1
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Quéméner G, Bohn JL, Croft JFE. Electroassociation of Ultracold Dipolar Molecules into Tetramer Field-Linked States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:043402. [PMID: 37566851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of electric or microwave fields can modify the long-range forces between ultracold dipolar molecules in such a way as to engineer weakly bound states of molecule pairs. These so-called field-linked states [A. V. Avdeenkov and J. L. Bohn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 043006 (2003).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.90.043006; L. Lassablière and G. Quéméner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 163402 (2018).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.121.163402], in which the separation between the two bound molecules can be orders of magnitude larger than the molecules themselves, have been observed as resonances in scattering experiments [X.-Y. Chen et al., Nature (London) 614, 59 (2023).NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-022-05651-8]. Here, we propose to use them as tools for the assembly of weakly bound tetramer molecules, by means of ramping an electric field, the electric-field analog of magnetoassociation in atoms. This ability would present new possibilities for constructing ultracold polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goulven Quéméner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - John L Bohn
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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2
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Hammond A, Lavoine L, Bourdel T. Tunable Three-Body Interactions in Driven Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:083401. [PMID: 35275683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.083401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate the appearance of an effective attractive three-body interaction in coherently driven two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. It originates from the spinor degree of freedom that is affected by a two-body mean-field shift of the driven transition frequency. Importantly, its strength can be controlled with the Rabi-coupling strength and it does not come with additional losses. In the experiment, the three-body interactions are adjusted to play a predominant role in the equation of state of a cigar-shaped trapped condensate. This is confirmed through two striking observations: a downshift of the radial breathing mode frequency and the radial collapses for positive values of the dressed-state scattering length.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hammond
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Lavoine
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Bourdel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
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3
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Liu X, Li JIA, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hone J, Halperin BI, Kim P, Dean CR. Crossover between strongly coupled and weakly coupled exciton superfluids. Science 2022; 375:205-209. [PMID: 35025642 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In fermionic systems, superconductivity and superfluidity occur through the condensation of fermion pairs. The nature of this condensate can be tuned by varying the pairing strength, which is challenging in electronic systems. We studied graphene double layers separated by an atomically thin insulator. Under applied magnetic field, electrons and holes couple across the barrier to form bound magneto-excitons whose pairing strength can be continuously tuned by varying the effective layer separation. Using temperature-dependent Coulomb drag and counterflow current measurements, we were able to tune the magneto-exciton condensate through the entire phase diagram from weak to strong coupling. Our results establish magneto-exciton condensates in graphene as a model platform to study the crossover between two bosonic quantum condensate phases in a solid-state system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J I A Li
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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4
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Kurz N, Fischer D, Pfeifer T, Dorn A. Reaction microscope for investigating ionization dynamics of weakly bound alkali dimers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:123202. [PMID: 34972432 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the implementation of a far-off-resonant, optical dipole force trap in a reaction microscope combined with a magneto-optical trap. Kinematically complete multi-photon ionization experiments were performed on optically trapped 6Li atoms and photo-associated 6Li2 molecules in their highest vibrational state. The apparatus allows us to distinguish different ionization mechanisms related to the presence of the IR field of the optical dipole trap that can occur during ionization of 6Li and 6Li2 in strong fields. In a series of proof-of-principle experiments, we detect weakly bound dimers via three-photon ionization with femtosecond pulses (τ = 30 fs) at a central wavelength of 780 nm and measure directly the momenta of the photoelectrons in coincidence with recoil ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kurz
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Fischer
- Physics Department and LAMOR, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Dorn
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Margalit Y, Lu YK, Top FÇ, Ketterle W. Pauli blocking of light scattering in degenerate fermions. Science 2021; 374:976-979. [PMID: 34793214 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi6153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Margalit
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Kun Lu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Furkan Çağrı Top
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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Schwartz I, Shimazaki Y, Kuhlenkamp C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kroner M, Imamoğlu A. Electrically tunable Feshbach resonances in twisted bilayer semiconductors. Science 2021; 374:336-340. [PMID: 34648319 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Schwartz
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Physics Department and Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuya Shimazaki
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Clemens Kuhlenkamp
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Martin Kroner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ataç Imamoğlu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Hachmann M, Kiefer Y, Riebesehl J, Eichberger R, Hemmerich A. Quantum Degenerate Fermi Gas in an Orbital Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:033201. [PMID: 34328765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.033201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-polarized samples and spin mixtures of quantum degenerate fermionic atoms are prepared in selected excited Bloch bands of an optical checkerboard square lattice. For the spin-polarized case, extreme band lifetimes above 10 s are observed, reflecting the suppression of collisions by Pauli's exclusion principle. For spin mixtures, lifetimes are reduced by an order of magnitude by two-body collisions between different spin components, but still remarkably large values of about 1 s are found. By analyzing momentum spectra, we can directly observe the orbital character of the optical lattice. The observations demonstrated here form the basis for exploring the physics of Fermi gases with two paired spin components in orbital optical lattices, including the regime of unitarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hachmann
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Kiefer
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Riebesehl
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Eichberger
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Hemmerich
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Grémaud B, Batrouni GG. Pairing and Pair Superfluid Density in One-Dimensional Two-Species Fermionic and Bosonic Hubbard Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:025301. [PMID: 34296933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.025301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We use unbiased computational methods to elucidate the onset and properties of pair superfluidity in two-species fermionic and bosonic systems with onsite interspecies attraction loaded in a uniform, i.e., with no confining potential, one-dimensional optical lattice. We compare results from quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), emphasizing the one-to-one correspondence between the Drude weight tensor, calculated with DMRG, and the various winding numbers extracted from the QMC. Our results show that, for any nonvanishing attractive interaction, pairs form and are the sole contributors to superfluidity; there are no individual contributions due to the separate species. For weak attraction, the pair size diverges exponentially, i.e., Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) pairing, requiring huge systems to bring out the pair-only nature of the superfluid. This crucial property is largely overlooked in many studies, thereby misinterpreting the origin and nature of the superfluid. We compare and contrast this with the repulsive case and show that the behavior is very different, contradicting previous claims about drag superfluidity and the symmetry of properties for attractive and repulsive interactions. Finally, our results show that the situation is similar for soft-core bosons: superfluidity is due only to pairs, even for the smallest attractive interaction strength compatible with the largest system sizes that we could attain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grémaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, IPhU, AMUtech, Marseille, France
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - G G Batrouni
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
- Université Côte d'Azur, INPHYNI, CNRS, 06103 Nice, France
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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9
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Abstract
We review the study of the superfluid phase transition in a system of fermions whose interaction can be tuned continuously along the crossover from Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) superconducting phase to a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), also in the presence of a spin–orbit coupling. Below a critical temperature the system is characterized by an order parameter. Generally a mean field approximation cannot reproduce the correct behavior of the critical temperature Tc over the whole crossover. We analyze the crucial role of quantum fluctuations beyond the mean-field approach useful to find Tc along the crossover in the presence of a spin–orbit coupling, within a path integral approach. A formal and detailed derivation for the set of equations useful to derive Tc is performed in the presence of Rashba, Dresselhaus and Zeeman couplings. In particular in the case of only Rashba coupling, for which the spin–orbit effects are more relevant, the two-body bound state exists for any value of the interaction, namely in the full crossover. As a result the effective masses of the emerging bosonic excitations are finite also in the BCS regime.
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10
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Wang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Liu W, Hu J, Ma J, Xiao L, Jia S. Hybrid evaporative cooling of 133Cs atoms to Bose-Einstein condensation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13960-13967. [PMID: 33985122 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of 133Cs atoms offers an appealing platform for studying the many-body physics of interacting Bose quantum gases, owing to the rich Feshbach resonances that can be readily achieved in the low magnetic field region. However, it is notoriously difficult to cool 133Cs atoms to their quantum degeneracy. Here we report a hybrid evaporative cooling of 133Cs atoms to BEC. Our approach relies on a combination of the magnetically tunable evaporation with the optical evaporation of atoms in a magnetically levitated optical dipole trap overlapping with a dimple trap. The magnetic field gradient is reduced for the magnetically tunable evaporation. The subsequent optical evaporation is performed by lowering the depth of the dimple trap. We study the dependence of the peak phase space density (PSD) and temperature on the number of atoms during the evaporation process, as well as how the PSD and atom number vary with the trap depth. The results are in excellent agreement with the equation model for evaporative cooling.
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11
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Hurst HM, Guo S, Spielman IB. Feedback induced magnetic phases in binary Bose-Einstein condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 2020; 2:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.043325. [PMID: 34476407 PMCID: PMC8409225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.043325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Weak measurement in tandem with real-time feedback control is a new route toward engineering novel nonequilibrium quantum matter. Here we develop a theoretical toolbox for quantum feedback control of multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) using backaction-limited weak measurements in conjunction with spatially resolved feedback. Feedback in the form of a single-particle potential can introduce effective interactions that enter into the stochastic equation governing system dynamics. The effective interactions are tunable and can be made analogous to Feshbach resonances-spin independent and spin dependent-but without changing atomic scattering parameters. Feedback cooling prevents runaway heating due to measurement backaction and we present an analytical model to explain its effectiveness. We showcase our toolbox by studying a two-component BEC using a stochastic mean-field theory, where feedback induces a phase transition between easy-axis ferromagnet and spin-disordered paramagnet phases. We present the steady-state phase diagram as a function of intrinsic and effective spin-dependent interaction strengths. Our result demonstrates that closed-loop quantum control of Bose-Einstein condensates is a powerful tool for quantum engineering in cold-atom systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M Hurst
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
| | - Shangjie Guo
- Joint Quantum Institute and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I B Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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12
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Jahromi SS, Orús R. Thermal bosons in 3d optical lattices via tensor networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19051. [PMID: 33149156 PMCID: PMC7642398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are one of the most promising experimental setups to simulate strongly correlated systems. However, efficient numerical algorithms able to benchmark experiments at low-temperatures in interesting 3d lattices are lacking. To this aim, here we introduce an efficient tensor network algorithm to accurately simulate thermal states of local Hamiltonians in any infinite lattice, and in any dimension. We apply the method to simulate thermal bosons in optical lattices. In particular, we study the physics of the (soft-core and hard-core) Bose–Hubbard model on the infinite pyrochlore and cubic lattices with unprecedented accuracy. Our technique is therefore an ideal tool to benchmark realistic and interesting optical-lattice experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed S Jahromi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Román Orús
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain. .,Multiverse Computing, Paseo de Miramón 170, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
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13
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Madeira L, García-Orozco AD, dos Santos FEA, Bagnato VS. Entropy of a Turbulent Bose-Einstein Condensate. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22090956. [PMID: 33286725 PMCID: PMC7597245 DOI: 10.3390/e22090956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantum turbulence deals with the phenomenon of turbulence in quantum fluids, such as superfluid helium and trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Although much progress has been made in understanding quantum turbulence, several fundamental questions remain to be answered. In this work, we investigated the entropy of a trapped BEC in several regimes, including equilibrium, small excitations, the onset of turbulence, and a turbulent state. We considered the time evolution when the system is perturbed and let to evolve after the external excitation is turned off. We derived an expression for the entropy consistent with the accessible experimental data, which is, using the assumption that the momentum distribution is well-known. We related the excitation amplitude to different stages of the perturbed system, and we found distinct features of the entropy in each of them. In particular, we observed a sudden increase in the entropy following the establishment of a particle cascade. We argue that entropy and related quantities can be used to investigate and characterize quantum turbulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Madeira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil; (A.D.G.-O.); (V.S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Arnol Daniel García-Orozco
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil; (A.D.G.-O.); (V.S.B.)
| | | | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil; (A.D.G.-O.); (V.S.B.)
- Hagler Fellow, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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14
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Lee DS, Lin CY, Rivers RJ. Large phonon time-of-flight fluctuations in expanding flat condensates of cold Fermi gases. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:435101. [PMID: 32634797 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aba388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We reexamine how quantum density fluctuations in condensates of ultra-cold Fermi gases lead to fluctuations in phonon times-of-flight, an effect that increases as density is reduced. We suggest that these effects should be measurable in pancake-like (two-dimensional) condensates on their release from their confining optical traps, providing their initial (width/thickness) aspect ratio is suitably large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Shin Lee
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hua-Lien, Taiwan 974, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yong Lin
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hua-Lien, Taiwan 974, Republic of China
| | - Ray J Rivers
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
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15
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Eisele M, Maier RAW, Zimmermann C. Fast In Situ Observation of Atomic Feshbach Resonances by Photoassociative Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:123401. [PMID: 32281845 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose and experimentally investigate a scheme for observing Feshbach resonances in atomic quantum gases in situ and with a high temporal resolution of several tens of nanoseconds. The method is based on the detection of molecular ions, which are optically generated from atom pairs at small interatomic distances. As a test system we use a standard rubidium gas (^{87}Rb) with well known magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances. The fast speed and the high sensitivity of our detection scheme allows us to observe a complete Feshbach resonance within one millisecond and without destroying the gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eisele
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R A W Maier
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Zimmermann
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Thomas R, Kjærgaard N. A digital feedback controller for stabilizing large electric currents to the ppm level for Feshbach resonance studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:034705. [PMID: 32260003 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Feshbach resonances are a key tool in the field of ultracold quantum gases, but their full exploitation requires the generation of large, stable magnetic fields up to 1000 G with fractional stabilities of better than 10-4. Design considerations for electromagnets producing these fields, such as optical access and fast dynamical response, mean that electric currents in excess of 100 A are often needed to obtain the requisite field strengths. We describe a simple digital proportional-integral-derivative current controller constructed using a field-programmable gate array and off-the-shelf evaluation boards that allows for gain scheduling, enabling optimal control of current sources with non-linear actuators. Our controller can stabilize an electric current of 337.5 A to the level of 7.5 × 10-7 in an averaging time of 10 min and with a control bandwidth of 2 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas
- Department of Physics, QSO-Centre for Quantum Science, and Dodd-Walls Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - N Kjærgaard
- Department of Physics, QSO-Centre for Quantum Science, and Dodd-Walls Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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17
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Zeng C, Stanescu TD, Zhang C, Scarola VW, Tewari S. Majorana Corner Modes with Solitons in an Attractive Hubbard-Hofstadter Model of Cold Atom Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:060402. [PMID: 31491186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order topological superconductors hosting Majorana-Kramers pairs (MKPs) as corner modes have recently been proposed in a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator proximity-coupled to unconventional cuprate or iron-based superconductors. Here, we show that such MKPs can be realized using a conventional s-wave superfluid with a soliton in cold atom systems governed by the Hubbard-Hofstadter model. The MKPs emerge in the presence of interaction at the "corners" defined by the intersections of line solitons and the one-dimensional edges of the system. Our scheme is based on the recently realized cold atom Hubbard-Hofstadter lattice and will pave the way for observing possible higher-order topological superfluidity with conventional s-wave superfluids or superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchang Zeng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - T D Stanescu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - V W Scarola
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Sumanta Tewari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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18
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Gregory PD, Frye MD, Blackmore JA, Bridge EM, Sawant R, Hutson JM, Cornish SL. Sticky collisions of ultracold RbCs molecules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3104. [PMID: 31308368 PMCID: PMC6629645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling collisions is crucial to the burgeoning field of ultracold molecules. All experiments so far have observed fast loss of molecules from the trap. However, the dominant mechanism for collisional loss is not well understood when there are no allowed 2-body loss processes. Here we experimentally investigate collisional losses of nonreactive ultracold 87Rb133Cs molecules, and compare our findings with the sticky collision hypothesis that pairs of molecules form long-lived collision complexes. We demonstrate that loss of molecules occupying their rotational and hyperfine ground state is best described by second-order rate equations, consistent with the expectation for complex-mediated collisions, but that the rate is lower than the limit of universal loss. The loss is insensitive to magnetic field but increases for excited rotational states. We demonstrate that dipolar effects lead to significantly faster loss for an incoherent mixture of rotational states. Ultracold polar molecules are an excellent platform for quantum science but experiments so far see fast trap losses that are poorly understood. Here the authors investigate collisional losses of nonreactive RbCs, and show they are consistent with the sticky collision hypothesis, but are slower than the universal rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Gregory
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jacob A Blackmore
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bridge
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Rahul Sawant
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Simon L Cornish
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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19
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Lipavský P, Lin PJ. Local conservation laws in ultracold Fermi systems with time-dependent interaction potential. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:052108. [PMID: 31212492 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.052108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the context of an ultracold Fermi gas, we derive conservation laws for mass, energy and momentum based on a generalized nonlocal Boltzmann equation with gradient corrections in the collision integral. The corrections are expressed in terms of effective collision duration, particle displacement and changes of total momentum and energy. Their origin is in the in-medium T matrix. Using variations of the optical theorem, we show that in the collision integral the particle-hole symmetry can be recast into a form of collision symmetry amenable to semiclassical simulation. Pauli-blocked collisions are distinguished from Bose-stimulated nondissipative ones; the latter are not present in the absence of gradient corrections. Consolidating with the microscopic theory, we extract local conservation laws for a general time-dependent interaction potential, and demonstrate how both types of collisions affect densities and flows of conserving quantities. Comparison is made with the approach of Nozières and Schmitt-Rink in the limit of thermal equilibrium. Under approximations used for normal-state ultracold Fermi gases interacting via Feshbach resonances we demonstrate the effect of the collision delay on the shear viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lipavský
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pei-Jen Lin
- Universal Analytics Inc., Airdrie, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Li LH, Li JL, Wang GR, Cong SL. The modulating action of electric field on magnetically tuned Feshbach resonance. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5081628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hang Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing-Lun Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gao-Ren Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shu-Lin Cong
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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21
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Reaction kinetics of ultracold molecule-molecule collisions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5244. [PMID: 30531934 PMCID: PMC6286306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying chemical reactions on a state-to-state level tests and improves our fundamental understanding of chemical processes. For such investigations it is convenient to make use of ultracold atomic and molecular reactants as they can be prepared in well defined internal and external quantum states. Here, we investigate a single-channel reaction of two Li2-Feshbach molecules where one of the molecules dissociates into two atoms 2AB ⇒ AB + A + B. The process is a prototype for a class of four-body collisions where two reactants produce three product particles. We measure the collisional dissociation rate constant of this process as a function of collision energy/temperature and scattering length. We confirm an Arrhenius-law dependence on the collision energy, an a4 power-law dependence on the scattering length a and determine a universal four body reaction constant.
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22
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Park JW, Ko B, Shin Y. Critical Vortex Shedding in a Strongly Interacting Fermionic Superfluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:225301. [PMID: 30547641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.225301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the critical vortex shedding in a strongly interacting fermionic superfluid of ^{6}Li across the BEC-BCS crossover. By moving an optical obstacle in the sample and directly imaging the vortices after the time of flight, the critical velocity u_{vor} for vortex shedding is measured as a function of the obstacle travel distance L. The observed u_{vor} increases with decreasing L, where the rate of increase is the highest in the unitary regime. In the deep Bose-Einstein condensation regime, an empirical dissipation model well captures the dependence of u_{vor} on L, characterized by a constant value of η=-[d(1/u_{vor})/d(1/L)]. However, as the system is tuned across the resonance, a step increase of η develops about a characteristic distance L_{c} as L is increased, where L_{c} is comparable to the obstacle size. This bimodal behavior is strengthened as the system is tuned towards the BCS regime. We attribute this evolution of u_{vor} to the emergence of the underlying fermionic degree of freedom in the vortex-shedding dynamics of a Fermi condensate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Woo Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bumsuk Ko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y Shin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
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23
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Lassablière L, Quéméner G. Controlling the Scattering Length of Ultracold Dipolar Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:163402. [PMID: 30387665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.163402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By applying a circularly polarized and slightly blue-detuned microwave field with respect to the first excited rotational state of a dipolar molecule, one can engineer a long-range, shallow potential well in the entrance channel of the two colliding partners. As the applied microwave ac field is increased, the long-range well becomes deeper and can support a certain number of bound states, which in turn bring the value of the molecule-molecule scattering length from a large negative value to a large positive one. We adopt an adimensional approach where the molecules are described by a rescaled rotational constant B[over ˜]=B/s_{E_{3}} where s_{E_{3}} is a characteristic dipolar energy. We found that molecules with B[over ˜]>10^{8} are immune to any quenching losses when a sufficient ac field is applied, the ratio elastic to quenching processes can reach values above 10^{3}, and that the value and sign of the scattering length can be tuned. The ability to control the molecular scattering length opens the door for a rich, strongly correlated, many-body physics for ultracold molecules, similar to that for ultracold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lassablière
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Goulven Quéméner
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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24
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Gänger B, Phieler J, Nagler B, Widera A. A versatile apparatus for fermionic lithium quantum gases based on an interference-filter laser system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:093105. [PMID: 30278689 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and construction of a versatile setup for experiments with ultracold lithium (Li) gases. We discuss our methods to prepare an atomic beam and laser cool it in a Zeeman slower and a subsequent magneto-optical trap, which rely on established methods. We focus on our laser system based on a stable interference-filter-stabilized, linear-extended-cavity diode laser, so far unreported for lithium wavelengths. Moreover, we describe our optical setup to combine various laser frequencies for cooling, manipulation, and detection of Li atoms. We characterize the performance of our system preparing degenerate samples of Li atoms via forced evaporation in a hybrid crossed-beam optical-dipole trap plus confining magnetic trap. Our apparatus allows one to produce quantum gases of N ≈ 105…106 fermionic lithium-6 atoms at nanokelvin temperatures in cycle times below 10 s. Our optical system is particularly suited to study the dynamics of fermionic superfluids in engineered optical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gänger
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jan Phieler
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Nagler
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Artur Widera
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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25
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Tennyson J, McKemmish LK, Rivlin T. Low-temperature chemistry using the R-matrix method. Faraday Discuss 2018; 195:31-48. [PMID: 27711838 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00110f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Techniques for producing cold and ultracold molecules are enabling the study of chemical reactions and scattering at the quantum scattering limit, with only a few partial waves contributing to the incident channel, leading to the observation and even full control of state-to-state collisions in this regime. A new R-matrix formalism is presented for tackling problems involving low- and ultra-low energy collisions. This general formalism is particularly appropriate for slow collisions occurring on potential energy surfaces with deep wells. The many resonance states make such systems hard to treat theoretically but offer the best prospects for novel physics: resonances are already being widely used to control diatomic systems and should provide the route to steering ultracold reactions. Our R-matrix-based formalism builds on the progress made in variational calculations of molecular spectra by using these methods to provide wavefunctions for the whole system at short internuclear distances, (a regime known as the inner region). These wavefunctions are used to construct collision energy-dependent R-matrices which can then be propagated to give cross sections at each collision energy. The method is formulated for ultracold collision systems with differing numbers of atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tennyson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Laura K McKemmish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Tom Rivlin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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26
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Cui Y, Shen C, Deng M, Dong S, Chen C, Lü R, Gao B, Tey MK, You L. Observation of Broad d-Wave Feshbach Resonances with a Triplet Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:203402. [PMID: 29219388 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.203402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High partial-wave (l≥2) Feshbach resonance (FR) in an ultracold mixture of ^{85}Rb-^{87}Rb atoms is investigated experimentally aided by a partial-wave insensitive analytic multichannel quantum-defect theory. Two "broad" resonances from coupling between d waves in both the open and closed channels are observed and characterized. One of them shows a fully resolved triplet structure with a splitting ratio well explained by the perturbation to the closed channel due to interatomic spin-spin interaction. These tunable "broad" d-wave resonances, especially the one in the lowest-energy open channel, could find important applications in simulating d-wave coupling dominated many-body systems. In addition, we find that there is generally a time and temperature requirement, associated with tunneling through the angular momentum barrier, to establish and observe resonant coupling in nonzero partial waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Mailstop 111, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Meng Khoon Tey
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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27
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Above-threshold scattering about a Feshbach resonance for ultracold atoms in an optical collider. Nat Commun 2017; 8:452. [PMID: 28878374 PMCID: PMC5587761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultracold atomic gases have realized numerous paradigms of condensed matter physics, where control over interactions has crucially been afforded by tunable Feshbach resonances. So far, the characterization of these Feshbach resonances has almost exclusively relied on experiments in the threshold regime near zero energy. Here, we use a laser-based collider to probe a narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance of rubidium above threshold. By measuring the overall atomic loss from colliding clouds as a function of magnetic field, we track the energy-dependent resonance position. At higher energy, our collider scheme broadens the loss feature, making the identification of the narrow resonance challenging. However, we observe that the collisions give rise to shifts in the center-of-mass positions of outgoing clouds. The shifts cross zero at the resonance and this allows us to accurately determine its location well above threshold. Our inferred resonance positions are in excellent agreement with theory. Studies on energy-dependent scattering of ultracold atoms were previously carried out near zero collision energies. Here, the authors observe a magnetic Feshbach resonance in ultracold Rb collisions for above-threshold energies and their method can also be used to detect higher partial wave resonances.
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28
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Naidon P, Endo S. Efimov physics: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056001. [PMID: 28350544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa50e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews theoretical and experimental advances in Efimov physics, an array of quantum few-body and many-body phenomena arising for particles interacting via short-range resonant interactions, that is based on the appearance of a scale-invariant three-body attraction theoretically discovered by Vitaly Efimov in 1970. This three-body effect was originally proposed to explain the binding of nuclei such as the triton and the Hoyle state of carbon-12, and later considered as a simple explanation for the existence of some halo nuclei. It was subsequently evidenced in trapped ultra-cold atomic clouds and in diffracted molecular beams of gaseous helium. These experiments revealed that the previously undetermined three-body parameter introduced in the Efimov theory to stabilise the three-body attraction typically scales with the range of atomic interactions. The few- and many-body consequences of the Efimov attraction have been since investigated theoretically, and are expected to be observed in a broader spectrum of physical systems.
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29
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Steger M, Fluegel B, Alberi K, Snoke DW, Pfeiffer LN, West K, Mascarenhas A. Ultra-low threshold polariton condensation. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1165-1168. [PMID: 28295074 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the condensation of microcavity polaritons with a very sharp threshold occurring at a two orders of magnitude pump intensity lower than previous demonstrations of condensation. The long cavity lifetime and trapping and pumping geometries are crucial to the realization of this low threshold. Polariton condensation, or "polariton lasing" has long been proposed as a promising source of coherent light at a lower threshold than traditional lasing, and these results indicate some considerations for optimizing designs for lower thresholds.
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30
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Romain R, Jallageas A, Verkerk P, Hennequin D. Spatial instabilities in a cloud of cold atoms. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:052212. [PMID: 27967056 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.052212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cold atomic clouds have been shown to have some similarities with plasmas. Previous studies showed that such clouds exhibit instabilities induced by long-range interactions. However, they did not describe the spatial properties of the dynamics. In this paper, we study experimentally the spatial nature of stochastic instabilities, and we find out that the dynamics is localized. Data are analyzed both in the spectral domain and in the spatial domain (principal component analysis). Both methods fail to describe the dynamics in terms of eigenmodes, showing that space and time are not separable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Romain
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Antoine Jallageas
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Verkerk
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniel Hennequin
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
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31
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Zhang XZ, Song Z. EPR pairing dynamics in Hubbard model with resonant U. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18323. [PMID: 26728282 PMCID: PMC4700455 DOI: 10.1038/srep18323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the dynamics of the collision between two fermions in Hubbard model with on-site interaction strength U. The exact solution shows that the scattering matrix for two-wavepacket collision is separable into two independent parts, operating on spatial and spin degrees of freedom, respectively. The S-matrix for spin configuration is equivalent to that of Heisenberg-type pulsed interaction with the strength depending on U and relative group velocity vr. This can be applied to create distant EPR pair, through a collision process for two fermions with opposite spins in the case of |vr/U| = 1, without the need for temporal control and measurement process. Multiple collision process for many particles is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Zhang
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Z Song
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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32
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Genkina D, Aycock LM, Stuhl BK, Lu HI, Williams RA, Spielman IB. Feshbach enhanced s-wave scattering of fermions: direct observation with optimized absorption imaging. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2016; 18:013001. [PMID: 26903778 PMCID: PMC4759653 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We directly measured the normalized s-wave scattering cross-section of ultracold 40K atoms across a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance by colliding pairs of degenerate Fermi gases (DFGs) and imaging the scattered atoms. We extracted the scattered fraction for a range of bias magnetic fields, and measured the resonance location to be B0 = 20.206(15) mT with width Δ = 1.0(5) mT. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio of atom number in scattering images, we developed techniques to interpret absorption images in a regime where recoil induced detuning corrections are significant. These imaging techniques are generally applicable to experiments with lighter alkalis that would benefit from maximizing signal-to-noise ratio on atom number counting at the expense of spatial imaging resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Genkina
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899 USA
| | - LM Aycock
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899 USA
- Physics Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
| | - BK Stuhl
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899 USA
| | - H-I Lu
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899 USA
| | - RA Williams
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - IB Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899 USA
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33
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Strongly-coupled plasmas formed from laser-heated solids. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15693. [PMID: 26503293 PMCID: PMC4621604 DOI: 10.1038/srep15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an analysis of ion temperatures in laser-produced plasmas formed from solids with different initial lattice structures. We show that the equilibrium ion temperature is limited by a mismatch between the initial crystallographic configuration and the close-packed configuration of a strongly-coupled plasma, similar to experiments in ultracold neutral plasmas. We propose experiments to demonstrate and exploit this crystallographic heating in order to produce a strongly coupled plasma with a coupling parameter of several hundred.
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34
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Faoro R, Pelle B, Zuliani A, Cheinet P, Arimondo E, Pillet P. Borromean three-body FRET in frozen Rydberg gases. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8173. [PMID: 26348821 PMCID: PMC4569802 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the interactions between ultracold atoms is crucial for quantum simulation and computation purposes. Highly excited Rydberg atoms are considered in this prospect for their strong and controllable interactions known in the dipole-dipole case to induce non-radiative energy transfers between atom pairs, similarly to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in biological systems. Here we predict few-body FRET processes in Rydberg atoms and observe the first three-body resonance energy transfer in cold Rydberg atoms using cold caesium atoms. In these resonances, additional relay atoms carry away an energy excess preventing the two-body resonance, leading thus to a Borromean type of energy transfer. These few-body processes present strong similarities with multistep FRET between chromophores sometimes called donor-bridge-acceptor or superexchange. Most importantly, they generalize to any Rydberg atom and could lead to new implementations of few-body quantum gates or entanglement. Rydberg atoms are promising platform for quantum simulations, due to their strong and controllable dipole–dipole interactions. Here, the authors predict few-body processes in Rydberg atoms which resemble fluorescence resonance energy transfer in biological setting, and observe them in cold caesium atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Faoro
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France.,Physics Department, Universita di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Pelle
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Zuliani
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Cheinet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E Arimondo
- Physics Department, Universita di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Pillet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
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Goldman N, Juzeliūnas G, Öhberg P, Spielman IB. Light-induced gauge fields for ultracold atoms. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:126401. [PMID: 25422950 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gauge fields are central in our modern understanding of physics at all scales. At the highest energy scales known, the microscopic universe is governed by particles interacting with each other through the exchange of gauge bosons. At the largest length scales, our Universe is ruled by gravity, whose gauge structure suggests the existence of a particle-the graviton-that mediates the gravitational force. At the mesoscopic scale, solid-state systems are subjected to gauge fields of different nature: materials can be immersed in external electromagnetic fields, but they can also feature emerging gauge fields in their low-energy description. In this review, we focus on another kind of gauge field: those engineered in systems of ultracold neutral atoms. In these setups, atoms are suitably coupled to laser fields that generate effective gauge potentials in their description. Neutral atoms 'feeling' laser-induced gauge potentials can potentially mimic the behavior of an electron gas subjected to a magnetic field, but also, the interaction of elementary particles with non-Abelian gauge fields. Here, we review different realized and proposed techniques for creating gauge potentials-both Abelian and non-Abelian-in atomic systems and discuss their implication in the context of quantum simulation. While most of these setups concern the realization of background and classical gauge potentials, we conclude with more exotic proposals where these synthetic fields might be made dynamical, in view of simulating interacting gauge theories with cold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Goldman
- College de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot & Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS, UPMC, ENS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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36
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Topological quantum phase transitions and edge states in spin-orbital coupled Fermi gases. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5218. [PMID: 24918901 PMCID: PMC4052715 DOI: 10.1038/srep05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We study superconducting states in the presence of spin-orbital coupling and Zeeman field. It is found that a phase transition from a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state to the topological superconducting state occurs upon increasing the spin-orbital coupling. The nature of this topological phase transition and its critical property are investigated numerically. Physical properties of the topological superconducting phase are also explored. Moreover, the local density of states is calculated, through which the topological feature may be tested experimentally.
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37
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Banerjee T, Ghosh D. Experimental observation of a transition from amplitude to oscillation death in coupled oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062902. [PMID: 25019846 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental evidence of an important transition scenario, namely the transition from amplitude death (AD) to oscillation death (OD) state in coupled limit cycle oscillators. We consider two Van der Pol oscillators coupled through mean-field diffusion and show that this system exhibits a transition from AD to OD, which was earlier shown for Stuart-Landau oscillators under the same coupling scheme [T. Banerjee and D. Ghosh, Phys. Rev. E 89, 052912 (2014)]. We show that the AD-OD transition is governed by the density of mean-field and beyond a critical value this transition is destroyed; further, we show the existence of a nontrivial AD state that coexists with OD. Next, we implement the system in an electronic circuit and experimentally confirm the transition from AD to OD state. We further characterize the experimental parameter zone where this transition occurs. The present study may stimulate the search for the practical systems where this important transition scenario can be observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Physics, University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
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38
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Using thermal boundary conditions to engineer the quantum state of a bulk magnet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3689-94. [PMID: 24567389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316070111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of contact between a system and the external environment can alter dramatically its proclivity to quantum mechanical modes of relaxation. We show that controlling the thermal coupling of cubic-centimeter-sized crystals of the Ising magnet LiHo(x)Y(1-x)F4 to a heat bath can be used to tune the system between a glassy state dominated by thermal excitations over energy barriers and a state with the hallmarks of a quantum spin liquid. Application of a magnetic field transverse to the Ising axis introduces both random magnetic fields and quantum fluctuations, which can retard and speed the annealing process, respectively, thereby providing a mechanism for continuous tuning between the destination states. The nonlinear response of the system explicitly demonstrates quantum interference between internal and external relaxation pathways.
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Williams RA, Beeler MC, LeBlanc LJ, Jiménez-García K, Spielman IB. Raman-induced interactions in a single-component Fermi gas near an s-wave Feshbach resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:095301. [PMID: 24033043 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.095301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold gases of interacting spin-orbit-coupled fermions are predicted to display exotic phenomena such as topological superfluidity and its associated Majorana fermions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a route to strongly interacting single-component atomic Fermi gases by combining an s-wave Feshbach resonance (giving strong interactions) and spin-orbit coupling (creating an effective p-wave channel). We identify the Feshbach resonance by its associated atomic loss feature and show that, in agreement with our single-channel scattering model, this feature is preserved and shifted as a function of the spin-orbit-coupling parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Williams
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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40
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Bugnion PO, Lofthouse JA, Conduit GJ. Inhomogeneous state of few-fermion superfluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:045301. [PMID: 23931378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The few-fermion atomic gas is an ideal setting to explore inhomogeneous superfluid pairing analogous to the Larkin-Ovchinnikov state. Two up and one down-spin atom is the minimal configuration that displays an inhomogeneous pairing density, whereas imbalanced systems containing more fermions present a more complex pairing topology. With more than eight atoms trapped the system approaches the macroscopic superfluid limit. An oblate trap with a central barrier offers a direct experimental probe of pairing inhomogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Bugnion
- Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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41
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Endres MG. Transdimensional equivalence of universal constants for Fermi gases at unitarity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:250403. [PMID: 23368437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.250403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
I present lattice Monte Carlo calculations for a universal four-component Fermi gas confined to a finite box and to a harmonic trap in one spatial dimension. I obtain the values ξ(1D) = 0.370(4) and ξ(1D) = 0.372(1), respectively, for the Bertsch parameter, a nonperturbative universal constant defined as the (square of the) energy of the untrapped (trapped) system measured in units of the free gas energy. The Bertsch parameter obtained for the one-dimensional system is consistent to within ~1% uncertainties with the most recent numerical and experimental estimates of the analogous Bertsch parameter for a three-dimensional spin-1/2 Fermi gas at unitarity. The finding suggests the intriguing possibility that there exists a universality between two conformal theories in different dimensions. To lend support to this study, I also compute ground state energies for four and five fermions confined to a harmonic trap and demonstrate the restoration of a virial theorem in the continuum limit. The continuum few-body energies obtained are consistent with exact analytical calculations to within ~1.0% and ~0.3% statistical uncertainties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Endres
- Theoretical Research Division, RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Goulven Quéméner
- JILA, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309-0440, United States
| | - Paul S. Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST
and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8423,
United States
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43
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The BCS–BEC Crossover and the Unitary Fermi Gas. THE BCS-BEC CROSSOVER AND THE UNITARY FERMI GAS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21978-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Scherer MM, Floerchinger S, Gies H. Functional renormalization for the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein condensation crossover. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:2779-2799. [PMID: 21646278 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We review the functional renormalization group (RG) approach to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein condensation (BCS-BEC) crossover for an ultracold gas of fermionic atoms. Formulated in terms of a scale-dependent effective action, the functional RG interpolates continuously between the atomic or molecular microphysics and the macroscopic physics on large length scales. We concentrate on the discussion of the phase diagram as a function of the scattering length and the temperature, which is a paradigm example for the non-perturbative power of the functional RG. A systematic derivative expansion provides for both a description of the many-body physics and its expected universal features as well as an accurate account of the few-body physics and the associated BEC and BCS limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Scherer
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07749 Jena, Germany
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45
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Dyke P, Kuhnle ED, Whitlock S, Hu H, Mark M, Hoinka S, Lingham M, Hannaford P, Vale CJ. Crossover from 2D to 3D in a weakly interacting Fermi gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:105304. [PMID: 21469801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the transition from two to three dimensions in a low temperature weakly interacting 6Li Fermi gas. Below a critical atom number N(2D) only the lowest transverse vibrational state of a highly anisotropic oblate trapping potential is occupied and the gas is two dimensional. Above N(2D) the Fermi gas enters the quasi-2D regime where shell structure associated with the filling of individual transverse oscillator states is apparent. This dimensional crossover is demonstrated through measurements of the cloud size and aspect ratio versus atom number.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dyke
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
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LeBlanc LJ, Bardon AB, McKeever J, Extavour MHT, Jervis D, Thywissen JH, Piazza F, Smerzi A. Dynamics of a tunable superfluid junction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:025302. [PMID: 21405237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.025302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the population dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential throughout the crossover from Josephson dynamics to hydrodynamics. At barriers higher than the chemical potential, we observe slow oscillations well described by a Josephson model. In the limit of low barriers, the fundamental frequency agrees with a simple hydrodynamic model, but we also observe a second, higher frequency. A full numerical simulation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation giving the frequencies and amplitudes of the observed modes between these two limits is compared to the data and is used to understand the origin of the higher mode. Implications for trapped matter-wave interferometers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J LeBlanc
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George, Toronto ON, Canada, M5S 1A7
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47
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Rittenhouse ST, Cavagnero MJ, Greene CH. Collective coordinate description of anisotropically trapped degenerate Fermi gases. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:15016-23. [PMID: 19899802 DOI: 10.1021/jp9051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The solution of the many-body Schrödinger equation using an adiabatic treatment of the hyperradius is generalized to treat two components of a hyperspherical vector adiabatically. This treatment has advantages in certain physical situations, such as the description of a degenerate Fermi gas or Bose-Einstein condensate in an anisotropic trapping potential. A first application to the zero-temperature anisotropic Fermi gas is compared with predictions of the Hartree-Fock method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth T Rittenhouse
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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48
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Nascimbène S, Navon N, Jiang KJ, Tarruell L, Teichmann M, McKeever J, Chevy F, Salomon C. Collective oscillations of an imbalanced Fermi gas: axial compression modes and polaron effective mass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:170402. [PMID: 19905734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the low-lying compression modes of a unitary Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations. For low polarization, the strong coupling between the two spin components leads to a hydrodynamic behavior of the cloud. For large population imbalance we observe a decoupling of the oscillations of the two spin components, giving access to the effective mass of the Fermi polaron, a quasiparticle composed of an impurity dressed by particle-hole pair excitations in a surrounding Fermi sea. We find m*/m = 1.17(10), in agreement with the most recent theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nascimbène
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS, UPMC, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France
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49
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Naidon P, Ueda M. Possible efimov trimer state in a three-hyperfine-component lithium-6 mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:073203. [PMID: 19792642 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.073203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We consider the Efimov trimer theory as a possible framework to explain recently observed losses by inelastic three-body collisions in a three-hyperfine-component ultracold mixture of lithium 6. Within this framework, these losses would arise chiefly from the existence of an Efimov trimer bound state below the continuum of free triplets of atoms, and the loss maxima (at certain values of an applied magnetic field) would correspond to zero-energy resonances where the trimer dissociates into three free atoms. Our results show that such a trimer state is indeed possible given the two-body scattering lengths in the three-component lithium mixture and gives rise to two zero-energy resonances. The locations of these resonances appear to be consistent with observed losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Naidon
- ERATO Macroscopic Quantum Project, JST, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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50
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Sato M, Takahashi Y, Fujimoto S. Non-Abelian topological order in s-wave superfluids of ultracold fermionic atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:020401. [PMID: 19659186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is proposed that in s-wave superfluids of cold fermionic atoms with laser-field-generated effective spin-orbit interactions, a topological phase with gapless edge states and Majorana fermion quasiparticles obeying non-Abelian statistics is realized in the case with a large Zeeman magnetic field. Our scenario provides a promising approach to the realization of quantum computation based on the manipulation of non-Abelian anyons via an s-wave Feshbach resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Sato
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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