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Hansen AM, Nguyen KL, Turnbull D, Albright BJ, Follett RK, Huff R, Katz J, Mastrosimone D, Milder AL, Yin L, Palastro JP, Froula DH. Cross-Beam Energy Transfer Saturation by Ion Heating. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:075002. [PMID: 33666470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We measure cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) saturation by ion heating in a gas-jet plasma characterized using Thomson scattering. A wavelength-tunable ultraviolet (UV) probe laser beam interacts with four intense UV pump beams to drive large-amplitude ion-acoustic waves. For the highest-intensity interactions, the power transfer to the probe laser drops, demonstrating ion-acoustic wave saturation. Over this time, the ion temperature is measured to increase by a factor of 7 during the 500-ps interaction. Particle-in-cell simulations show ion trapping and a subsequent ion heating consistent with measurements. Linear kinetic CBET models are found to agree well with the observed energy transfer when the measured plasma conditions are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hansen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K L Nguyen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Huff
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Mastrosimone
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A L Milder
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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2
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Raj G, Hüller S. Impact of Laser Beam Speckle Structure on Crossed Beam Energy Transfer via Beam Deflections and Ponderomotive Self-Focusing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:055002. [PMID: 28211711 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of laser speckle structure (hot spots) and its ponderomotive self-focusing (PSF), in crossed beam energy transfer (CBET), of smoothed laser beams is investigated in an inhomogeneous expanding plasma. Numerical simulations using the code harmony in two spatial dimensions, demonstrate how self-focusing of laser hot spots in crossed beams can significantly affect the transfer of energy from one beam to the other in addition to the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process. It is shown that for sufficiently intense laser beams, when the laser hot spots exceed the criterion for self-focusing in a plasma with flow, the angular spread of transmitted light beams increases considerably with the intensity, which arises in particular, in expanding plasma where significant beam deflection is observed. It is shown for the first time that besides SBS, the contribution of speckle structure, PSF, and deflections of the intense hot spots in multiple speckle beams to CBET, therefore matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raj
- Centre de Physique Théorique (CPHT), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Hüller
- Centre de Physique Théorique (CPHT), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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3
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Turnbull D, Goyon C, Kemp GE, Pollock BB, Mariscal D, Divol L, Ross JS, Patankar S, Moody JD, Michel P. Refractive Index Seen by a Probe Beam Interacting with a Laser-Plasma System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:015001. [PMID: 28106452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first complete set of measurements of a laser-plasma optical system's refractive index, as seen by a second probe laser beam, as a function of the relative wavelength shift between the two laser beams. Both the imaginary and real refractive index components are found to be in good agreement with linear theory using plasma parameters measured by optical Thomson scattering and interferometry; the former is in contrast to previous work and has implications for crossed-beam energy transfer in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion, and the latter is measured for the first time. The data include the first demonstration of a laser-plasma polarizer with 85%-87% extinction for the particular laser and plasma parameters used in this experiment, complementing the existing suite of high-power, tunable, and ultrafast plasma-based photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turnbull
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Goyon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Patankar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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4
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Neuville C, Baccou C, Debayle A, Masson-Laborde PE, Hüller S, Casanova M, Marion D, Loiseau P, Glize K, Labaune C, Depierreux S. Spatial and Transient Effects during the Amplification of a Picosecond Pulse Beam by a Nanosecond Pump. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:145001. [PMID: 27740791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of a picosecond pulse beam by a lower intensity nanosecond pulse beam was experimentally observed in a flowing plasma. Modifications of intensity distributions in beam focal spots due to nonhomogeneous energy transfer and its transient regime were investigated. The mean transferred power reached 57% of the incident power of the nanosecond pulse beam. An imaging diagnostic allowed the intensity profile of the picosecond pulse beam to be determined, bringing to evidence the spatial nonuniformity of energy transfer in the amplified beam. This diagnostic also enabled us to observe the temporal evolution of the speckle intensity distribution because of the transfer. These results are reproduced by numerical simulations of two complementary codes. The method and the observed effects are important for the understanding of experiments with multiple crossing laser beams in plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Baccou
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Université Paris VI, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Debayle
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - S Hüller
- Centre de Physique Théorique, UMR 7644, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | | | - D Marion
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - P Loiseau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - K Glize
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Université Paris VI, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - C Labaune
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Université Paris VI, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
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5
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Romanov DA, Levis RJ. Postionization medium evolution in a laser filament: A uniquely nonplasma response. Phys Rev E 2012; 86:046408. [PMID: 23214701 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.046408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical consideration of the optical response of nascent free electrons in the process of laser filamentation reveals that the initial microscopically inhomogeneous charge distribution causes a transient electromagnetic response of the medium that differs drastically from that of a homogeneous plasma with the same degree of ionization. An analytical model, describing the forced oscillations of virtually isolated and expanding electron clouds, predicts considerable enhancement of these oscillations caused by transient resonance with the laser field. The transient resonance processes should play a role in the currently accepted picture of filament formation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Romanov
- Center for Advanced Photonics Research, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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6
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Froula DH, Igumenshchev IV, Michel DT, Edgell DH, Follett R, Glebov VY, Goncharov VN, Kwiatkowski J, Marshall FJ, Radha PB, Seka W, Sorce C, Stagnitto S, Stoeckl C, Sangster TC. Increasing hydrodynamic efficiency by reducing cross-beam energy transfer in direct-drive-implosion experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:125003. [PMID: 22540590 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.125003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of experiments to determine the optimum laser-beam radius by balancing the reduction of cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) with increased illumination nonuniformities shows that the hydrodynamic efficiency is increased by ∼35%, which leads to a factor of 2.6 increase in the neutron yield when the laser-spot size is reduced by 20%. Over this range, the absorption is measured to increase by 15%, resulting in a 17% increase in the implosion velocity and a 10% earlier bang time. When reducing the ratio of laser-spot size to a target radius below 0.8, the rms amplitudes of the nonuniformities imposed by the smaller laser spots are measured at a convergence ratio of 2.5 to exceed 8 μm and the neutron yield saturates despite increasing absorbed energy, implosion velocity, and decreasing bang time. The results agree well with hydrodynamic simulations that include both nonlocal and CBET models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14636, USA.
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7
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Kirkwood RK, Michel P, London RA, Callahan D, Meezan N, Williams E, Seka W, Suter L, Haynam C, Landen O. Amplification of light in a plasma by stimulated ion acoustic waves driven by multiple crossing pump beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:026402. [PMID: 21929115 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.026402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Experiments demonstrate the amplification of 351 nm laser light in a hot dense plasma similar to those in inertial confinement fusion ignition experiments. A seed beam interacts with one or two counter-propagating pump beams, each with an intensity of 1.2×10(15) W/cm2 at 351 nm, crossing the seed at 24.8° at the position where the flow is Mach 1, allowing resonant stimulation of ion acoustic waves. Results show that the energy and power transferred to the seed are increased with two pumps beyond the level that occurs with a single pump, demonstrating that, under conditions similar to ignition experiments where each beam has a low gain exponent, the total scatter produced by the multiple beams can be significantly larger than that of the individual beams. It is further demonstrated that the amplification is greatly reduced when the pump polarization is orthogonal to the seed, as expected from models of stimulated scatter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Kirkwood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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8
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Glenzer SH, MacGowan BJ, Michel P, Meezan NB, Suter LJ, Dixit SN, Kline JL, Kyrala GA, Bradley DK, Callahan DA, Dewald EL, Divol L, Dzenitis E, Edwards MJ, Hamza AV, Haynam CA, Hinkel DE, Kalantar DH, Kilkenny JD, Landen OL, Lindl JD, LePape S, Moody JD, Nikroo A, Parham T, Schneider MB, Town RPJ, Wegner P, Widmann K, Whitman P, Young BKF, Van Wonterghem B, Atherton LJ, Moses EI. Symmetric Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions at Ultra-High Laser Energies. Science 2010; 327:1228-31. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1185634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - B. J. MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - P. Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - N. B. Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - L. J. Suter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - S. N. Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - J. L. Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - G. A. Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - D. K. Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - D. A. Callahan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - E. L. Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - L. Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - E. Dzenitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - M. J. Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - A. V. Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - C. A. Haynam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - D. E. Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - D. H. Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | | | - O. L. Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - J. D. Lindl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - S. LePape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - J. D. Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - A. Nikroo
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - T. Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - M. B. Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - R. P. J. Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - P. Wegner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - K. Widmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - P. Whitman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - B. K. F. Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - B. Van Wonterghem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - L. J. Atherton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - E. I. Moses
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Post Office Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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9
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Michel P, Divol L, Williams EA, Weber S, Thomas CA, Callahan DA, Haan SW, Salmonson JD, Dixit S, Hinkel DE, Edwards MJ, Macgowan BJ, Lindl JD, Glenzer SH, Suter LJ. Tuning the implosion symmetry of ICF targets via controlled crossed-beam energy transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:025004. [PMID: 19257284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiative hydrodynamics simulations of ignition experiments show that energy transfer between crossing laser beams allows tuning of the implosion symmetry. A new full-scale, three-dimensional quantitative model has been developed for crossed-beam energy transfer, allowing calculations of the propagation and coupling of multiple laser beams and their associated plasma waves in ignition hohlraums. This model has been implemented in a radiative-hydrodynamics code, demonstrating control of the implosion symmetry by a wavelength separation between cones of laser beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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10
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Zhang P, Saleh N, Chen S, Sheng ZM, Umstadter D. Laser-energy transfer and enhancement of plasma waves and electron beams by interfering high-intensity laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:225001. [PMID: 14683245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of interference due to crossed laser beams were studied experimentally in the high-intensity regime. Two ultrashort (400 fs), high-intensity (4 x 10(17) and 1.6 x 10(18) W/cm(2)) and 1 microm wavelength laser pulses were crossed in a plasma of density 4 x 10(19) cm(3). Energy was observed to be transferred from the higher-power to the lower-power pulse, increasing the amplitude of the plasma wave propagating in the direction of the latter. This results in increased electron self-trapping and plasma-wave acceleration gradient, which led to an increased number of hot electrons (by 300%) and hot-electron temperature (by 70%) and a decreased electron-beam divergence angle (by 45%), as compared with single-pulse illumination. Simulations reveal that increased stochastic heating of electrons may have also contributed to the electron-beam enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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