pass through unique regimes. Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations to study the zero-temperature behavior, these intermediate regions are determined to be Bose-glass phases. The localization of field-induced triplons causes a finite compressibility and, hence, glassiness in the disordered phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Nohadani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, USA
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19
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Gupta S, Murch KW, Moore KL, Purdy TP, Stamper-Kurn DM. Bose-Einstein condensation in a circular waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:143201. [PMID: 16241650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have produced Bose-Einstein condensates in a ring-shaped magnetic waveguide. The few-millimeter diameter, nonzero-bias ring is formed from a time-averaged quadrupole ring. Condensates that propagate around the ring make several revolutions within the time it takes for them to expand to fill the ring. The ring shape is ideally suited for studies of vorticity in a multiply connected geometry and is promising as a rotation sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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20
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Bilas N, Pavloff N. Propagation of a dark soliton in a disordered Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:130403. [PMID: 16197124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider the propagation of a dark soliton in a quasi-1D Bose-Einstein condensate in presence of a random potential. This configuration involves nonlinear effects and disorder, and we argue that, contrarily to the study of stationary transmission coefficients through a nonlinear disordered slab, it is a well-defined problem. It is found that a dark soliton decays algebraically, over a characteristic length which is independent of its initial velocity, and much larger than both the healing length and the 1D scattering length of the system. We also determine the characteristic decay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bilas
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques, Université Paris Sud, bât. 100, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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21
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Kapitula T, Kevrekidis PG. Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of a magnetic trap and optical lattice. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2005; 15:37114. [PMID: 16253009 DOI: 10.1063/1.1993867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we consider solutions of a nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a parabolic and a periodic potential motivated from the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates. Our starting point is the corresponding linear problem which we analyze through regular perturbation and homogenization techniques. We then use Lyapunov-Schmidt theory to establish the persistence and bifurcation of the linear states in the presence of attractive and repulsive nonlinear inter-particle interactions. Stability of such solutions is also examined and a count is given of the potential real, complex and imaginary eigenvalues with negative Krein signature that such solutions may possess. The results are corroborated with numerical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Kapitula
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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22
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Wildermuth S, Hofferberth S, Lesanovsky I, Haller E, Andersson LM, Groth S, Bar-Joseph I, Krüger P, Schmiedmayer J. Bose-Einstein condensates: microscopic magnetic-field imaging. Nature 2005; 435:440. [PMID: 15917796 DOI: 10.1038/435440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Today's magnetic-field sensors are not capable of making measurements with both high spatial resolution and good field sensitivity. For example, magnetic force microscopy allows the investigation of magnetic structures with a spatial resolution in the nanometre range, but with low sensitivity, whereas SQUIDs and atomic magnetometers enable extremely sensitive magnetic-field measurements to be made, but at low resolution. Here we use one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates in a microscopic field-imaging technique that combines high spatial resolution (within 3 micrometres) with high field sensitivity (300 picotesla).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wildermuth
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Wang YJ, Anderson DZ, Bright VM, Cornell EA, Diot Q, Kishimoto T, Prentiss M, Saravanan RA, Segal SR, Wu S. Atom Michelson interferometer on a chip using a Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:090405. [PMID: 15783948 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.090405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An atom Michelson interferometer is implemented on an "atom chip." The chip uses lithographically patterned conductors and external magnetic fields to produce and guide a Bose-Einstein condensate. Splitting, reflecting, and recombining of condensate atoms are achieved by a standing-wave light field having a wave vector aligned along the atom waveguide. A differential phase shift between the two arms of the interferometer is introduced by either a magnetic-field gradient or with an initial condensate velocity. Interference contrast is still observable at 20% with an atom propagation time of 10 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, and JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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24
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Shin Y, Saba M, Vengalattore M, Pasquini TA, Sanner C, Leanhardt AE, Prentiss M, Pritchard DE, Ketterle W. Dynamical instability of a doubly quantized vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:160406. [PMID: 15524962 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.160406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Doubly quantized vortices were topologically imprinted in /F=1> 23Na condensates, and their time evolution was observed using a tomographic imaging technique. The decay into two singly quantized vortices was characterized and attributed to dynamical instability. The time scale of the splitting process was found to be longer at higher atom density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shin
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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25
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Lahaye T, Vogels JM, Günter KJ, Wang Z, Dalibard J, Guéry-Odelin D. Realization of a magnetically guided atomic beam in the collisional regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:093003. [PMID: 15447096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.093003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the realization of a magnetically guided beam of cold rubidium atoms, with a flux of 7 x 10(9) atoms/s, a temperature of 400 microK, and a mean velocity of 1 m/s. The rate of elastic collisions within the beam is sufficient to ensure thermalization. We show that the evaporation induced by a radio-frequency wave leads to appreciable cooling and an increase in the phase space density. We discuss the perspectives to reach the quantum degenerate regime using evaporative cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lahaye
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris 05, France
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26
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Zabow G, Conroy RS, Prentiss MG. Coherent matter-wave manipulation in the diabatic limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:180404. [PMID: 15169474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.180404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Guided systems for coherent matter waves are expected to offer substantial improvements over unguided systems, but adiabatic coupler proposals have proven difficult to realize. We outline instead considerations for a coherence-preserving diabatic approach enabling filters, couplers, and interferometers that can accept multimode guide inputs of up to magneto-optical-trap temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zabow
- Center for Ultracold Atoms, Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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27
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Kreutzmann H, Poulsen UV, Lewenstein M, Dumke R, Ertmer W, Birkl G, Sanpera A. Coherence properties of guided-atom interferometers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:163201. [PMID: 15169227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed theoretical investigation of the coherence properties of beam splitters and Mach-Zehnder interferometers for guided neutral atoms. We show that such a setup permits coherent wave packet splitting and leads to the appearance of interference fringes for both single-mode and thermal input states, evidencing thus the robustness of the interferometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kreutzmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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28
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Wang DW, Lukin MD, Demler E. Disordered Bose-Einstein condensates in quasi-one-dimensional magnetic microtraps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:076802. [PMID: 14995876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.076802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the effects of a random magnetic potential in a microfabricated waveguide for ultracold atoms. We find that the shape and position fluctuations of a current carrying wire induce a strong Gaussian correlated random potential with a length scale set by the atom-wire separation. The theory is used to explain quantitatively the observed fragmentation of the Bose-Einstein condensates in atomic waveguides. Furthermore, we show that nonlinear dynamics can be used to provide important insights into the nature of the strongly fragmented condensates. We argue that a quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the insulating Bose glass phase may be reached and detected under the realistic experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daw-Wei Wang
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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29
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Shin Y, Saba M, Pasquini TA, Ketterle W, Pritchard DE, Leanhardt AE. Atom interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:050405. [PMID: 14995291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A trapped-atom interferometer was demonstrated using gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates coherently split by deforming an optical single-well potential into a double-well potential. The relative phase between the two condensates was determined from the spatial phase of the matter wave interference pattern formed upon releasing the condensates from the separated potential wells. Coherent phase evolution was observed for condensates held separated by 13 microm for up to 5 ms and was controlled by applying ac Stark shift potentials to either of the two separated condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shin
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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30
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Lin YJ, Teper I, Chin C, Vuletić V. Impact of the Casimir-Polder potential and Johnson noise on Bose-Einstein condensate stability near surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:050404. [PMID: 14995290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the stability of magnetically trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and thermal clouds near the transition temperature at small distances 0.5 microm< or =d< or =10 microm from a microfabricated silicon chip. For a 2 microm thick copper film, the trap lifetime is limited by Johnson noise induced currents and falls below 1 s at a distance of 4 microm. A dielectric surface does not adversely affect the sample until the attractive Casimir-Polder potential significantly reduces the trap depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ju Lin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
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31
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Krüger P, Luo X, Klein MW, Brugger K, Haase A, Wildermuth S, Groth S, Bar-Joseph I, Folman R, Schmiedmayer J. Trapping and manipulating neutral atoms with electrostatic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:233201. [PMID: 14683179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on experiments with cold thermal (7)Li atoms confined in combined magnetic and electric potentials. A novel type of three-dimensional trap was formed by modulating a magnetic guide using electrostatic fields. We observed atoms trapped in a string of up to six individual such traps, a controlled transport of an atomic cloud over a distance of 400 microm, and a dynamic splitting of a single trap into a double well potential. Applications for quantum information processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krüger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Jones MPA, Vale CJ, Sahagun D, Hall BV, Hinds EA. Spin coupling between cold atoms and the thermal fluctuations of a metal surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:080401. [PMID: 14525224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2003] [Revised: 06/09/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe an experiment in which Bose-Einstein condensates and cold atom clouds are held by a microscopic magnetic trap near a room-temperature metal wire 500 microm in diameter. The lifetime for atoms to remain in the microtrap is measured over a range of distances down to 27 microm from the surface of the metal. We observe the loss of atoms from the microtrap due to spin flips. These are induced by radio-frequency thermal fluctuations of the magnetic field near the surface, as predicted but not previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P A Jones
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
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33
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Ott H, Fortágh J, Kraft S, Günther A, Komma D, Zimmermann C. Nonlinear dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a magnetic waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:040402. [PMID: 12906647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the internal and external dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an anharmonic magnetic waveguide. An oscillating condensate experiences a strong coupling between the center of mass motion and the internal collective modes. Because of the anharmonicity of the magnetic potential, not only the center of mass motion shows harmonic frequency generation, but also the internal dynamics exhibit nonlinear frequency mixing. Thereby, the condensate shows shape oscillations with an extremely large change in the aspect ratio of up to a factor of 10. We describe the data with a theoretical model to high accuracy. For strong excitations we test the experimental data for indications of a chaotic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ott
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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34
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Jørgensen S, Kosloff R. Two-pulse atomic coherent control spectroscopy of Eley–Rideal reactions: An application of an atom laser. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1576383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Das KK. Bose-Fermi mixtures in one dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:170403. [PMID: 12786057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.170403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the phase stability and the response of a mixture of bosons and spin-polarized fermions in one dimension (1D). Unlike in 3D, phase separation happens for low fermion densities. The dynamics of the mixture at low energy is independent of the spin-statistics of the components, and the modes are essentially undamped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal K Das
- Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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36
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Leanhardt AE, Shin Y, Kielpinski D, Pritchard DE, Ketterle W. Coreless vortex formation in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:140403. [PMID: 12731900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.140403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coreless vortices were phase imprinted in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. The three-component order parameter of F=1 sodium condensates held in a Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic trap was manipulated by adiabatically reducing the magnetic bias field along the trap axis to zero. This distributed the condensate population across its three spin states and created a spin texture. Each spin state acquired a different phase winding which caused the spin components to separate radially.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Leanhardt
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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37
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Kasper A, Schneider S, Hagen CV, Bartenstein M, Engeser B, Schumm T, Bar-Joseph I, Folman R, Feenstra L, Schmiedmayer J. A Bose Einstein condensate in a microtrap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4266/5/2/372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Mølmer K. Jaynes-Cummings dynamics with a matter wave oscillator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:110403. [PMID: 12688919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose to subject two Bose-Einstein condensates to a periodic potential, so that one condensate undergoes the Mott-insulator transition to a state with precisely one atom per lattice site. We show that photoassociation of heteronuclear molecules within each lattice site is described by the quantum optical Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. In analogy with studies of this Hamiltonian with cavity fields and trapped ions, we are thus able to engineer quantum optical states of atomic matter wave fields and we are able to reconstruct these states by quantum state tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Mølmer
- QUANTOP, Danish National Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark
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39
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Leanhardt AE, Shin Y, Chikkatur AP, Kielpinski D, Ketterle W, Pritchard DE. Bose-Einstein condensates near a microfabricated surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:100404. [PMID: 12688985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically and optically confined Bose-Einstein condensates were studied near a microfabricated surface. Condensate fragmentation observed in microfabricated magnetic traps was not observed in optical dipole traps at the same location. The measured condensate lifetime was >or=20 s and independent of the atom-surface separation under both magnetic and optical confinement. Radio-frequency spin-flip transitions driven by technical noise were directly observed for optically confined condensates and could limit the condensate lifetime in microfabricated magnetic traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Leanhardt
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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40
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Dumke R, Müther T, Volk M, Ertmer W, Birkl G. Interferometer-type structures for guided atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:220402. [PMID: 12485053 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.220402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate interferometer-type guiding structures for neutral atoms based on dipole potentials created by microfabricated optical systems. As a central element we use an array of atom waveguides being formed by focusing a red-detuned laser beam with an array of cylindrical microlenses. Combining two of these arrays, we realize X-shaped beam splitters and more complex systems like the geometries for Mach-Zehnder and Michelson-type interferometers for atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dumke
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, Germany
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41
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Abstract
The past decade has seen dramatic progress in our ability to manipulate and coherently control the motion of atoms. This progress has both fundamental and applied importance. On the one hand, recent experiments are providing new perspectives for the study of quantum phase transitions and highly entangled quantum states. On the other hand, this exquisite control offers the prospect of a new generation of force sensors of unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Kasevich
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA
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42
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Leanhardt AE, Görlitz A, Chikkatur AP, Kielpinski D, Shin Y, Pritchard DE, Ketterle W. Imprinting vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate using topological phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:190403. [PMID: 12443104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.190403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Vortices were imprinted in a Bose-Einstein condensate using topological phases. Sodium condensates held in a Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic trap were transformed from a nonrotating state to one with quantized circulation by adiabatically inverting the magnetic bias field along the trap axis. Using surface wave spectroscopy, the axial angular momentum per particle of the vortex states was found to be consistent with 2 variant Planck's over 2pi or 4 variant Planck's over 2pi, depending on the hyperfine state of the condensate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Leanhardt
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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