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The High-Order Harmonic Generation from Atom Driven by Co-Rotating Laser Pulses Composed of Fundamental Frequency and High Frequency. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), the harmonic generation process of atoms irradiated by corotating laser pulses composed of a fundamental-frequency and high-frequency field is systematically studied. Compared with the harmonic generated from atoms irradiated by counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser pulses, the harmonic efficiency of atoms irradiated by co-rotating two-color circularly polarized (CRTCCP) laser pulses with the same laser parameters is higher. The harmonics are generated by the multiphoton radiation transition after the bound electrons undergo a multiphoton absorption transition to a higher energy level. In addition, the variation of the harmonic efficiency with the field strength of different frequency components in the driving laser pulse is also studied. The circularly polarized harmonics with higher intensity can be obtained by optimizing the field strength of the driving laser field.
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Soft X-ray Laser Microscopy of Lipid Rafts towards GPCR-Based Drug Discovery Using Time-Resolved FRET Spectroscopy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4053801 DOI: 10.3390/ph4030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many signaling molecules involved in G protein-mediated signal transduction, which are present in the lipid rafts and believed to be controlled spatially and temporally, influence the potency and efficacy of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. This has focus interest on lipid rafts and the notion that these microdomains acts as a kind of signaling platform and thus have an important role in the expression of membrane receptor-mediated signal transduction, cancer, immune responses, neurotransmission, viral infections and various other phenomena due to specific and efficient signaling according to extracellular stimuli. However, the real structure of lipid rafts has not been observed so far due to its small size and a lack of sufficiently sophisticated observation systems. A soft X-ray microscope using a coherent soft X-ray laser in the water window region (2.3–4.4 nm) should prove to be a most powerful tool to observe the dynamic structure of lipid rafts of several tens of nanometers in size in living cells. We have developed for the X-ray microscope a new compact soft X-ray laser using strongly induced plasma high harmonic resonance. We have also developed a time-resolved highly sensitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system and confirmed protein-protein interactions coupled with ligands. The simultaneous use of these new tools for observation of localization of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in rafts has become an important and optimum tool system to analyze the dynamics of signal transduction through rafts as signaling platform. New technology to visualize rafts is expected to lead to the understanding of those dynamics and innovative development of drug discovery that targets GPCRs localized in lipid rafts.
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Kawachi T, Hasegawa N, Nishikino M, Ochi Y, Sasaki A. Observation of a plasma waveguide in a preformed plasma pumped by double-pulse laser irradiation for the efficient soft x-ray amplification. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:635-637. [PMID: 19252576 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A molybdenum slab target was irradiated by double pulses of a line-focused chirped-pulse-amplification Nd:glass laser. A probe beam was injected in the plasma in the longitudinal direction, and we found that the probe beam was guided in the plasma with the plasma length of up to 4.3 mm at the time of 0.8-1.5 ns after the peak of the second pulse. Comparison with hydrodynamics code implied that the electron-density dip or flat region was formed, which was favorable for the efficient soft x-ray lasing under the coupling of the seed x-ray and the x-ray amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawachi
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energency Agency, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan.
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Ochi Y, Hasegawa N, Kawachi T, Nagashima K. Development of a chirped pulse amplification laser with zigzag slab Nd:glass amplifiers dedicated to x-ray laser research. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:1500-6. [PMID: 17334442 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A chirped pulse amplification laser with zigzag slab Nd:glass amplifiers dedicated to x-ray laser research is described. The laser provides a 1.6 ps duration pulse with approximately 7 J energy at a repetition rate of 0.1 Hz. In the power amplifier system, laser light is amplified in a two-step manner: The first step is image-relayed multipass amplification up to approximately 1 J with a 10 mm x 10 mm beam. The second step is double-pass amplification up to >10 J with a 10 mm x 90 mm beam. By using this laser system, the saturated amplification of the Ni-like Ag laser at a wavelength of 13.9 nm has been successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ochi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan.
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Weith A, Larotonda MA, Wang Y, Luther BM, Alessi D, Marconi MC, Rocca JJ, Dunn J. Continuous high-repetition-rate operation of collisional soft-x-ray lasers with solid targets. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1994-6. [PMID: 16770410 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We have generated a laser average output power of 2 microW at a wavelength of 13.9 nm by operating a tabletop laser-pumped Ni-like Ag laser at a 5 Hz repetition rate, using a solid helicoidal target that is continuously rotated and advanced to renew the target surface between shots. More than 2 x 10(4) soft-x-ray laser shots were obtained by using a single target. Similar results were obtained at 13.2 nm in Ni-like Cd with a Cd-coated target. This scheme will allow uninterrupted operation of laser-pumped tabletop collisional soft-x-ray lasers at a repetition rate of 10 Hz for a period of hours, enabling the generation of continuous high average soft-x-ray powers for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weith
- NSF Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Tecnology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Chou MC, Lin PH, Tsai HE, Chen DL, Lee CH, Lin JY, Wang J, Chen SY. Characterization and control of plasma density distribution for the development of solid-target x-ray lasers. Phys Rev E 2005; 72:026407. [PMID: 16196718 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.026407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
By using deflectometry of a longitudinal probe pulse and reflective interferometry of a transverse probe pulse to resolve the spatiotemporal distribution of the preformed plasma, we characterize and control the plasma density distribution near the target surface for the development of solid-target x-ray lasers. We show that the use of prepulses in an ignitor-heater scheme can increase the scale length of the preformed plasma and how the effect varies with target materials. Many important issues crucial to x-ray lasing such as electron density distribution, electron temperature, and the optimal timing between pumping pulses can be resolved with these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Chou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Rocca JJ, Wang Y, Larotonda MA, Luther BM, Berrill M, Alessi D. Saturated 13.2 nm high-repetition-rate laser in nickellike cadmium. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:2581-3. [PMID: 16208906 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report gain-saturated operation of a 13.2 nm table-top laser in Ni-like Cd at a 5 Hz repetition rate. A gain-length product G x L = 17.6 was obtained by heating a precreated plasma with 8 ps duration Ti:sapphire laser pulses with an energy of only 1 J impinging at a grazing angle of 23 degrees. With an average power of approximately 1 muW [corrected] this laser is an attractive coherent source for at-wavelength metrology of extreme UV lithography optics and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rocca
- National Science Foundation ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Tümmler J, Janulewicz KA, Priebe G, Nickles PV. 10-Hz grazing--incidence pumped Ni-like Mo x-ray laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:037401. [PMID: 16241626 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The operation of a Ni-like Mo x-ray laser at 18.9 nm with a repetition rate of 10 Hz has been demonstrated. The laser has been pumped applying the grazing incidence pump arrangement, where a short (picoseconds) pulse irradiates a Mo plasma column generated by a long (a few hundred picoseconds) pulse. The delayed short pulse is incident at a grazing angle on the plasma to heat it efficiently. We used a total energy of less than 450 mJ ( 150 mJ in the long and 250-300 mJ in the short pulse) in a line focus of 7 mm by 50 microm .
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tümmler
- Max Born Institute Berlin, Max-Born-Str. 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Keenan R, Dunn J, Patel PK, Price DF, Smith RF, Shlyaptsev VN. High-repetition-rate grazing-incidence pumped x-ray laser operating at 18.9 nm. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:103901. [PMID: 15783486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated a 10 Hz Ni-like Mo x-ray laser operating at 18.9 nm with 150 mJ total pump energy by employing a novel pumping scheme. The grazing-incidence scheme is described, where a picosecond pulse is incident at a grazing angle to a Mo plasma column produced by a slab target irradiated by a 200 ps laser pulse. This scheme uses refraction of the short pulse at a predetermined electron density to increase absorption to pump a specific gain region. The higher coupling efficiency inherent to this scheme allows a reduction in the pump energy where 70 mJ long pulse energy and 80 mJ short pulse energy are sufficient to produce lasing at a 10 Hz repetition rate. Under these conditions and by optimizing the delay between the pulses, we achieve strong amplification and close to saturation for 4 mm long targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Keenan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Luther BM, Wang Y, Larotonda MA, Alessi D, Berrill M, Marconi MC, Rocca JJ, Shlyaptsev VN. Saturated high-repetition-rate 18.9-nm tabletop laser in nickellike molybdenum. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:165-167. [PMID: 15675701 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report saturated operation of an 18.9-nm laser at 5-Hz repetition rate. An amplification with a gain-length product GL of 15.5 is obtained in the 4d 1S0-4p 1P1 laser line of Ni-like Mo in plasmas heated at grazing incidence with approximately 1-J pulses of 8.1-ps duration from a tabletop laser system. Lasing is obtained over a broad range of time delays and pumping conditions. We also measure a GL of 13.5 in the 22.6-nm transition of the same ion. The results are of interest for numerous applications requiring high-repetition-rate lasers at wavelengths below 20 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Luther
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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Tommasini R, Eidmann K, Kawachi T, Fill EE. Preplasma conditions for operation of 10-Hz subjoule femtosecond-laser-pumped nickel-likex-ray lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:066404. [PMID: 15244742 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.066404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of electron densities of plasmas with femtosecond (fs) temporal resolution. The plasmas are generated by laser pulses with different intensities at different time delays. Such plasmas are of great interest as preplasmas for transient, collisionally excited x-ray lasers. The laser pulses producing the plasmas are generated by stretching part of a 130-fs laser pulse of the ATLAS titanium-sapphire laser of our institute and focusing this radiation to a line on molybdenum and silver slab targets. The electron density is measured as a function of distance from the target by interferometry using a Wollaston prism. Using an ultrashort probe pulse allows one to obtain data extremely close, about 10 microm, to the target surface. Experimental data are compared with simulations using the MULTI hydrocode. The results allow comparison of the ablation from a hard (Mo) and a soft (Ag) material, optimization of prepulse-main pulse delay times, and selection of the best pump geometry allowing for propagation of the pump and x-ray beams. These points are key elements for the development of a high-repetition-rate soft-x-ray laser.
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Ganeev RA, Kanai T, Ishizawa A, Ozaki T, Kuroda H. Development and applications of a compact hybrid tabletop terawatt chirped-pulse amplification Ti:sapphire-Nd:glass laser for x-ray lasing and harmonic generation. APPLIED OPTICS 2004; 43:1396-1403. [PMID: 15008546 DOI: 10.1364/ao.43.001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid tabletop (2 m x 3 m) terawatt chirped-pulse amplification Ti:sapphire-Nd:glass laser (1054 nm, 475 fs, 500 mJ, 9 x 10(17) W cm(-2)) has been developed for laser-matter experiments. An overall gain factor of 10(10) was achieved for the laser. The results of laser applications in the studies of soft-x-ray Ni-like Mo 18.9-nm lasing and of harmonic generation from solid surfaces are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid A Ganeev
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
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Butler A, Gonsalves AJ, McKenna CM, Spence DJ, Hooker SM, Sebban S, Mocek T, Bettaibi I, Cros B. Demonstration of a collisionally excited optical-field-ionization XUV laser driven in a plasma waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:205001. [PMID: 14683367 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first demonstration of a collisionally excited optical-field-ionization laser driven within a waveguide. Lasing on the 4d(9)5d-4d(9)5p transition at 41.8 nm in Xe8+ was observed to be closely correlated to conditions under which the pump laser pulses were guided well by a gas-filled capillary discharge waveguide. Simulations of the propagation of the pump laser radiation show that gain was achieved over essentially the whole 30 mm length of the waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Butler
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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