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Casimir-Polder Interaction of an Atom with a Cavity Wall Made of Phase-Change Material out of Thermal Equilibrium. ATOMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the out-of-thermal-equilibrium Casimir-Polder interaction between atoms of He*, Na, Cs, and Rb and a cavity wall made of sapphire coated with a vanadium dioxide film which undergoes the dielectric-to-metal phase transition with increasing wall temperature. Numerical computations of the Casimir-Polder force and its gradient as the functions of atom-wall separation and wall temperature are made when the latter exceeds the temperature of the environment. The obtained results are compared with those in experiment on measuring the gradient of the Casimir-Polder force between 87Rb atoms and a silica glass wall out of thermal equilibrium. It is shown that the use of phase-change wall material significantly increases the force magnitude and especially the force gradient, as opposed to the case of a dielectric wall.
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Long Y, Wang W, Zhang X, Yang H, Zheng T. Dynamical Casimir-Polder force on a two-level atom with superposition state in a cavity comprising a dielectric. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11998. [PMID: 32686700 PMCID: PMC7371634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the dynamical Casimir-Polder force on a two-level atom with different initial states in the one-dimensional dielectric cavity with output coupling, and obtain the analytical expression of the expectation value of dynamical Casimir-Polder force. Results show that the expectation values of dynamical Casimir-Polder force may be affected by the initial states of the atom. Moreover, the expectation value of Casimir-Polder force may vanish at some special atomic positions by properly selecting the initial state of the system. The effects of different relative dielectric constants and the cavity size on the expectation value of Casimir-Polder force are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Long
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory for UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory for UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory for UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Taiyu Zheng
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory for UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Compact chip-scale guided cold atom gyrometers for inertial navigation: Enabling technologies and design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5120348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bordag M, Klimchitskaya GL, Mostepanenko VM. Nonperturbative theory of atom-surface interaction: corrections at short separations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:055003. [PMID: 29286287 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa46e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nonperturbative expressions for the free energy and force of interaction between a ground-state atom and a real-material surface at any temperature are presented. The transition to the Matsubara representation is performed, whereupon the comparison is made with the commonly used perturbative results based on the standard Lifshitz theory. It is shown that the Lifshitz formulas for the free energy and force of an atom-surface interaction follow from the nonperturbative ones in the lowest order of the small parameter. Numerical computations of the free energy and force for the atoms of He[Formula: see text] and Na interacting with a surface of an Au plate have been performed using the frequency-dependent dielectric permittivity of Au and highly accurate dynamic atomic polarizabilities in the framework of both the nonperturbative and perturbative theories. According to our results, the maximum deviations between the two theories are reached at the shortest atom-surface separations of about 1 nm. Simple analytic expressions for the atom-surface free energy are derived in the classical limit and for an ideal-metal plane. In the lowest order of the small parameter, they are found in agreement with the perturbative ones following from the standard Lifshitz theory. Possible applications of the obtained results in the theory of van der Waals adsorption are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bordag
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leipzig University, Postfach 100920, D-04009, Leipzig, Germany
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Croucher T, Bedkihal S, Vaccaro JA. Discrete Fluctuations in Memory Erasure without Energy Cost. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:060602. [PMID: 28234546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to Landauer's principle, erasing one bit of information incurs a minimum energy cost. Recently, Vaccaro and Barnett (VB) explored information erasure within the context of generalized Gibbs ensembles and demonstrated that for energy-degenerate spin reservoirs the cost of erasure can be solely in terms of a minimum amount of spin angular momentum and no energy. As opposed to the Landauer case, the cost of erasure in this case is associated with an intrinsically discrete degree of freedom. Here we study the discrete fluctuations in this cost and the probability of violation of the VB bound. We also obtain a Jarzynski-like equality for the VB erasure protocol. We find that the fluctuations below the VB bound are exponentially suppressed at a far greater rate and more tightly than for an equivalent Jarzynski expression for VB erasure. We expose a trade-off between the size of the fluctuations and the cost of erasure. We find that the discrete nature of the fluctuations is pronounced in the regime where reservoir spins are maximally polarized. We also state the first laws of thermodynamics corresponding to the conservation of spin angular momentum for this particular erasure protocol. Our work will be important for novel heat engines based on information erasure schemes that do not incur an energy cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Croucher
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Salil Bedkihal
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Joan A Vaccaro
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Terças H, Ribeiro S, Mendonça JT. Quasi-polaritons in Bose-Einstein condensates induced by Casimir-Polder interaction with graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:214011. [PMID: 25966318 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/21/214011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider the mechanical coupling between a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate and a graphene sheet via the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field which are at the origin of the so-called Casimir-Polder potential. By deriving a self-consistent set of equations governing the dynamics of the condensate and the flexural (out-of-plane) modes of the graphene, we can show the formation of a new type of purely acoustic quasi-particle excitation, a quasi-polariton resulting from the coherent superposition of quanta of flexural and Bogoliubov modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Terças
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France. Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Smith DA, Aigner S, Hofferberth S, Gring M, Andersson M, Wildermuth S, Krüger P, Schneider S, Schumm T, Schmiedmayer J. Absorption imaging of ultracold atoms on atom chips. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:8471-8485. [PMID: 21643097 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.008471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Imaging ultracold atomic gases close to surfaces is an important tool for the detailed analysis of experiments carried out using atom chips. We describe the critical factors that need be considered, especially when the imaging beam is purposely reflected from the surface. In particular we present methods to measure the atom-surface distance, which is a prerequisite for magnetic field imaging and studies of atom surface-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Smith
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Machluf S, Coslovsky J, Petrov PG, Japha Y, Folman R. Coupling between internal spin dynamics and external degrees of freedom in the presence of colored noise. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:203002. [PMID: 21231226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.203002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We observe asymmetric transition rates between Zeeman levels (spin flips) of magnetically trapped atoms. The asymmetry strongly depends on the spectral shape of an applied noise. This effect follows from the interplay between the internal states of the atoms and their external degrees of freedom, where different trapped levels experience different potentials. Such insight may prove useful for controlling atomic states by the introduction of noise, as well as provide a better understanding of the effect of noise on the coherent operation of quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Machluf
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
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Skipetrov SE, Minguzzi A, van Tiggelen BA, Shapiro B. Anderson localization of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a 3D random potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:165301. [PMID: 18518212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.165301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of Anderson localization on the expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate, released from a harmonic trap, in a 3D random potential. We use scaling arguments and the self-consistent theory of localization to show that the long-time behavior of the condensate density is controlled by a single parameter equal to the ratio of the mobility edge and the chemical potential of the condensate. We find that the two critical exponents of the localization transition determine the evolution of the condensate density in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Skipetrov
- Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Physique et Modélisation des Mileux Condensés, CNRS, 25 Rue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble, France
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Trebbia JB, Garrido Alzar CL, Cornelussen R, Westbrook CI, Bouchoule I. Roughness suppression via rapid current modulation on an Atom chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:263201. [PMID: 17678087 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.263201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to suppress the roughness of the potential of a wire-based, magnetic atom guide: modulating the wire current at a few tens of kHz, the potential roughness, which is proportional to the wire current, averages to zero. Using ultracold 87Rb clouds, we show experimentally that modulation reduces the roughness by at least a factor five without measurable heating or atom loss. This roughness suppression results in a dramatic reduction of the damping of center-of-mass oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Trebbia
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Campus Polytechnique, RD128, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
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12
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Fischbein MD, Drndić M. Sub-10 nm device fabrication in a transmission electron microscope. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:1329-37. [PMID: 17439186 DOI: 10.1021/nl0703626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that a high-resolution transmission electron microscope can be used to fabricate metal nanostructures and devices on insulating membranes by nanosculpting metal films. Fabricated devices include nanogaps, nanodiscs, nanorings, nanochannels, and nanowires with tailored curvatures and multi-terminal nanogap devices with nanoislands or nanoholes between the terminals. The high resolution, geometrical flexibility, and yield make this fabrication method attractive for many applications including nanoelectronics and nanofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Fischbein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Kishimoto T, Hachisu H, Fujiki J, Nagato K, Yasuda M, Katori H. Electrodynamic trapping of spinless neutral atoms with an atom chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:123001. [PMID: 16605900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional electrodynamic trapping of neutral atoms has been demonstrated. By applying time-varying inhomogeneous electric fields with micron-sized electrodes, nearly 10(2) strontium atoms in the 1S0 state have been trapped with a lifetime of 80 ms. In order to design the electrodes, we numerically analyzed the electric field and simulated atomic trajectories in the trap, which showed reasonable agreement with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kishimoto
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Nohadani O, Wessel S, Haas S. Bose-glass phases in disordered quantum magnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:227201. [PMID: 16384258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.227201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In disordered spin systems with antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange, transitions into and out of a magnetic-field-induced ordered phase pass through unique regimes. Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations to study the zero-temperature behavior, these intermediate regions are determined to be Bose-glass phases. The localization of field-induced triplons causes a finite compressibility and, hence, glassiness in the disordered phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Nohadani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, USA
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Lye JE, Fallani L, Modugno M, Wiersma DS, Fort C, Inguscio M. Bose-Einstein condensate in a random potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:070401. [PMID: 16196765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.070401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An optical speckle potential is used to investigate the static and dynamic properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of disorder. With small levels of disorder, stripes are observed in the expanded density profile and strong damping of dipole and quadrupole oscillations is seen. Uncorrelated frequency shifts of the two modes are measured and are explained using a sum-rules approach and by the numerical solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lye
- LENS, Dipartimento di Fisica, and INFM Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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16
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Wang YJ, Anderson DZ, Bright VM, Cornell EA, Diot Q, Kishimoto T, Prentiss M, Saravanan RA, Segal SR, Wu S. Atom Michelson interferometer on a chip using a Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:090405. [PMID: 15783948 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.090405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An atom Michelson interferometer is implemented on an "atom chip." The chip uses lithographically patterned conductors and external magnetic fields to produce and guide a Bose-Einstein condensate. Splitting, reflecting, and recombining of condensate atoms are achieved by a standing-wave light field having a wave vector aligned along the atom waveguide. A differential phase shift between the two arms of the interferometer is introduced by either a magnetic-field gradient or with an initial condensate velocity. Interference contrast is still observable at 20% with an atom propagation time of 10 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, and JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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Wang DW, Lukin MD, Demler E. Disordered Bose-Einstein condensates in quasi-one-dimensional magnetic microtraps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:076802. [PMID: 14995876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.076802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the effects of a random magnetic potential in a microfabricated waveguide for ultracold atoms. We find that the shape and position fluctuations of a current carrying wire induce a strong Gaussian correlated random potential with a length scale set by the atom-wire separation. The theory is used to explain quantitatively the observed fragmentation of the Bose-Einstein condensates in atomic waveguides. Furthermore, we show that nonlinear dynamics can be used to provide important insights into the nature of the strongly fragmented condensates. We argue that a quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the insulating Bose glass phase may be reached and detected under the realistic experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daw-Wei Wang
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Lin YJ, Teper I, Chin C, Vuletić V. Impact of the Casimir-Polder potential and Johnson noise on Bose-Einstein condensate stability near surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:050404. [PMID: 14995290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the stability of magnetically trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and thermal clouds near the transition temperature at small distances 0.5 microm< or =d< or =10 microm from a microfabricated silicon chip. For a 2 microm thick copper film, the trap lifetime is limited by Johnson noise induced currents and falls below 1 s at a distance of 4 microm. A dielectric surface does not adversely affect the sample until the attractive Casimir-Polder potential significantly reduces the trap depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ju Lin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
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Krüger P, Luo X, Klein MW, Brugger K, Haase A, Wildermuth S, Groth S, Bar-Joseph I, Folman R, Schmiedmayer J. Trapping and manipulating neutral atoms with electrostatic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:233201. [PMID: 14683179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on experiments with cold thermal (7)Li atoms confined in combined magnetic and electric potentials. A novel type of three-dimensional trap was formed by modulating a magnetic guide using electrostatic fields. We observed atoms trapped in a string of up to six individual such traps, a controlled transport of an atomic cloud over a distance of 400 microm, and a dynamic splitting of a single trap into a double well potential. Applications for quantum information processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krüger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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