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Zhang M, Meng Q, Zhang D, Wang Y, Wang G, Ma Z, Chen L, Liu TY. Complex-valued neural-operator-assisted soliton identification. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:025305. [PMID: 37723802 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.025305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The numerical determination of solitary states is an important topic for such research areas as Bose-Einstein condensates, nonlinear optics, plasma physics, and so on. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach for identifying solitons based on dynamical solutions of real-time differential equations. Our approach combines a machine-learning architecture called the complex-valued neural operator (CNO) with an energy-restricted gradient optimization. The CNO serves as a generalization of the traditional neural operator to the complex domain, and constructs a smooth mapping between the initial and final states; the energy-restricted optimization facilitates the search for solitons by constraining the energy space. We concretely demonstrate this approach on the quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with homogeneous and inhomogeneous nonlinearities. Our work offers an idea for data-driven effective modeling and studies of solitary waves in nonlinear physical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Microsoft Research, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Deng Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Microsoft Research, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Xu D, Chen Z, Huang G. Ultraslow weak-light solitons and their storage and retrieval in a kagome-structured hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:19094-19111. [PMID: 29041103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.019094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the formation and propagation of ultraslow weak-light solitons and their memory in the atomic gas filled in a kagome-structured hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that, due to the strong light-atom coupling contributed by the transverse confinement of the HC-PCF, the EIT and hence the optical Kerr nonlinearity of the system can be largely enhanced, and hence optical solitons with very short formation distance, ultraslow propagation velocity, and extremely low generation power can be realized. We also show that the optical solitons obtained can not only be robust during propagation, but also be stored and retrieved with high efficiency through the switching off and on of a control laser field. The results reported herein are promising for practical applications of all-optical information processing and transmission via the ultraslow weak-light solitons and the kagome-structured HC-PCF.
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Sheng J, Wang J, Miri MA, Christodoulides DN, Xiao M. Observation of discrete diffraction patterns in an optically induced lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:19777-19782. [PMID: 26367635 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.019777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally observed the discrete diffraction of light in a coherently prepared multi-level atomic medium. This is achieved by launching a probe beam into an optical lattice induced from the interference of two coupling beams. The diffraction pattern can be controlled through the atomic parameters such as two-photon detuning and temperature, as well as orientations of the coupling and probe beams. Clear diffraction patterns occur only near the two-photon resonance.
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Katzir I, Ron A, Firstenberg O. Diffraction manipulation by four-wave mixing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:6379-6391. [PMID: 25836858 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.006379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We suggest a scheme to manipulate paraxial diffraction by utilizing the dependency of a four-wave mixing process on the relative angle between the light fields. A microscopic model for four-wave mixing in a Λ-type level structure is introduced and compared to recent experimental data. We show that images with feature size as low as 10 μm can propagate with very little or even negative diffraction. The mechanism is completely different from that conserving the shape of spatial solitons in nonlinear media, as here diffraction is suppressed for arbitrary spatial profiles. At the same time, the gain inherent to the nonlinear process prevents loss and allows for operating at high optical depths. Our scheme does not rely on atomic motion and is thus applicable to both gaseous and solid media.
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Khadka U, Sheng J, Xiao M. Spatial domain interactions between ultraweak optical beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:223601. [PMID: 24329446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have observed spatial interactions between two ultraweak optical beams that are initially collinear and nonoverlapping. The weak beams are steered towards each other by a spatially varying cross-Kerr refractive index waveguide written by a strong laser beam in a three-level coherently prepared atomic medium. After fusing together, the combined beam shows controllable phase-dependent behaviors. This is the first observation of solitonlike interactions between weak beams and can be useful for all-optically tunable beam combining, switching, and gating for weak photonic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsab Khadka
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Jiteng Sheng
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA and Department of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Qi Y, Niu Y, Xiang Y, Jin S, Gong S. Control of resonant weak-light solitons via a periodic modulated control field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:016602. [PMID: 20866750 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.016602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate propagation and control of weak-light spatial solitons in a resonant three-level atomic system with a periodic modulated control field. It is shown that the periodic modulation acts like periodic potential which resists the propagation of the soliton in transverse direction. The soliton could be trapped by the periodic potential in the input channel. When the modulation is canceled, the soliton propagates in its initial incident direction. The periodic modulation of control field could be used to control the propagation of the weak-light probe soliton. Due to the good localization efficiency of the periodic potential, an excellent switching is realized for the probe soliton. These properties may have potential applications in all-optical switching, optical information processing and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Firstenberg O, Shuker M, Davidson N, Ron A. Elimination of the diffraction of arbitrary images imprinted on slow light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:043601. [PMID: 19257416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a scheme for eliminating the optical diffraction of slow light in a thermal atomic medium of electromagnetically induced transparency. Nondiffraction is achieved for an arbitrary paraxial image by manipulating the susceptibility in momentum space, in contrast to the common approach, which employs guidance of specific modes by manipulating the susceptibility in real space. For negative two-photon detuning, the moving atoms drag the transverse momentum components unequally, resulting in a Doppler trapping of light by atoms in two dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Firstenberg
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Hang C, Huang G, Deng L. Stable high-dimensional spatial weak-light solitons in a resonant three-state atomic system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 74:046601. [PMID: 17155186 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.046601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the formation of a nonlinear localized high-dimensional optical beam in a lifetime-broadened three-state atomic system. We show that stable high-dimensional spatial optical solitons with extremely weak-light intensity can occur in such a highly resonant medium through a mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency. We demonstrate that the interaction between two high-dimensional spatial optical solitons displays interesting properties and these solitons can be easily controlled by manipulating the coupling optical field of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hang
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Michinel H, Paz-Alonso MJ, Pérez-García VM. Turning light into a liquid via atomic coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:023903. [PMID: 16486577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.023903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We study a four-level atomic system with electromagnetically induced transparency with giant chi(3) and chi(5) susceptibilities of opposite signs. This system will allow us to obtain multidimensional solitons and light condensates with surface tension properties analogous to those of usual liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Michinel
- Area de Optica, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, Ourense, 32004 Spain
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Friedler I, Kurizki G, Cohen O, Segev M. Spatial Thirring-type solitons via electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:3374-6. [PMID: 16389836 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.003374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We show that the giant Kerr nonlinearity in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency in vapor can give rise to the formation of Thirring-type spatial solitons, which are supported solely by cross-phase modulation that couples the two copropagating light beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Friedler
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Cheng J, Han S, Yan Y. Nonlinear propagation of ultraslow pulses in media with electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:2638-40. [PMID: 16208925 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.002638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear behavior of a probe pulse propagating in a medium with electromagnetically induced transparency is studied both numerically and analytically. A new type of nonlinear wave equation is proposed in which the noninstantaneous response of nonlinear polarization is treated properly. The resulting nonlinear behavior of the propagating probe pulse is shown to be fundamentally different from that predicted by the simple nonlinear Schrödinger-like wave equation that considers only instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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