1
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Duan J, Wang J, Hou L, Ji P, Zhang W, Liu J, Zhu X, Sun Z, Ma Y, Ma L. Application of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy in the Studies of Colloidal Quantum Qots. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300120. [PMID: 37255365 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots display remarkable optical and electrical characteristics with the potential for extensive applications in contemporary nanotechnology. As an ideal instrument for examining surface topography and local density of states (LDOS) at an atomic scale, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) has become indispensable approaches to gain better understanding of their physical properties. This article presents a comprehensive review of the research advancements in measuring the electronic orbits and corresponding energy levels of colloidal quantum dots in various systems using STM and STS. The first three sections introduce the basic principles of colloidal quantum dots synthesis and the fundamental methodology of STM research on quantum dots. The fourth section explores the latest progress in the application of STM for colloidal quantum dot studies. Finally, a summary and prospective is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Duan
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Liangpeng Hou
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Peixuan Ji
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Wusheng Zhang
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Jin Liu
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Zhixiang Sun
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Yanqing Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and NanoSystems, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
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2
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Freeney SE, Slot MR, Gardenier TS, Swart I, Vanmaekelbergh D. Electronic Quantum Materials Simulated with Artificial Model Lattices. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:198-224. [PMID: 35726276 PMCID: PMC9204828 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
band structure and electronic properties of a material are
defined by the sort of elements, the atomic registry in the crystal,
the dimensions, the presence of spin–orbit coupling, and the
electronic interactions. In natural crystals, the interplay of these
factors is difficult to unravel, since it is usually not possible
to vary one of these factors in an independent way, keeping the others
constant. In other words, a complete understanding of complex electronic
materials remains challenging to date. The geometry of two- and one-dimensional
crystals can be mimicked in artificial lattices. Moreover, geometries
that do not exist in nature can be created for the sake of further
insight. Such engineered artificial lattices can be better controlled
and fine-tuned than natural crystals. This makes it easier to vary
the lattice geometry, dimensions, spin–orbit coupling, and
interactions independently from each other. Thus, engineering and
characterization of artificial lattices can provide unique insights.
In this Review, we focus on artificial lattices that are built atom-by-atom
on atomically flat metals, using atomic manipulation in a scanning
tunneling microscope. Cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy allows
for consecutive creation, microscopic characterization, and band-structure
analysis by tunneling spectroscopy, amounting in the analogue quantum
simulation of a given lattice type. We first review the physical elements
of this method. We then discuss the creation and characterization
of artificial atoms and molecules. For the lattices, we review works
on honeycomb and Lieb lattices and lattices that result in crystalline
topological insulators, such as the Kekulé and “breathing”
kagome lattice. Geometric but nonperiodic structures such as electronic
quasi-crystals and fractals are discussed as well. Finally, we consider
the option to transfer the knowledge gained back to real materials,
engineered by geometric patterning of semiconductor quantum wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoirsé E. Freeney
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute of Nanomaterial Science, University of Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlou R. Slot
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute of Nanomaterial Science, University of Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas S. Gardenier
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute of Nanomaterial Science, University of Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Swart
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute of Nanomaterial Science, University of Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute of Nanomaterial Science, University of Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Zaum C, Osterloh N, Darkins R, Duffy DM, Morgenstern K. Real-space observation of surface structuring induced by ultra-fast-laser illumination far below the melting threshold. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13269. [PMID: 34168174 PMCID: PMC8225848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense short laser pulses are an intriguing tool for tailoring surface properties via ultra-fast melting of the surface layer of an irradiated target. Despite extensive studies on the interaction of femto-second laser interaction with matter, the initial steps of the morphological changes are not yet fully understood. Here, we reveal that substantial surface structure changes occur at energy densities far below the melting threshold. By using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy we resolve atomic-scale changes, i.e. the creation of nanosized adatom and vacancy clusters. The two cluster types have distinct non-linear fluence-dependencies. A theoretical analysis reveals their creation and motion to be non-thermal in nature. The formation of these atomistic changes, individually resolved here for the first time, recast our understanding of how surfaces respond to low-intensity ultra-short laser illumination. A visualization and control of the initial morphological changes upon laser illumination are not only of fundamental interest, but pave the way for the designing material properties through surface structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Zaum
- Abteilung für atomare und molekulare Strukturen (ATMOS), Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Osterloh
- Lehrstuhl für physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Darkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - D M Duffy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - K Morgenstern
- Lehrstuhl für physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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4
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Hernández-López L, Piquero-Zulaica I, Downing CA, Piantek M, Fujii J, Serrate D, Ortega JE, Bartolomé F, Lobo-Checa J. Searching for kagome multi-bands and edge states in a predicted organic topological insulator. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5216-5223. [PMID: 33661272 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mixed honeycomb-kagome lattices featuring metal-organic networks have been theoretically proposed as topological insulator materials capable of hosting nontrivial edge states. This new family of so-called "organic topological insulators" are purely two-dimensional and combine polyaromatic-flat molecules with metal adatoms. However, their experimental validation is still pending given the generalized absence of edge states. Here, we generate one such proposed network on a Cu(111) substrate and study its morphology and electronic structure with the purpose of confirming its topological properties. The structural techniques reveal a practically flawless network that results in a kagome network multi-band observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. However, at the network island borders we notice the absence of edge states. Bond-resolved imaging of the network exhibits an unexpected structural symmetry alteration that explains such disappearance. This collective lifting of the network symmetry could be more general than initially expected and provide a simple explanation for the recurrent experimental absence of edge states in predicted organic topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Hernández-López
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Charles A Downing
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Marten Piantek
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jun Fujii
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - David Serrate
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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5
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Fernández J, Roura-Bas P, Aligia AA. Theory of Differential Conductance of Co on Cu(111) Including Co s and d Orbitals, and Surface and Bulk Cu States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:046801. [PMID: 33576682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.046801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the theory of the Kondo effect observed by a scanning-tunneling microscope (STM) for transition-metal atoms (TMAs) on noble-metal surfaces, including d and s orbitals of the TMA, surface and bulk conduction states of the metal, and their hopping to the tip of the STM. Fitting the experimentally observed STM differential conductance for Co on Cu(111) including both the Kondo feature near the Fermi energy and the resonance below the surface band, we conclude that the STM senses mainly the Co s orbital and that the Kondo antiresonance is due to interference between states with electrons in the s orbital and a localized d orbital mediated by the conduction states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fernández
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina, Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1025 CABA, Argentina
| | - P Roura-Bas
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina, Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1025 CABA, Argentina
| | - A A Aligia
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina, Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1025 CABA, Argentina
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6
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Li S, Duan S, Zha Z, Pan J, Sun L, Liu M, Deng K, Xu X, Qiu X. Structural Phase Transitions of Molecular Self-Assembly Driven by Nonbonded Metal Adatoms. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6331-6338. [PMID: 32396329 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of metal atoms in molecular assemblies has enriched the structural and functional diversity of two-dimensional supramolecular networks, where metal atoms are incorporated into the architecture via coordination or ionic bonding. Here we present a temperature-variable study of the self-assembly of the 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TriBB) molecule on Cu(111) that reveals the involvement of nonbonded adatoms in the molecular matrix. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate the molecular-level details of a phase transition of TriBB assembly from the close-packed to porous honeycomb structures at 78 K. This is an unexpected transformation because the close-packed phase is thermodynamically favored in view of its higher molecular density and more intermolecular bonds as compared to the honeycomb lattice. A comprehensive density functional theory calculation suggests that Cu adatoms should be involved in the formation of the honeycomb network, where the Cu adatoms help stabilize the molecular assembly via enhanced van der Waals interactions between TriBB molecules and the underlying substrate. Both calculation and experimental results suggest no chemical bonding or direct charge transfer between the adatoms and the molecules, thus the electronic characteristics of the Cu adatoms trapped in the molecular confinement are close to the intrinsic ones on a clean metal surface and different from those in the traditional coordination-bonded framework. The nonbonded metal adatoms embedded self-assemblies may complement the metal-organic coordination system and can be used to tailor the chemical reactivity and electronic properties of supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P.R. China
| | - Sai Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zeqi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Luye Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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7
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Piquero-Zulaica I, Sadeghi A, Kherelden M, Hua M, Liu J, Kuang G, Yan L, Ortega JE, El-Fattah ZMA, Azizi B, Lin N, Lobo-Checa J. Electron Transmission through Coordinating Atoms Embedded in Metal-Organic Nanoporous Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:266805. [PMID: 31951458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.266805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On-surface metal-organic nanoporous networks generally refer to adatom coordinated molecular arrays, which are characterized by the presence of well-defined and regular nanopores. These periodic structures constructed using two types of components confine the surface electrons of the substrate within their nanocavities. However, the confining (or scattering) strength that individual building units exhibit is a priori unknown. Here, we study the modification of the substrate's surface electrons by the interaction with a Cu-coordinated TPyB metal-organic network formed on Cu(111) and disentangle the scattering potentials and confinement properties. By means of STM and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we find almost unperturbed free-electron-like states stemming from the rather weak electron confinement that yields significant coupling between adjacent pores. Electron plane wave expansion simulations match the superlattice induced experimental electronic structure, which features replicating bands and energy renormalization effects. Notably, the electrostatic potential landscape obtained from our ab initio calculations suggests that the molecules are the dominant scattering entities while the coordination metal atoms sandwiched between them act as leaky channels. These metal atom transmission conduits facilitate and enhance the coupling among quantum dots, which are prone to be exploited to engineer the electronic structure of surface electron gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, 19839 Tehran, Iran
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kherelden
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muqing Hua
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Universidad del País Vasco, Dpto. Física Aplicada I, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Behnam Azizi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, 19839 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Piquero-Zulaica I, Li J, Abd El-Fattah ZM, Solianyk L, Gallardo I, Monjas L, Hirsch AKH, Arnau A, Ortega JE, Stöhr M, Lobo-Checa J. Surface state tunable energy and mass renormalization from homothetic quantum dot arrays. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23132-23138. [PMID: 31793595 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot arrays in the form of molecular nanoporous networks are renowned for modifying the electronic surface properties through quantum confinement. Here we show that, compared to the pristine surface state, the band bottom of the confined states can exhibit downward shifts accompanied by a lowering of the effective masses simultaneous to the appearance of tiny gaps at the Brillouin zone boundaries. We observed these effects by angle resolved photoemission for two self-assembled homothetic (scalable) Co-coordinated metal-organic networks. Complementary scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements confirmed these findings. Electron plane wave expansion simulations and density functional theory calculations provide insight into the nature of this phenomenon, which we assign to metal-organic overlayer-substrate interactions in the form of adatom-substrate hybridization. To date, the absence of the experimental band structure resulting from single metal adatom coordinated nanoporous networks has precluded the observation of the significant surface state renormalization reported here, which we infer to be general for low interacting and well-defined adatom arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain. and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain and Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City E-11884 Cairo, Egypt and ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonid Solianyk
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Iker Gallardo
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Leticia Monjas
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands and Department for Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andres Arnau
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain. and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain and Dpto. de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain. and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain and Universidad del País Vasco, Dpto. Física Aplicada I, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Niu T, Zhou W, Zhou D, Hu X, Zhang S, Zhang K, Zhou M, Fuchs H, Zeng H. Modulating Epitaxial Atomic Structure of Antimonene through Interface Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902606. [PMID: 31157463 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimonene, a new semiconductor with fundamental bandgap and desirable stability, has been experimentally realized recently. However, epitaxial growth of wafer-scale single-crystalline monolayer antimonene preserving its buckled configuration remains a daunting challenge. Here, Cu(111) and Cu(110) are chosen as the substrates to fabricate high-quality, single-crystalline antimonene via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Surface alloys form spontaneously after the deposition and postannealing of Sb on two substrates that show threefold and twofold symmetry with different lattice constants. Increasing the coverage leads to the epitaxial growth of two atomic types of antimonene, both exhibiting a hexagonal lattice but with significant difference in lattice constants, which are observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements reveal the strain-induced tunable bandgap, in agreement with the first-principles calculations. The results show that epitaxial growth of antimonene on different substrates allow the electronic properties of these films to be tuned by substrate-induced strain and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchao Niu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, No. 200, Xiaolingwei, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenhan Zhou
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, No. 200, Xiaolingwei, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dechun Zhou
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, No. 200, Xiaolingwei, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xuemin Hu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, No. 200, Xiaolingwei, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, No. 200, Xiaolingwei, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, No. 200, Xiaolingwei, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Harald Fuchs
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, No. 200, Xiaolingwei, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Haibo Zeng
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, No. 200, Xiaolingwei, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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10
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Queck F, Krejčí O, Scheuerer P, Bolland F, Otyepka M, Jelínek P, Repp J. Bonding Motifs in Metal–Organic Compounds on Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12884-12889. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Queck
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ondrej Krejčí
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic
- COMP Center of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Philipp Scheuerer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Bolland
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jascha Repp
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Schiffrin A, Capsoni M, Farahi G, Wang CG, Krull C, Castelli M, Roussy T, Cochrane KA, Yin Y, Medhekar NV, Fuhrer M, Shaw AQ, Ji W, Burke SA. Designing Optoelectronic Properties by On-Surface Synthesis: Formation and Electronic Structure of an Iron-Terpyridine Macromolecular Complex. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6545-6553. [PMID: 29911862 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry protocols applied on surfaces offer compelling avenues for atomic-scale control over organic-inorganic interface structures. In this approach, adsorbate-surface interactions and two-dimensional confinement can lead to morphologies and properties that differ dramatically from those achieved via conventional synthetic approaches. Here, we describe the bottom-up, on-surface synthesis of one-dimensional coordination nanostructures based on an iron (Fe)-terpyridine (tpy) interaction borrowed from functional metal-organic complexes used in photovoltaic and catalytic applications. Thermally activated diffusion of sequentially deposited ligands and metal atoms and intraligand conformational changes lead to Fe-tpy coordination and formation of these nanochains. We used low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory to elucidate the atomic-scale morphology of the system, suggesting a linear tri-Fe linkage between facing, coplanar tpy groups. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals the highest occupied orbitals, with dominant contributions from states located at the Fe node, and ligand states that mostly contribute to the lowest unoccupied orbitals. This electronic structure yields potential for hosting photoinduced metal-to-ligand charge transfer in the visible/near-infrared. The formation of this unusual tpy/tri-Fe/tpy coordination motif has not been observed for wet chemistry synthetic methods and is mediated by the bottom-up on-surface approach used here, offering pathways to engineer the optoelectronic properties and reactivity of metal-organic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Schiffrin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z1
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Martina Capsoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z1
| | - Gelareh Farahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z1
| | - Chen-Guang Wang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cornelius Krull
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Marina Castelli
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Tanya Roussy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z1
| | - Katherine A Cochrane
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z1
| | - Yuefeng Yin
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Nikhil V Medhekar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Michael Fuhrer
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Adam Q Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z1
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sarah A Burke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z1
- Quantum Matter Institute , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z4
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , V6T 1Z1
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12
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Schouteden K, Debehets J, Muzychenko D, Li Z, Seo JW, Van Haesendonck C. Adsorption of Te atoms on Au(1 1 1) and the emergence of an adatom-induced bound state. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:125001. [PMID: 28177927 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa5b82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the adsorption of Te adatoms on Au(1 1 1), which are identified and investigated relying on scanning tunnelling microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and density functional theory. The Te adatoms lift the 23 × √3 surface reconstruction of the Au(1 1 1) support and their organization is similar to that of previously reported chalcogen adatoms on Au(1 1 1), which are also known to lift the herringbone reconstruction and can adopt a (√3 × √3)R30° structure. The adatoms show strong interaction with the Au(1 1 1) surface, resulting in scattering and confinement of the Au surface state (SS) electrons near the Fermi level. More remarkably, scanning tunnelling spectroscopy reveals the existence of an electronic resonance at high voltages well above the Fermi level. This resonance can be interpreted as a bound state that is split off from the bottom of the Au(1 1 1) bulk conduction band. A similar split-off state may exist for other types of adatoms on metallic surfaces that exhibit a surface band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Schouteden
- Solid-State Physics and Magnetism Section, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Peyrot D, Silly F. Enhancing intramolecular features and identifying defects in organic and hybrid nanoarchitectures on a metal surface at room temperature using a NaCl-functionalized scanning tunneling microscopy tip. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy using an NaCl-functionalised tip is a powerful method to assess the morphology of two-dimensional nanoarchitectures and their local variations of electronic properties.
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14
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Ormaza M, Robles R, Bachellier N, Abufager P, Lorente N, Limot L. On-Surface Engineering of a Magnetic Organometallic Nanowire. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:588-593. [PMID: 26650920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of the molecular spin state by atom doping is an attractive strategy to confer desirable magnetic properties to molecules. Here, we present the formation of novel magnetic metallocenes by following this approach. In particular, two different on-surface procedures to build isolated and layer-integrated Co-ferrocene (CoFc) molecules on a metallic substrate via atomic manipulation and atom deposition are shown. The structure as well as the electronic properties of the so-formed molecule are investigated combining scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations. It is found that unlike single ferrocene a CoFc molecule possesses a magnetic moment as revealed by the Kondo effect. These results correspond to the first controlled procedure toward the development of tailored metallocene-based nanowires with a desired chemical composition, which are predicted to be promising materials for molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Ormaza
- IPCMS, CNRS UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg , 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Roberto Robles
- ICN2 - Institut Català de Nanociéncia i Nanotecnologia , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Nicolas Bachellier
- IPCMS, CNRS UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg , 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paula Abufager
- ICN2 - Institut Català de Nanociéncia i Nanotecnologia , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Instituto de Física de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Avenida Pellegrini 250 (2000) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Lorente
- ICN2 - Institut Català de Nanociéncia i Nanotecnologia , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Laurent Limot
- IPCMS, CNRS UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg , 67034 Strasbourg, France
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15
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Li Z, Chen HYT, Schouteden K, Lauwaet K, Janssens E, Van Haesendonck C, Pacchioni G, Lievens P. Lateral manipulation of atomic vacancies in ultrathin insulating films. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5318-5325. [PMID: 25769024 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last 20 years, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy, scientists have successfully achieved vertical and lateral repositioning of individual atoms on and in different types of surfaces. Such atom manipulation allows the bottom-up assembly of novel nanostructures that can otherwise not be fabricated. It is therefore surprising that controlled repositioning of virtual atoms, i.e., atomic vacancies, across atomic lattices has not yet been achieved experimentally. Here we use STM at liquid helium temperature (4.5 K) to create individual Cl vacancies and subsequently to laterally manipulate them across the surface of ultrathin sodium chloride films. This allows monitoring the interactions between two neighboring vacancies with different separations. Our findings are corroborated by density functional theory calculations and STM image simulations. The lateral manipulation of atomic vacancies opens up a new playground for the investigation of fundamental physical properties of vacancy nanostructures of any size and shape and their coupling with the supporting substrate, and of the interaction of various deposits with charged vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- †Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 d, Box 2414, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Koen Schouteden
- †Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 d, Box 2414, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- †Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 d, Box 2414, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- †Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 d, Box 2414, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Haesendonck
- †Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 d, Box 2414, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Peter Lievens
- †Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 d, Box 2414, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Iancu V, Braun KF, Schouteden K, Van Haesendonck C. Inducing magnetism in pure organic molecules by single magnetic atom doping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:106102. [PMID: 25238370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on in situ chemical reactions between an organic trimesic acid (TMA) ligand and a Co atom center. By varying the substrate temperature, we are able to explore the Co-TMA interactions and create novel magnetic complexes that preserve the chemical structure of the ligands. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations, we elucidate the structure and the properties of the newly synthesized complex at atomic or molecular size level. Hybridization between the atomic orbitals of the Co and the π orbitals of the ligand results in a delocalized spin distribution onto the TMA. The here demonstrated possibility to conveniently magnetize such versatile molecules opens up new potential applications for TMAs in molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Iancu
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Schouteden
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Heinrich BW, Limot L, Rastei MV, Iacovita C, Bucher JP, Djimbi DM, Massobrio C, Boero M. Dispersion and localization of electronic states at a ferrocene/Cu(111) interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:216801. [PMID: 22181906 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.216801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy combined with first-principles simulations reveal a nondissociative physisorption of ferrocene molecules on a Cu(111) surface, giving rise to ordered molecular layers. At the interface, a 2D-like electronic band is found, which shows an identical dispersion as the Cu(111) Shockley surface-state band. Subsequent deposition of Cu atoms forms charged organometallic compounds that localize interface-state electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, France
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18
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Volosniev AG, Fedorov DV, Jensen AS, Zinner NT. Model independence in two dimensions and polarized cold dipolar molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:250401. [PMID: 21770613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.250401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the energy and wave functions of two particles confined to two spatial dimensions interacting via arbitrary anisotropic potentials with negative or zero net volume. The general rigorous analytic expressions are given in the weak coupling limit where universality or model independence are approached. The monopole part of anisotropic potentials is crucial in the universal limit. We illustrate the universality with a system of two arbitrarily polarized cold dipolar molecules in a bilayer. We discuss the transition to universality as a function of polarization and binding energy and compare analytic and numerical results obtained by the stochastic variational method. The universal limit is essentially reached for experimentally accessible strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Volosniev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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19
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STM Manipulation of Single Atoms and Molecules on Insulating Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-096355-6.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Björk J, Matena M, Dyer MS, Enache M, Lobo-Checa J, Gade LH, Jung TA, Stöhr M, Persson M. STM fingerprint of molecule–adatom interactions in a self-assembled metal–organic surface coordination network on Cu(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8815-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c003660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Díaz-Tendero S, Fölsch S, Olsson FE, Borisov AG, Gauyacq JP. Electron propagation along Cu nanowires supported on a Cu(111) surface. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2712-2717. [PMID: 18671440 DOI: 10.1021/nl801045b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a joint experimental-theoretical study of the one-dimensional band of excited electronic states with sp character localized on Cu nanowires supported on a Cu(111) surface. Energy dispersion and lifetime of these states have been obtained, allowing the determination of the mean distance traveled by an excited electron along the nanowire before it escapes into the substrate. We show that a Cu nanowire supported on a Cu(111) surface can guide a one-dimensional electron flux over a short distance and thus can be considered as a possible component for nanoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires, UMR 8625, Batiment 351, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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22
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Pavlyukh Y, Berakdar J, Hübner W. Decay of hybridized electronic states of a Na cluster on Cu(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:116103. [PMID: 18517800 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.116103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of a Na9+ cluster are markedly changed when deposited on a Cu(001) surface. Particularly, the lifetime of the (hybridized) single-particle electronic states are drastically enhanced indicating a change in electronic correlations upon absorption. To capture this effect, we developed a Green's function approach based on the configuration interaction technique. The calculated lifetimes (16.5 to 33 fs) of excited electronic states are in line with experimental observations. Our new method demonstrates the feasibility of accounting accurately for electronic correlation in large, nonperiodic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pavlyukh
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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23
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Overgaag K, Liljeroth P, Grandidier B, Vanmaekelbergh D. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of individual PbSe quantum dots and molecular aggregates stabilized in an inert nanocrystal matrix. ACS NANO 2008; 2:600-606. [PMID: 19206586 DOI: 10.1021/nn7003876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The electronic local density of states (LDOS) of single PbSe quantum dots (QDs) and QD molecules is explored using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). Both individual PbSe QDs and molecular aggregates of PbSe QDs (dimers, trimers, etc.) are mechanically stabilized in a two-dimensional superlattice of wide band gap CdSe QDs acting as an inert matrix. The LDOS measured at individual QDs dispersed in the matrix is identical to that of single isolated QDs chemically linked to a substrate. We investigate the degree of quantum mechanical coupling between the PbSe QDs in molecular aggregates by comparing the LDOS measured at each site in the aggregates to that of an individual PbSe QD. We observe a variable broadening of the resonances indicating a spatially dependent degree of electron delocalization in the molecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Overgaag
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, PO Box 80 000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Perraud S, Kanisawa K, Wang ZZ, Fujisawa T. Direct measurement of the binding energy and bohr radius of a single hydrogenic defect in a semiconductor quantum well. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:056806. [PMID: 18352411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.056806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy under ultrahigh vacuum was used to study donor point defects located at the epitaxial surface of an In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As quantum well. The electronic local density of states was measured with nanoscale resolution in the vicinity of single defects. In this way, both the binding energy and the Bohr radius of the defects could be determined. The binding energy and the Bohr radius were found to be functions of the quantum well thickness, in quantitative agreement with variational calculations of hydrogenic impurity states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perraud
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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25
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Lagoute J, Nacci C, Fölsch S. Doping of monatomic Cu chains with single Co atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:146804. [PMID: 17501302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.146804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Close-packed Co-Cu chains of various length and composition were assembled from single Co and Cu atoms on Cu(111) by atom manipulation in a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Local spectroscopy reveals significant electronic Co-Cu coupling leading to confined quantum states delocalized along the heteroatomic chain. Composite Co-Cu chains provide a model case in which the quantum state of an atomic-scale host structure can be tuned by the controlled incorporation of foreign atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lagoute
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Chulkov EV, Borisov AG, Gauyacq JP, Sanchez-Portal D, Silkin VM, Zhukov VP, Echenique PM. Electronic Excitations in Metals and at Metal Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4160-206. [PMID: 17031983 DOI: 10.1021/cr050166o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E V Chulkov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastian/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain.
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27
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Liu C, Matsuda I, Hobara R, Hasegawa S. Interaction between adatom-induced localized states and a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:036803. [PMID: 16486752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.036803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate changes in the band dispersion of a free-electron-like surface state of [FORMULA: SEE TEXT], induced by adsorption of submonolayer Au adatoms. At room temperature, where the adatoms are in a two-dimensional adatom-gas phase, electrons are transferred from the Au adatoms to the substrate, shifting the surface band downwards and causing it to deviate from a parabolic dispersion. At 135 K where the Au adatoms are frozen at specific sites of the substrate, the band splits into two. This band splitting can be explained in terms of hybridization between the unperturbed surface band and the localized virtual bound states induced by the Au adatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Liu
- Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Repp J, Meyer G, Paavilainen S, Olsson FE, Persson M. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of Cl vacancies in NaCl films: strong electron-phonon coupling in double-barrier tunneling junctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:225503. [PMID: 16384232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.225503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Broad Gaussian line shapes are observed in scanning tunneling spectroscopy of single, localized electronic states induced by Cl vacancies in ultrathin NaCl films on Cu surfaces. Using a simple inelastic resonance tunneling model, we show that the observed broad line shapes are caused by a strong coupling between the localized state and the optical phonons in the film. The parameters for the model are obtained from density functional calculations, in which the occupation of the vacancy state temporarily taking place in the experiment has also been accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jascha Repp
- IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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Lagoute J, Liu X, Fölsch S. Link between adatom resonances and the Cu(111) Shockley surface state. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:136801. [PMID: 16197162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.136801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at 7 K was used to assemble and characterize native adatom islands of successive size on the Cu(111) surface. Starting from the single adatom we observe the formation of a series of quantum states which merge into the well known two-dimensional Shockley surface state in the limit of large islands. Our experiments reveal a natural physical link between this fundamental surface property and the sp(z) hybrid resonance associated with the single Cu/Cu(111) adatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lagoute
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Berlin, Germany
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Scanning tunneling microscopy single atom/molecule manipulation and its application to nanoscience and technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1116/1.1990161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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