1
|
Saeed M, Shabbir A. Coherent control of photonic band gaps through the relative phase using modified superradiance lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8160-8171. [PMID: 38439480 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We report photonic band gaps based on a modified superradiance lattice having reflectivity close to 100% for both the low and high-frequency ranges. We observe that tuning the relative phase between the coupling fields provides additional control over photonic band gaps. We notice that the relative phase can control three input channels of the probe field simultaneously and efficiently. This feature of relative phase over photonic band gaps provides potential in the field of quantum optics. Further, this scheme is experimentally more viable. Rubidium atoms 87Rb can obtain low-frequency (infrared) photonic band gaps. On the other hand, rubidium atoms 85Rb and beryllium ions Be2+ can form high-frequency ultraviolet and soft X-ray photonic band gaps, achieving reflectivities of 80% and 96%, respectively. This scheme holds promise for constructing highly efficient optical switches and beam splitters.
Collapse
|
2
|
Peters T, Wang TP, Neumann A, Simeonov LS, Halfmann T. Single-photon-level narrowband memory in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5340-5354. [PMID: 32121757 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An experimental platform operating at the level of individual quanta and providing strong light-matter coupling is a key requirement for quantum information processing. In our work, we show that hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers filled with laser-cooled atoms might serve as such a platform, despite their typical complicated birefringence properties. To this end, we present a detailed theoretical and experimental study to identify a fiber with suitable properties to achieve operation at the single-photon level. In the fiber, we demonstrate the storage and on-demand retrieval as well as the creation of stationary light pulses, based on electromagnetically induced transparency, for weak coherent light pulses down to the single-photon level with an unconditional noise floor of 0.017(4) photons per pulse. These results clearly demonstrate the prospects of such a fiber-based platform for applications in quantum information networks.
Collapse
|
3
|
Naeimi AA, Darabi E, Mortezapour A, Naeimi G. Phase-controlled electromagnetically induced symmetric and asymmetric grating in an asymmetric three-coupled quantum well. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:9662-9669. [PMID: 31873566 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fraunhofer light diffraction of a weak probe field passing through an asymmetric three-coupled quantum well, which is driven by a standing wave and two coupling laser fields, is investigated. Depending on which transitions are coupled by the probe and standing field, two schemes are considered. It is demonstrated that owing to the closed-loop transition, optical properties and the diffraction pattern of the probe field in both schemes are highly affected by the relative phase of the applied fields and can be controlled by this parameter. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed schemes have multifunction capabilities. In the first scheme, as a result of varying relative phase, the electromagnetically induced absorption phase grating turns to the electromagnetically induced gain phase grating with remarkable efficiency, while in the latter scheme, a significant result is revealed: Tuning the relative phase can lead to inducing optical parity-time symmetry, which gives rise to an asymmetric diffraction grating. Such an all-optical phase-sensitive operation could be useful in optical switching and optical communications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Qiu TH, Li H, Xie M, Liu Q, Ma HY. Coherent generation and manipulation of entangled stationary photons based on a multiple degrees of freedom quantum memory. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:27477-27487. [PMID: 31684513 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.027477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantum memory, each subsystem of which is comprised of two double M-type systems of cold atoms, for the first generation of entangled stationary photons (ESPs). Through the active operation of two pairs of counter-propagating controlling fields in time, the reversible transfer of entanglement between photons and atomic ensembles is realized, and the ESPs can be created due to the tight coupling and balanced competition between the corresponding retrieved signal photons. The reduced density matrix in the photon-polarization basis, which provides the lower bound for any purported entanglement, is constructed for discussing the dynamics evolution of the entanglement in terms of the concurrence. We show that the present scheme can be employed for the entangled photons encoded in degrees of freedom (DOFs) of polarization and orbital angular momentum. Such a multiple DOFs dependent scheme, with many benefits over that in a single one, could pave the way toward quantum nonlinear optics without a cavity and could greatly enhance the tunability and capacity for the quantum information processing.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian SC, Wan RG, Wang LJ, Shu SL, Lu HY, Zhang X, Tong CZ, Feng JL, Xiao M, Wang LJ. Asymmetric light diffraction of two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating with PT symmetry in asymmetric double quantum wells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:32918-32930. [PMID: 30645452 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.032918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric double semiconductor quantum well is proposed to realize two-dimensional parity-time (PT) symmetry and an electromagnetically induced grating. In such a nontrivial grating with PT symmetry, the incident probe photons can be diffracted to selected angles depending on the spatial relationship of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index. Such results are due to the interference mechanism between the amplitude and phase of the grating and can be manipulated by the probe detuning, modulation amplitudes of the standing wave fields, and interaction length of the medium. Such a system may lead to new approaches of observing PT-symmetry-related phenomena and has potential applications in photoelectric devices requiring asymmetric light transport using semiconductor quantum wells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen L, Wang P, Meng Z, Huang L, Cai H, Wang DW, Zhu SY, Zhang J. Experimental Observation of One-Dimensional Superradiance Lattices in Ultracold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:193601. [PMID: 29799222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We measure the superradiant emission in a one-dimensional (1D) superradiance lattice (SL) in ultracold atoms. Resonantly excited to a superradiant state, the atoms are further coupled to other collectively excited states, which form a 1D SL. The directional emission of one of the superradiant excited states in the 1D SL is measured. The emission spectra depend on the band structure, which can be controlled by the frequency and intensity of the coupling laser fields. This work provides a platform for investigating the collective Lamb shift of resonantly excited superradiant states in Bose-Einstein condensates and paves the way for realizing higher dimensional superradiance lattices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iakoupov I, Borregaard J, Sørensen AS. Controlled-phase Gate for Photons Based on Stationary Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:010502. [PMID: 29350945 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to induce strong effective interactions between photons mediated by an atomic ensemble. To achieve this, we use the so-called stationary light effect to enhance the interaction. Regardless of the single-atom coupling to light, the interaction strength between the photons can be enhanced by increasing the total number of atoms. For sufficiently many atoms, the setup can be viable as a controlled-phase gate for photons. We derive analytical expressions for the fidelities for two modes of gate operation: deterministic and heralded conditioned on the presence of two photons at the output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Iakoupov
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Johannes Borregaard
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Anders S Sørensen
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu YM, Gao F, Fan CH, Wu JH. Asymmetric light diffraction of an atomic grating with PT symmetry. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4283-4286. [PMID: 29088143 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold atoms trapped in one-dimensional optical lattices and driven to the four-level N configuration are exploited for achieving an electromagnetically induced grating with parity-time-symmetry. This nontrivial grating exhibits unidirectional diffraction patterns, e.g., with incident probe photons diffracted into either negative or positive angles, depending on the sign relation between spatially modulated absorption and dispersion coefficients. Such asymmetric light diffraction is a result of the out-of-phase interplay of amplitude and phase modulations of transmission function and can be easily tuned via optical depth, probe detuning, pump Rabi frequencies, etc.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lahad O, Firstenberg O. Induced Cavities for Photonic Quantum Gates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:113601. [PMID: 28949230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective cavities can be optically induced in atomic media and employed to strengthen optical nonlinearities. Here we study the integration of induced cavities with a photonic quantum gate based on Rydberg blockade. Accounting for loss in the atomic medium, we calculate the corresponding finesse and gate infidelity. Our analysis shows that the conventional limits imposed by the blockade optical depth are mitigated by the induced cavity in long media, thus establishing the total optical depth of the medium as a complementary resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ohr Lahad
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ofer Firstenberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen YY, Liu ZZ, Wan RG. Beam splitter and router via an incoherent pump-assisted electromagnetically induced blazed grating. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:5736-5744. [PMID: 29047718 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.005736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for a beam splitter and a beam router via an electromagnetically induced blazed grating in a four-level double-Λ system driven by an intensity-modulated coupling field and an incoherent pump field. The blazed grating relies on the incoherent pump process, which helps in inducing large refractivity with suppressed absorption or even gain. Consequently, the weak probe beam can be effectively deflected with high diffraction efficiency, and, meanwhile, its energy is amplified. When using an intensity mask with two symmetric domains in the coupling field, the presented blazed grating provides the possibility of a symmetric beam splitter. The diffraction efficiency and diffraction order of the gratings are sensitive to the intensity of the coupling field, and, thus, the gratings can function as a tunable asymmetric beam splitter or a beam router, which distributes the probe field into different spatial directions. Therefore, the proposed scheme may have potential applications in optical communication and networking.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sheng J, Wang J, Miri MA, Christodoulides DN, Xiao M. Observation of discrete diffraction patterns in an optically induced lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:19777-19782. [PMID: 26367635 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.019777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally observed the discrete diffraction of light in a coherently prepared multi-level atomic medium. This is achieved by launching a probe beam into an optical lattice induced from the interference of two coupling beams. The diffraction pattern can be controlled through the atomic parameters such as two-photon detuning and temperature, as well as orientations of the coupling and probe beams. Clear diffraction patterns occur only near the two-photon resonance.
Collapse
|
12
|
Artoni M, La Rocca GC, Ferrari G. Quasi-periodic Wannier–Stark ladders from driven atomic Bloch oscillations. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2014.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic Wannier–Stark ladder structures of the energy resonances associated with Bloch oscillations can be readily modified into quasi-periodic ones that exhibit peculiar self-similar effects. A compact theoretical description of the dynamics of driven Bloch oscillations is developed here within the quasi-momentum representation. We identify a rather viable scheme based on ultracold atomic wavepackets subject to gravity in a driven optical lattice potential where a self-similar scaling could be observed. Its feasibility in terms of realistic experimental parameters is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Artoni
- Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Firenze, Italy
| | | | - G. Ferrari
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Firenze, Italy
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Trento University, 38123 Povo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arkhipkin VG, Myslivets SA. Raman-induced gratings in atomic media. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:3223-3226. [PMID: 24876018 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of electromagnetically induced gratings based on the Raman nonlinearity in the field of standing pump waves are proposed. Unlike electromagnetically induced absorption gratings, these gratings are based on the spatial modulation of Raman susceptibility. We present a theoretical study of the optical response of such a spatial periodically modulated three-level atomic medium. It is shown that transmission and reflection of a probe Raman wave can be simultaneously amplified in the grating. Transmission and reflection spectra can be controlled by varying the pump field intensity. The basic mechanism responsible for all-optical control of transmission and reflection in the samples of Raman driven atoms are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Wu Z, Yao X, Zhang Z, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Controlling multi-wave mixing signals via photonic band gap of electromagnetically induced absorption grating in atomic media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:29338-29349. [PMID: 24514487 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.029338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate dressed multi-wave mixing (MWM) and the reflection of the probe beam due to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) grating can coexist in a five-level atomic ensemble. The reflection is derived from the photonic band gap (PBG) of EIA grating, which is much broader than the PBG of EIT grating. Therefore, EIA-type PBG can reflect more energy from probe than EIT-type PBG does, which can effectively affect the MWM signal. The EIA-type as well as EIT-type PBG can be controlled by multiple parameters including the frequency detunings, propagation angles and powers of the involved light fields. Also, the EIA-type PBG by considering both the linear and third-order nonlinear refractive indices is also investigated. The theoretical analysis agrees well with the experimental results. This investigation has potential applications in all-optical communication and information processing.
Collapse
|
15
|
Otterbach J, Moos M, Muth D, Fleischhauer M. Wigner crystallization of single photons in cold Rydberg ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:113001. [PMID: 24074081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of weak light fields to Rydberg states of atoms under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency leads to the formation of Rydberg polaritons which are quasiparticles with tunable effective mass and nonlocal interactions. Confined to one spatial dimension their low energy physics is that of a moving-frame Luttinger liquid which, due to the nonlocal character of the repulsive interaction, can form a Wigner crystal of individual photons. We calculate the Luttinger K parameter using density-matrix renormalization group simulations and find that under typical slow-light conditions kinetic energy contributions are too strong for crystal formation. However, adiabatically increasing the polariton mass by turning a light pulse into stationary spin excitations allows us to generate true crystalline order over a finite length. The dynamics of this process and asymptotic correlations are analyzed in terms of a time-dependent Luttinger theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Otterbach
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138 Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li RB, Deng L, Hagley EW. Fast, all-optical, zero to π continuously controllable Kerr phase gate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:113902. [PMID: 25166537 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a fast Kerr phase gate in a room-temperature (85)Rb vapor using a Raman gain method where the probe wave travels "superluminally". Continuously variable, zero to π radian nonlinear Kerr phase shifts of the probe wave relative to a reference wave have been observed at 333 K. We show rapid manipulation of digitally encoded probe waves using a digitally encoded phase-control light field, demonstrating the capability of the system in information science and telecommunication applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Li
- Physics Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - L Deng
- Physics Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - E W Hagley
- Physics Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang DW, Zhou HT, Guo MJ, Zhang JX, Evers J, Zhu SY. Optical diode made from a moving photonic crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:093901. [PMID: 23496710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.093901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical diodes controlling the flow of light are of principal significance for optical information processing. They transmit light from an input to an output, but not in the reverse direction. This breaking of time reversal symmetry is conventionally achieved via Faraday or nonlinear effects. For applications in a quantum network, features such as the abilities of all-optical control, on-chip integration, and single-photon operation are important. Here we propose an all-optical optical diode which requires neither magnetic fields nor strong input fields. It is based on a "moving" photonic crystal generated in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency medium in which the refractive index of a weak probe is modulated by the moving periodic intensity of a strong standing coupling field with two detuned counterpropagating components. Because of the Doppler effect, the frequency range of the crystal's band gap for the probe copropagating with the moving crystal is shifted from that for the counterpropagating probe. This mechanism is experimentally demonstrated in a room temperature Cs vapor cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sakhnenko N, Nerukh A. Rigorous analysis of whispering gallery mode frequency conversion because of time variation of refractive index in a spherical resonator. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2012; 29:99-104. [PMID: 22218356 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.29.000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the switching effects for the whispering gallery modes in a spherical dielectric resonator when its material is subject to abrupt time change in permittivity. A rigorous analytical approach is used to study the transformation process. Details of both the transient response and the steady-state regime are described.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Yu R. Single-plasmon scattering grating using nanowire surface plasmon coupled to nanodiamond nitrogen-vacancy center. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:20991-21002. [PMID: 21997107 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.020991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the scattering properties of a single surface plasmon in metal nanowire coupled to a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond nanocrystal under optical excitation. We demonstrate that, by spatially modulating a classical control beam, alternating regions of high reflection and absorption as well as high transmission and absorption of a single plasmon can be created in the left- and right-going directions that act as a kind of scattering grating. Such approach to induce grating gets out the well investigating region in which the weak interactions between single atoms and light is often used. The proposal may be used for chip-integrated grating, switcher and multi-channel drop filter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Xue Y, Wang G, Cui CL, Wang R, Wu JH. Steady optical spectra and light propagation dynamics in cold atomic samples with homogeneous or inhomogeneous densities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:2111-2119. [PMID: 21369028 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.002111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study both steady and dynamic optical responses of three samples with the same amounts of cold atoms but very different density functions. These samples are driven into the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency by a probe and a coupling in the Lambda configuration. When the coupling is in the traveling-wave pattern, all samples have the same transmission spectra and therefore identical transmitted pulses at the sample exits. In the case of a standing-wave coupling, however, very different reflection and transmission spectra are found for the three samples. Accordingly, reflected pulses at the sample entrances and transmitted pulses at the sample exits are quite sensitive to the spatial inhomogeneity of cold atoms. These interesting phenomena are qualitatively analyzed in terms of constructive and destructive interference between forward and backward probe photons scattered by a standing-wave atomic grating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cui CL, Wu JH, Gao JW, Zhang Y, Ba N. Double photonic bandgaps dynamically induced in a tripod system of cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:4538-4546. [PMID: 20389466 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.004538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A tripod atomic system driven by two standing-wave fields (a coupling and a driving) is explored to generate tunable double photonic bandgaps in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. Both photonic bandgaps depend critically on frequency detunings, spatial periodicities, and initial phases of the two standing-wave fields. When the coupling and driving detunings are very close, a small fluctuation of one standing-wave field may demolish both photonic bandgaps. If the two detunings are greatly different, however, each standing-wave field determines only one photonic bandgap in a less sensitive way. Dynamic generation and elimination of a pair of photonic bandgaps shown here may be exploited toward the end of simultaneous manipulation of two weak light signals even at the single-photon level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Li Cui
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bae IH, Moon HS, Kim MK, Lee L, Kim JB. Transformation of electromagnetically induced transparency into enhanced absorption with a standing-wave coupling field in an Rb vapor cell. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:1389-1397. [PMID: 20173966 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present the transformation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into narrow enhanced absorption with an on-resonant standing-wave coupling field in the 5S(1/2)-5P(1/2) transition of the Lambda-type system of (87)Rb atoms. When a coupling laser field was changed from a travelling-wave to a standing-wave that was made by adding a counter-propagating L(C) laser, the transmittance spectrum of the L(P) laser transformed the typical EIT into dramatically enhanced absorption, and a Bragg reflection signal was generated by the periodic modulation of atomic absorption. The reflected probe laser corresponding to a Bragg reflection was measured to be approximately 11.5% of the power of the incident probe laser. We analyzed the enhanced absorption signal and Bragg reflection spectrum as a function of the power and frequency detuning of the coupling laser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Bae
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Otterbach J, Unanyan RG, Fleischhauer M. Confining stationary light: dirac dynamics and klein tunneling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:063602. [PMID: 19257588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the properties of 1D stationary pulses of light in an atomic ensemble with electromagnetically induced transparency in the limit of tight spatial confinement. When the size of the wave packet becomes comparable or smaller than the absorption length of the medium, it must be described by a two-component vector which obeys the one-dimensional two-component Dirac equation with an effective mass m;{*} and effective speed of light c;{*}. Then a fundamental lower limit to the spatial width in an external potential arises from Klein tunneling and is given by the effective Compton length lambda_{C}=variant Planck's over 2pi/(m;{*}c;{*}). Since c;{*} and m;{*} can be externally controlled and can be made small, it is possible to observe effects of the relativistic dispersion for rather low energies or correspondingly on macroscopic length scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Otterbach
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bae IH, Moon HS, Kim MK, Lee L, Kim JB. Electromagnetically induced Bragg reflection with a stationary coupling field in a buffer rubidium vapor cell. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:4849-4855. [PMID: 18806841 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.004849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An electromagnetically induced Bragg reflection with a stationary coupling field in an Rb vapor cell with a 6.67 kPa neon buffer gas was studied. When the coupling field was spatially modulated as a stationary wave, a transmission reduction of the probe field was observed, while simultaneously a reflected probe field was detected in the backward direction. Instead of absorbing a fraction of the probe laser in the Rb vapor, the modulated electromagnetically induced transparency medium reflected it, corresponding to a Bragg reflection. The spectrum in the 5S(1/2)-5P(1/2)Lambda-type system of (87)Rb atoms was investigated as a function of the coupling laser frequency detuning, the stationary coupling laser power, the vapor cell temperature, and the coupling laser power ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Bae
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang C, Cheng J, Han S. Electromagnetically induced self-imaging in the Doppler broadening medium. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:4864-4867. [PMID: 18806843 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.004864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency, self-imaging in three-level Lambda-type atoms at normal temperature is studied. The influences of the temperature on the position of the self-imaging and the corresponding imaging quality are discussed in detail. Numerical results show that, with the increase of the temperature, the location of the self-imaging linearly moves away from the original object, and the self-imaging quality decreases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khomeriki R, Leon J. Driving light pulses with light in two-level media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:183601. [PMID: 17995406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A two-level medium, described by the Maxwell-Bloch system, is engraved by establishing a standing cavity wave with a linearly polarized electromagnetic field that drives the medium on both ends. A light pulse, polarized along the other direction, then scatters the medium and couples to the cavity standing wave by means of the population inversion density variations. We demonstrate that control of the applied amplitudes of the grating field allows one to stop the light pulse and to make it move backward (eventually to drive it freely). A simplified limit model of the Maxwell-Bloch system with variable boundary driving is obtained as a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with tunable external potential. It reproduces qualitatively the dynamics of the driven light pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Khomeriki
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules CNRS-IN2P3-UMR5207, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
We study the self-imaging and image-transforming properties of a probe field in a cold atomic medium with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Due to the similarities between the gradient-index medium and the inhomogeneous index distribution of an EIT medium under the conditions of a negative probe detuning and a Gaussian control field, we find based on analytical investigations that there exists a kind of electromagnetically induced self-imaging phenomenon in cold atomic media. Numerical simulations clearly show that electromagnetically induced self-imaging is observable and controllable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Artoni M, La Rocca GC. Optically tunable photonic stop bands in homogeneous absorbing media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:073905. [PMID: 16606093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.073905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Resonantly absorbing media supporting electromagnetically induced transparency may give rise to specific periodic patterns where a light probe is found to experience a fully developed photonic band gap yet with negligible absorption everywhere. In ultracold atomic samples the gap is found to arise from spatial regions where Autler-Townes splitting and electromagnetically induced transparency alternate with one another and detailed calculations show that accurate and efficient coherent optical control of the gap can be accomplished. The remarkable experimental simplicity of the control scheme would ease quantum nonlinear optics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Artoni
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Konoplev IV, McGrane P, He W, Cross AW, Phelps ADR, Whyte CG, Ronald K, Robertson CW. Experimental study of coaxial free-electron maser based on two-dimensional distributed feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:035002. [PMID: 16486716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The first experimental study of a coaxial free-electron maser (FEM) based on two-dimensional (2D) distributed feedback is presented. A new type of cavity formed with coaxial 2D surface photonic band gap structures was used. The FEM was driven by a large diameter (7 cm), high-current (500 A), annular electron beam of energy 475 keV. By tuning the amplitude of the undulator or guide magnetic field, modes associated with the different band gaps of the 2D structures were excited. The -band coaxial FEM generated 15 MW of radiation with a 6% conversion efficiency, in excellent agreement with theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I V Konoplev
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 ONG, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Artoni M, La Rocca G, Bassani F. Resonantly absorbing one-dimensional photonic crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:046604. [PMID: 16383551 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.046604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A compact theoretical description of the effects of dissipation on the propagation of light waves through a multilayer periodic mirror built from resonant absorbing atoms is presented. Depending on the lattice periodicity, ultranarrow photonic gaps, weak polaritonic gaps, as well as rather atypical gap structures may be observed. Because of the atom's absorption line shape Bloch gap modes may acquire quite a cumbersome structure which is thoroughly studied here or which may even disappear when dissipation becomes sufficiently strong. The same approach well applies also to resonantly absorbing photonic crystals based on excitonic resonances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Artoni
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
André A, Bajcsy M, Zibrov AS, Lukin MD. Nonlinear optics with stationary pulses of light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:063902. [PMID: 15783731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.063902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that the recently demonstrated technique for generating stationary pulses of light [M. Bajcsy, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, Nature (London) 426, 638 (2003)] can be extended to localize optical pulses in all three spatial dimensions in a resonant atomic medium. This method can be used to dramatically enhance the nonlinear interaction between weak optical pulses. In particular, we show that an efficient Kerr-like interaction between two pulses can be implemented as a sequence of several purely linear optical processes. The resulting process may enable coherent interactions between single photon pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A André
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kang H, Hernandez G, Zhu Y. Slow-light six-wave mixing at low light intensities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:073601. [PMID: 15324236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of resonant six-wave mixing in coherently prepared Rb atoms. Electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system suppresses the linear susceptibility and enhances the nonlinear susceptibilities, which leads to the resonantly enhanced, slow-photon six-wave mixing at low light intensities. The light emission in the six-wave mixing process can be viewed as resulting from diffraction of slow light off a resonant nonlinear grating induced in the four-level system by a standing-wave pump field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoonsoo Kang
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Bajcsy M, Zibrov AS, Lukin MD. Stationary pulses of light in an atomic medium. Nature 2003; 426:638-41. [PMID: 14668857 DOI: 10.1038/nature02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Physical processes that could facilitate coherent control of light propagation are under active exploration. In addition to their fundamental interest, these efforts are stimulated by practical possibilities, such as the development of a quantum memory for photonic states. Controlled localization and storage of photonic pulses may also allow novel approaches to manipulating of light via enhanced nonlinear optical processes. Recently, electromagnetically induced transparency was used to reduce the group velocity of propagating light pulses and to reversibly map propagating light pulses into stationary spin excitations in atomic media. Here we describe and experimentally demonstrate a technique in which light propagating in a medium of Rb atoms is converted into an excitation with localized, stationary electromagnetic energy, which can be held and released after a controllable interval. Our method creates pulses of light with stationary envelopes bound to an atomic spin coherence, offering new possibilities for photon state manipulation and nonlinear optical processes at low light levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bajcsy
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kang H, Zhu Y. Observation of large Kerr nonlinearity at low light intensities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:093601. [PMID: 14525180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental observation of large Kerr nonlinearity with vanishing linear susceptibilities in coherently prepared four-level rubidium atoms. Quantum coherence and interference manifested by electromagnetically induced transparency suppress the linear susceptibilities and greatly enhance the nonlinear susceptibilities at low light intensities. The measured Kerr nonlinearity is comparable in magnitude to the linear dispersion in a simple two-level system and is several orders of magnitude greater than the Kerr nonlinearity of a conventional three-level scheme under similar conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoonsoo Kang
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|