1
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Kovtun A, Candini A, Vianelli A, Boschi A, Dell'Elce S, Gobbi M, Kim KH, Lara Avila S, Samorì P, Affronte M, Liscio A, Palermo V. Multiscale Charge Transport in van der Waals Thin Films: Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Case Study. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2654-2667. [PMID: 33464821 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large area van der Waals (vdW) thin films are assembled materials consisting of a network of randomly stacked nanosheets. The multiscale structure and the two-dimensional (2D) nature of the building block mean that interfaces naturally play a crucial role in the charge transport of such thin films. While single or few stacked nanosheets (i.e., vdW heterostructures) have been the subject of intensive works, little is known about how charges travel through multilayered, more disordered networks. Here, we report a comprehensive study of a prototypical system given by networks of randomly stacked reduced graphene oxide 2D nanosheets, whose chemical and geometrical properties can be controlled independently, permitting to explore percolated networks ranging from a single nanosheet to some billions with room-temperature resistivity spanning from 10-5 to 10-1 Ω·m. We systematically observe a clear transition between two different regimes at a critical temperature T*: Efros-Shklovskii variable-range hopping (ES-VRH) below T* and power law behavior above. First, we demonstrate that the two regimes are strongly correlated with each other, both depending on the charge localization length ξ, calculated by the ES-VRH model, which corresponds to the characteristic size of overlapping sp2 domains belonging to different nanosheets. Thus, we propose a microscopic model describing the charge transport as a geometrical phase transition, given by the metal-insulator transition associated with the percolation of quasi-one-dimensional nanofillers with length ξ, showing that the charge transport behavior of the networks is valid for all geometries and defects of the nanosheets, ultimately suggesting a generalized description on vdW and disordered thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Kovtun
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, (CNR-ISOF), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Candini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, (CNR-ISOF), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Vianelli
- MISTER Smart Innovation, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alex Boschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, (CNR-ISOF), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marco Gobbi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kyung Ho Kim
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Physics Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Lara Avila
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Affronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), via Giuseppe Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Liscio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, (CNR-ISOF), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Hörsalvägen 7, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wang J, Niu J, Shao B, Yang G, Lu C, Li M, Zhou Z, Chuai X, Chen J, Lu N, Huang B, Wang Y, Li L, Liu M. A tied Fermi liquid to Luttinger liquid model for nonlinear transport in conducting polymers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:58. [PMID: 33397910 PMCID: PMC7782818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic conjugated polymers demonstrate great potential in transistors, solar cells and light-emitting diodes, whose performances are fundamentally governed by charge transport. However, the morphology-property relationships and the underpinning charge transport mechanisms remain unclear. Particularly, whether the nonlinear charge transport in conducting polymers is appropriately formulated within non-Fermi liquids is not clear. In this work, via varying crystalline degrees of samples, we carry out systematic investigations on the charge transport nonlinearity in conducting polymers. Possible charge carriers' dimensionality is discussed when varying the molecular chain's crystalline orders. A heterogeneous-resistive-network (HRN) model is proposed based on the tied-link between Fermi liquids (FL) and Luttinger liquids (LL), related to the high-ordered crystalline zones and weak-coupled amorphous regions, respectively. The HRN model is supported by precise electrical and microstructural characterizations, together with theoretic evaluations, which well describes the nonlinear transport behaviors and provides new insights into the microstructure-correlated charge transport in organic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiebin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bin Shao
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518110, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guanhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Congyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xichen Chuai
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiezhi Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Nianduan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- School of Information and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
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3
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Yang G, Shao Y, Niu J, Ma X, Lu C, Wei W, Chuai X, Wang J, Cao J, Huang H, Xu G, Shi X, Ji Z, Lu N, Geng D, Qi J, Cao Y, Liu Z, Liu L, Huang Y, Liao L, Dang W, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Duan X, Chen J, Fan Z, Jiang X, Wang Y, Li L, Gao HJ, Duan X, Liu M. Possible Luttinger liquid behavior of edge transport in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide crystals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:659. [PMID: 32005802 PMCID: PMC6994668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In atomically-thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, the nonuniformity in current flow due to its edge states may alter and even dictate the charge transport properties of the entire device. However, the influence of the edge states on electrical transport in 2D materials has not been sufficiently explored to date. Here, we systematically quantify the edge state contribution to electrical transport in monolayer MoS2/WSe2 field-effect transistors, revealing that the charge transport at low temperature is dominated by the edge conduction with the nonlinear behavior. The metallic edge states are revealed by scanning probe microscopy, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and first-principle calculations. Further analyses demonstrate that the edge-state dominated nonlinear transport shows a universal power-law scaling relationship with both temperature and bias voltage, which can be well explained by the 1D Luttinger liquid theory. These findings demonstrate the Luttinger liquid behavior in 2D materials and offer important insights into designing 2D electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Information and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Jiebin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Ma
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Congyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Xichen Chuai
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Nianduan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Di Geng
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongliu Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- School of Information and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqi Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Xidong Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Jiezhi Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Information and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China.
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4
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Begum S, Fleurov V, Kagalovsky V, Yurkevich IV. Sliding Luttinger liquid with alternating interwire couplings. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:425601. [PMID: 31207581 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab2a56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study a phase diagram for the sliding Luttinger liquid (SLL) of coupled one-dimensional quantum wires packed in a two-dimensional array in the absence of a magnetic field. We analyse whether the nearest-neighbour inter-wire interactions, stabilise the SLL phase. We construct an analogue of a Su-Schriefer-Heeger (SSH) model (allowing alternating couplings between wires). Calculating the scaling dimensions of the two most relevant perturbations, charge-density wave, and superconducting inter-wire couplings, but excluding the inter-wire single-particle hybridisation, we find a finite stability region for the SLL. It emerges due to the inter-wire forward scattering interaction, and remains stable up to a significant asymmetry between alternating couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Begum
- Aston University, School of Engineering & Applied Science-Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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5
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Akagi K. Interdisciplinary Chemistry Based on Integration of Liquid Crystals and Conjugated Polymers: Development and Progress. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Akagi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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6
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Chemiresistive DNA hybridization sensor with electrospun nanofibers: A method to minimize inter-device variability. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 133:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Fleurov V, Kagalovsky V, Lerner IV, Yurkevich IV. Instability of the sliding Luttinger liquid. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:185602. [PMID: 29578451 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We revise a phase diagram for the sliding Luttinger liquid (SLL) of coupled one-dimensional quantum wires packed in two- or three-dimensional arrays in the absence of a magnetic field. We analyse whether physically justifiable (reasonable) inter-wire interactions, i.e. either the screened Coulomb or 'Coulomb-blockade' type interactions, stabilise the SLL phase. Calculating the scaling dimensions of the most relevant perturbations (the inter-wire single-particle hybridisation, charge-density wave, and superconducting inter-wire couplings), we find that their combination always destroys the SLL phase for the repulsive intra-wire interaction. However, suppressing the inter-wire tunnelling of repulsive fermions (when the charge-density wave is the only remaining perturbation), one can observe a stability region emerging due to the inter-wire forward scattering interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fleurov
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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8
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Alexander SLM, Ahmadmehrabi S, Korley LTJ. Programming shape and tailoring transport: advancing hygromorphic bilayers with aligned nanofibers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5589-5596. [PMID: 28730198 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural systems utilize nanofiber architectures to guide water transport, tune mechanical properties, and actuate in response to their environment. In order to harness these properties, a hygromorphic bilayer composite comprised of a self-assembled fiber network and an aligned electrospun fiber network was fabricated. Molecular gel self-assembly was utilized to increase hydrophobicity and strength in one layer, while aligned electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers increased the rate of hydration and facilitated tunable actuation in the other. Interfacing these two fiber networks in a poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) (EO-EPI) matrix led to hydration-driven actuation with tunable curvature. Specifically, variations in fiber alignment were achieved by cutting at 0, 90, and 45 degree angles in relation to the length edge of the composite. Along with the ability to program the natural curvature, the utilization of aligned nanofibers increased water transport compared to random nanofiber systems, resulting in a reduction in response time from 20+ minutes to 2-3 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L M Alexander
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, USA.
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9
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Tian C, Cordeiro MAL, Lhermitte J, Xin HL, Shani L, Liu M, Ma C, Yeshurun Y, DiMarzio D, Gang O. Supra-Nanoparticle Functional Assemblies through Programmable Stacking. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7036-7048. [PMID: 28541660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The quest for the by-design assembly of material and devices from nanoscale inorganic components is well recognized. Conventional self-assembly is often limited in its ability to control material morphology and structure simultaneously. Here, we report a general method of assembling nanoparticles in a linear "pillar" morphology with regulated internal configurations. Our approach is inspired by supramolecular systems, where intermolecular stacking guides the assembly process to form diverse linear morphologies. Programmable stacking interactions were realized through incorporation of DNA coded recognition between the designed planar nanoparticle clusters. This resulted in the formation of multilayered pillar architectures with a well-defined internal nanoparticle organization. By controlling the number, position, size, and composition of the nanoparticles in each layer, a broad range of nanoparticle pillars were assembled and characterized in detail. In addition, we demonstrated the utility of this stacking assembly strategy for investigating plasmonic and electrical transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tian
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Marco Aurelio L Cordeiro
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Julien Lhermitte
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lior Shani
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University , 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Mingzhao Liu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Chunli Ma
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yosef Yeshurun
- Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University , 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Donald DiMarzio
- NexGen - Next Generation Engineering, Northrop Grumman Corporation , One Space Park, Redondo Beach, California 90278, United States
| | - Oleg Gang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
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10
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Apparent Power Law Scaling of Variable Range Hopping Conduction in Carbonized Polymer Nanofibers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37783. [PMID: 27886233 PMCID: PMC5122886 DOI: 10.1038/srep37783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We induce dramatic changes in the structure of conducting polymer nanofibers by carbonization at 800 °C and compare charge transport properties between carbonized and pristine nanofibers. Despite the profound structural differences, both types of systems display power law dependence of current with voltage and temperature, and all measurements can be scaled into a single universal curve. We analyze our experimental data in the framework of variable range hopping and argue that this mechanism can explain transport properties of pristine polymer nanofibers as well.
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11
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Bertaina G, Motta M, Rossi M, Vitali E, Galli DE. One-Dimensional Liquid ^{4}He: Dynamical Properties beyond Luttinger-Liquid Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:135302. [PMID: 27081985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We compute the zero-temperature dynamical structure factor of one-dimensional liquid ^{4}He by means of state-of-the-art quantum Monte Carlo and analytic continuation techniques. By increasing the density, the dynamical structure factor reveals a transition from a highly compressible critical liquid to a quasisolid regime. In the low-energy limit, the dynamical structure factor can be described by the quantum hydrodynamic Luttinger-liquid theory, with a Luttinger parameter spanning all possible values by increasing the density. At higher energies, our approach provides quantitative results beyond the Luttinger-liquid theory. In particular, as the density increases, the interplay between dimensionality and interaction makes the dynamical structure factor manifest a pseudo-particle-hole continuum typical of fermionic systems. At the low-energy boundary of such a region and moderate densities, we find consistency, within statistical uncertainties, with predictions of a power-law structure by the recently developed nonlinear Luttinger-liquid theory. In the quasisolid regime, we observe a novel behavior at intermediate momenta, which can be described by new analytical relations that we derive for the hard-rods model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bertaina
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Motta
- Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - M Rossi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, I-34154 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - E Vitali
- Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D E Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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12
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Abdalla H, van de Ruit K, Kemerink M. Effective Temperature and Universal Conductivity Scaling in Organic Semiconductors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16870. [PMID: 26581975 PMCID: PMC4652272 DOI: 10.1038/srep16870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the scalability of the temperature- and electric field-dependence of the conductivity of disordered organic semiconductors to ‘universal’ curves by two different but commonly employed methods; by so-called universal scaling and by using the effective temperature concept. Experimentally both scaling methods were found to be equally applicable to the out-of-plane charge transport in PEDOT:PSS thin films of various compositions. Both methods are shown to be equivalent in terms of functional dependence and to have identical limiting behavior. The experimentally observed scaling behavior can be reproduced by a numerical nearest-neighbor hopping model, accounting for the Coulomb interaction, the high charge carrier concentration and the energetic disorder. The underlying physics can be captured in a simple empirical model, describing the effective temperature of the charge carrier distribution as the outcome of a heat balance between Joule heating and (effective) temperature-dependent energy loss to the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abdalla
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kevin van de Ruit
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Kemerink
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.,Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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13
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Akai-Kasaya M, Okuaki Y, Nagano S, Mitani T, Kuwahara Y. Coulomb Blockade in a Two-Dimensional Conductive Polymer Monolayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:196801. [PMID: 26588405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.196801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electronic transport was investigated in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) monolayers. At low temperatures, nonlinear behavior was observed in the current-voltage characteristics, and a nonzero threshold voltage appeared that increased with decreasing temperature. The current-voltage characteristics could be best fitted using a power law. These results suggest that the nonlinear conductivity can be explained using a Coulomb blockade (CB) mechanism. A model is proposed in which an isotropic extended charge state exists, as predicted by quantum calculations, and percolative charge transport occurs within an array of small conductive islands. Using quantitatively evaluated capacitance values for the islands, this model was found to be capable of explaining the observed experimental data. It is, therefore, suggested that percolative charge transport based on the CB effect is a significant factor giving rise to nonlinear conductivity in organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akai-Kasaya
- Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Okuaki
- Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - T Mitani
- Japan Advanced Institute of Sciene and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Y Kuwahara
- Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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14
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Weathers A, Khan ZU, Brooke R, Evans D, Pettes MT, Andreasen JW, Crispin X, Shi L. Significant electronic thermal transport in the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2101-6. [PMID: 25688732 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Suspended microdevices are employed to measure the in-plane electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of suspended poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films. The measured thermal conductivity is higher than previously reported for PEDOT and generally increases with the electrical conductivity. The increase exceeds that predicted by the Wiedemann-Franz law for metals and can be explained by significant electronic thermal transport in PEDOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Weathers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
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15
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Yu GF, Yu M, Pan W, Han WP, Yan X, Zhang JC, Zhang HD, Long YZ. Electrical transport properties of an isolated CdS microrope composed of twisted nanowires. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:21. [PMID: 25852319 PMCID: PMC4314464 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CdS is one of the important II-VI group semiconductors. In this paper, the electrical transport behavior of an individual CdS microrope composed of twisted nanowires is studied. It is found that the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics show two distinct power law regions from 360 down to 60 K. Space-charge-limited current (SCLC) theory is used to explain these temperature- and electric-field-dependent I-V curves. The I-V data can be well fitted by this theory above 100 K, and the corresponding carrier mobility, trap energy, and trap concentration are also obtained. However, the I-V data exhibit some features of the Coulomb blockade effect below 80 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Feng Yu
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Optoelectronic Devices, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Optoelectronic Devices, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Wei Pan
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Optoelectronic Devices, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Peng Han
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Optoelectronic Devices, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Optoelectronic Devices, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Cheng Zhang
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Optoelectronic Devices, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Di Zhang
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Optoelectronic Devices, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ze Long
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Optoelectronic Devices, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
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16
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17
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Yamamoto HM. Sheathed nanowires aligned by crystallographic periodicity: a possibility of cross-bar wiring in three-dimensional space. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Marty R, Szilluweit R, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Bolisetty S, Adamcik J, Mezzenga R, Spitzner EC, Feifer M, Steinmann SN, Corminboeuf C, Frauenrath H. Hierarchically structured microfibers of "single stack" perylene bisimide and quaterthiophene nanowires. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8498-8508. [PMID: 23952000 DOI: 10.1021/nn402234t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic nanowires and microfibers are excellent model systems for charge transport in organic semiconductors under nanoscopic confinement and may be relevant for future nanoelectronic devices. For this purpose, however, the preparation of well-ordered organic nanowires with uniform lateral dimensions remains a challenge to achieve. Here, we used the self-assembly of oligopeptide-substituted perylene bisimides and quaterthiophenes to obtain well-ordered nanofibrils. The individual nanofibrils were investigated by spectroscopic and imaging methods, and the preparation of hierarchically structured microfibers of aligned nanofibrils allowed for a comprehensive structural characterization on all length scales with molecular level precision. Thus, we showed that the molecular chirality resulted in supramolecular helicity, which supposedly serves to suppress lateral aggregation. We also proved that, as a result, the individual nanofibrils comprised a single stack of the π-conjugated molecules at their core. Moreover, the conformational flexibility between the hydrogen-bonded oligopeptides and the π-π stacked chromophores gave rise to synergistically enhanced strong π-π interactions and hydrogen-bonding. The result is a remarkably tight π-π stacking inside the nanofibrils, irrespective of the electronic nature of the employed chromophores, which may render them suitable nanowire models to investigate one-dimensional charge transport along defined π-π stacks of p-type or n-type semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Marty
- Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , EPFL - STI - IMX - LMOM, MXG 037, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Chandni U, Kundu P, Kundu S, Ravishankar N, Ghosh A. Tunability of electronic states in ultrathin gold nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2486-2491. [PMID: 23494863 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The electronic state in ultrathin gold nanowires is tuned by careful engineering of the device architecture via a chemical methodology. The electrons are localized to an insulating state (showing variable range hopping transport) by simply bringing them close to the substrate, while the insertion of an interlayer leads to a Tomonaga Luttinger liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Chandni
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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20
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21
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Tailored polymer-based nanorods and nanotubes by "template synthesis": From preparation to applications. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Long YZ, Li MM, Gu C, Wan M, Duvail JL, Liu Z, Fan Z. Recent advances in synthesis, physical properties and applications of conducting polymer nanotubes and nanofibers. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Matsushita S, Akagi K. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers in Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Fields. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Terranova ML, Orlanducci S, Serra A, Manno D, Filippo E, Rossi M. Electronic properties of individual and assembled homotype SWCNT bundles. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Sugikawa K, Shiraki T, Tsuchiya Y, Haraguchi S, Sada K, Shinkai S. Facile fabrication of CD-active 1-D polypyrrole by the templating effect of a helix-forming anionic polysaccharide. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2010.521837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Sugikawa
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
- b Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Hakodate, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- c Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnology (ISIT) , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- c Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnology (ISIT) , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Haraguchi
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- b Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Hakodate, Japan
| | - Seiji Shinkai
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
- c Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnology (ISIT) , Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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Kemp NT, Newbury R, Cochrane JW, Dujardin E. Electronic transport in conducting polymer nanowire array devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:105202. [PMID: 21289409 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/10/105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the temperature dependent conductivity and current-voltage (I-V) properties of novel polyaniline nanowire array devices. Below 60 K, I-V measurements show a transition to non-linear behaviour, leading to the onset at 30 K of a threshold voltage, for potentials below which little current flows. By considering an intrinsic morphology of small conducting regions separated by tunnel junctions, we show that charging of the conducting regions leads to Coulomb blockade effects that can account for this behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Kemp
- Department of Physics, The University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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27
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Kaiser AB, Skákalová V. Electronic conduction in polymers, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3786-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Mori T, Kyotani M, Akagi K. Horizontally and vertically aligned helical conjugated polymers: Comprehensive formation mechanisms of helical fibrillar morphologies in orientation-controlled asymmetric reaction fields consisting of chiral nematic liquid crystals. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Mori T, Kyotani M, Akagi K. Formation Mechanism of Helical Polyacetylene with Spiral Morphology in Asymmetric Reaction Field Consisting of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101189y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Mori
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mutsumasa Kyotani
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuo Akagi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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30
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Samitsu S, Shimomura T, Heike S, Hashizume T, Ito K. Field-Effect Carrier Transport in Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Nanofiber Networks and Isolated Nanofibers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101655s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaki Samitsu
- Functional Thin Films Group, Organic Nanomaterials Center, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimomura
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakamachi 2-24-16, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Seiji Heike
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Tomihiro Hashizume
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5-603 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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31
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Rodin AS, Fogler MM. Apparent power-law behavior of conductance in disordered quasi-one-dimensional systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:106801. [PMID: 20867536 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of hopping conductance on temperature and voltage for an ensemble of modestly long one-dimensional wires is studied numerically using the shortest-path algorithm. In a wide range of parameters this dependence can be approximated by a power law rather than the usual stretched-exponential form. The relation to recent experiments and prior analytical theory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rodin
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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32
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Goh M, Matsushita T, Satake H, Kyotani M, Akagi K. Macroscopically Aligned Helical Polyacetylene Synthesized in Magnetically Oriented Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Field. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1009726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munju Goh
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsushita
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hikaru Satake
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Mutsumasa Kyotani
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kazuo Akagi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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33
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Rahman A, Sanyal MK. Bias dependent crossover from variable range hopping to power law characteristics in the resistivity of polymer nanowires. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:175301. [PMID: 21393667 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/17/175301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The electronic transport properties of ultra-low doped conducting polymer nanowires exhibit characteristics of a pinned one-dimensional Wigner crystal (1D WC) due to the long range electron-electron interaction at low temperature (<30 K). These wires also show characteristics of three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D VRH) at higher temperature. Here we report a resistivity study of these nanowires as a function of the bias around and above 30 K, to show that a crossover takes place from 3D VRH to power law behavior as the bias voltage or current is increased from a low to a relatively high value. The experimental results for this temperature range show several similarities to the theoretically predicted properties of disordered Lüttinger liquid, though at lower temperature the characteristics of the 1D WC are obtained for these nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atikur Rahman
- Surface Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
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34
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Kyotani M, Matsushita S, Goh M, Nagai T, Matsui Y, Akagi K. Entanglement-free fibrils of aligned polyacetylene films that produce single nanofibers. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:509-514. [PMID: 20644752 DOI: 10.1039/b9nr00254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An aligned polyacetylene (PA) film was synthesized in a macroscopically-aligned nematic liquid crystal (N-LC) solvent using a gravity-flow method. Long and single nanofibers of less than 100 nm in radius were successfully prepared by ultrasonication of the aligned PA film immersed in ethanol. The usual PA film was synthesized in an isotropic solvent, such as toluene, only yielding short and non-dispersed fibers after the ultrasonication due to the entangled fibril morphology. Entanglement-free fibrils of the aligned PA were well-separated into single fibrils through ultrasonication, even without a surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumasa Kyotani
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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35
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36
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Goh M, Matsushita S, Akagi K. From helical polyacetylene to helical graphite: synthesis in the chiral nematic liquid crystal field and morphology-retaining carbonisation. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:2466-76. [DOI: 10.1039/b907990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Goh M, Piao G, Kyotani M, Akagi K. Cis-Rich Helical Polyacetylene Synthesized in Low-Temperature Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munju Goh
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Guangzhe Piao
- Institute of Material Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Mutsumasa Kyotani
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kazuo Akagi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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38
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Akagi K. Helical Polyacetylene: Asymmetric Polymerization in a Chiral Liquid-Crystal Field. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5354-401. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900198k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Akagi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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39
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Yuen JD, Menon R, Coates NE, Namdas EB, Cho S, Hannahs ST, Moses D, Heeger AJ. Nonlinear transport in semiconducting polymers at high carrier densities. NATURE MATERIALS 2009; 8:572-575. [PMID: 19503066 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conducting and semiconducting polymers are important materials in the development of printed, flexible, large-area electronics such as flat-panel displays and photovoltaic cells. There has been rapid progress in developing conjugated polymers with high transport mobility required for high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs), beginning with mobilities around 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) to a recent report of 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT). Here, the electrical properties of PBTTT are studied at high charge densities both as the semiconductor layer in FETs and in electrochemically doped films to determine the transport mechanism. We show that data obtained using a wide range of parameters (temperature, gate-induced carrier density, source-drain voltage and doping level) scale onto the universal curve predicted for transport in the Luttinger liquid description of the one-dimensional 'metal'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Yuen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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40
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Thapa PS, Ackerson BJ, Grischkowsky DR, Flanders BN. Directional growth of metallic and polymeric nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:235307. [PMID: 19448294 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/23/235307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work delineates the mechanism by which directional nanowire growth occurs in the directed electrochemical nanowire assembly (DENA) technique for growing nanowires on micro-electrode arrays. Indium, polythiophene, and polypyrrole nanowires are the subjects of this study. This technique allows the user to specify the growth path without the use of a mechanical template. Nanowire growth from a user-selected electrode to within +/- 3 microm of the straight line path to a second electrode lying within a approximately 140 degrees angular range and a approximately 100 microm radius of the selected electrode is demonstrated. Theory for one-dimensional electrochemical diffusion in the inter-electrode region reveals that screening of the applied voltage is incomplete, allowing a long range voltage component to extend from the biased to the grounded electrode. Numerical analysis of two-dimensional multi-electrode arrays shows that a linear ridge of electric field maxima bridges the gap between selected electrodes but decays in all other directions. The presence of this anisotropic, long range voltage defines the wire growth path and suppresses the inherent tip splitting tendency of amorphous polymeric materials. This technology allows polythiophene and polypyrrole to be grown as wires rather than fractal aggregates or films, establishing DENA as an on-chip approach to both crystalline metallic and amorphous polymeric nanowire growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem S Thapa
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3072, USA
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41
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Samitsu S, Takanishi Y, Yamamoto J. Self-Assembly and One-Dimensional Alignment of a Conducting Polymer Nanofiber in a Nematic Liquid Crystal. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900826h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaki Samitsu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takanishi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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42
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Lu HH, Lin CY, Hsiao TC, Fang YY, Ho KC, Yang D, Lee CK, Hsu SM, Lin CW. Electrical properties of single and multiple poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires for sensing nitric oxide gas. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 640:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Martín J, Mijangos C. Tailored polymer-based nanofibers and nanotubes by means of different infiltration methods into alumina nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:1181-1187. [PMID: 19138163 DOI: 10.1021/la803127w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Template synthesis is one of the most effective methods for the preparation of one-dimensional polymer-based nanostructures (1DPNs). Both hollow nanotubes and solid nanorods or nanofibers with tailored dimensions can be obtained by simply templating a porous material with suitable pore size. The mechanism of polymer infiltration into the pores is also very important in order to obtain the desired one-dimensional nanostructures and to control their final morphology. In this study, several infiltration methods were explored with the aim to obtain different 1DPNs. It was shown that, with these infiltration methods, it is possible to obtain nanofibers and nanotubes of any diameter and length composed of polymers with a wide chemical nature (poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinylidene fluoride), etc.), or even composed of nanoparticulate composites. Finally, the selection of infiltration method for desired nanostructure is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Samitsu S, Shimomura T, Heike S, Hashizume T, Ito K. Effective Production of Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Nanofibers by means of Whisker Method using Anisole Solvent: Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801128v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaki Samitsu
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5-603 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan, Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan, Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan, and WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimomura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5-603 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan, Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan, Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan, and WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Heike
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5-603 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan, Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan, Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan, and WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomihiro Hashizume
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5-603 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan, Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan, Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan, and WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5-603 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan, Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan, Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan, and WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Mtsuko D, Avnon A, Lievonen J, Ahlskog M, Menon R. Electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole nanolayers on discontinuous ultrathin gold films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:125304. [PMID: 21817725 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/12/125304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin layers of polypyrrole (PPy) were electrochemically grown between microelectrodes on a Si/SiO(2) substrate. Conducting nanolayers of PPy are directly grown onto ultrathin discontinuous gold (Au) film between the microelectrodes, with thicknesses in the range 10-100 nm. The system therefore forms a novel (PPy/Au) nanocomposite conductor. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and conductivity measurements indicate that at all thicknesses a relatively uniform film is formed but with significant roughness that reflects the roughness of the metallic island layer. In PPy/Au films with thickness ∼10 nm, the small barriers around the gold islands dominate the conduction, and as the film thickness increases to 100 nm the intrinsic conductivity of highly doped PPy dominates the charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mtsuko
- Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, POB 35 (YFL), FI-40014, Finland
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Rahman A, Sanyal MK, Gangopadhayy R, De A. Enhancement of electron–electron interactions in chemically synthesized polymer nanowires. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Goh M, Kyotani M, Akagi K. Highly Twisted Helical Polyacetylene with Morphology Free From the Bundle of Fibrils Synthesized in Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Reaction Field. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8519-27. [PMID: 17579404 DOI: 10.1021/ja070701x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized novel axially chiral binaphthyl derivatives with highly twisting powers by substituting phenylcyclohexyl (PCH) mesogenic moieties into 2,2' positions or 2,2',6,6' positions of binaphthyl rings. The di- and tetrasubstituted binaphthyl derivatives, abbreviated as D-1 and D-2, respectively, were adopted as chiral dopants to induce chiral nematic liquid crystals (N*-LCs) available for synthesis of helical polyacetylene. The helical twisting power (betaM) of D-2 was 449 microm(-1), which was ca. 2.6 times larger than that of D-1 (171 microm(-1)). We prepared two kinds of induced N*-LCs with 5 microm and 270 nm in helical pitch by adding the chiral dopants D-1 and D-2 into the host N-LCs, respectively. The helical polyacetylene synthesized in the N*-LC containing D-2 exhibited highly screwed fibrils, but not a bundle of fibrils. This result is in quite contrast to the usual fibril morphology, where the screwed fibrils are gathered to form the bundle of fibrils, as observed in the helical polyacetylene synthesized in the N*-LC containing a chiral dopant with moderate helical twisting power, such as D-1. It is of keen interest that the helical pitch (270 nm) of the N*-LC including D-2 is much smaller than the diameter (ca. 1 microm) of the bundle of fibrils, which should depress the formation of the bundle of fibrils. The morphology free from the bundle of fibrils might enable us to evaluate more precisely intrinsic electromagnetic properties of a single screwed fibril of helical polyacetylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munju Goh
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Che Y, Datar A, Yang X, Naddo T, Zhao J, Zang L. Enhancing One-Dimensional Charge Transport through Intermolecular π-Electron Delocalization: Conductivity Improvement for Organic Nanobelts. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6354-5. [PMID: 17465546 DOI: 10.1021/ja070164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Che
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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