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Luo X, Sun X, Yi Z, Lin L, Ning Y, Fu Q, Bao X. Periodic Arrays of Metal Nanoclusters on Ultrathin Fe-Oxide Films Modulated by Metal-Oxide Interactions. JACS AU 2023; 3:176-184. [PMID: 36711105 PMCID: PMC9875227 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of highly stable and active metal catalysts requires a deep understanding of metal-support interactions at the atomic scale. Here, ultrathin films of FeO and FeO2-x grown on Pt(111) are used as templates for the construction of well-defined metal nanoclusters. Periodic arrays of Cu clusters in the form of monomers and trimers are preferentially located at FCC domains of FeO/Pt(111) surface, while the selective location of Cu clusters at FeO2 domains is observed on FeO2-x /Pt(111) surface. The preferential nucleation and formation of well-ordered Cu clusters are driven by different interactions of Cu with the Fe oxide domains in the sequence of FeO2-FCC > FeO-FCC > FeO-HCP > FeO-TOP, which is further validated by density functional theory calculations. It has been revealed that the p-band center as a reactivity descriptor of surface O atoms determines the interaction between metal adatoms and Fe oxides. The modulated metal-oxide interaction provides guidance for the rational design of supported single-atom and nanocluster catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuda Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
- Zhang
Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Zhiyu Yi
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Le Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
- Dalian
National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
- Dalian
National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
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2
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Liu Y, Han Z, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Levchenko SV, Kuhlenbeck H, Roldan Cuenya B. Adatom Bonding Sites in a Nickel‐Fe
3
O
4
(001) Single‐Atom Model Catalyst and O
2
Reactivity Unveiled by Surface Action Spectroscopy with Infrared Free‐Electron Laser Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Interface Science Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Zhongkang Han
- Center for Energy Science and Technology Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Blvd. 30/1 121205 Moscow Russia
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Molecular Physics Department Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Molecular Physics Department Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sergey V. Levchenko
- Center for Energy Science and Technology Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Blvd. 30/1 121205 Moscow Russia
| | - Helmut Kuhlenbeck
- Department of Interface Science Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
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3
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Liu Y, Han Z, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Levchenko SV, Kuhlenbeck H, Roldan Cuenya B. Adatom Bonding Sites in a Nickel-Fe 3 O 4 (001) Single-Atom Model Catalyst and O 2 Reactivity Unveiled by Surface Action Spectroscopy with Infrared Free-Electron Laser Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202561. [PMID: 35502625 PMCID: PMC9400859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Single-atom (SA) catalysis presently receives much attention with its promise to decrease the cost of the active material while increasing the catalyst's performance. However, key details such as the exact location of SA species and their stability are often unclear due to a lack of atomic level information. Here, we show how vibrational spectra measured with surface action spectroscopy (SAS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations can differentiate between different adatom binding sites and determine the location of Ni and Au single atoms on Fe3 O4 (001). We reveal that Ni and Au adatoms selectively bind to surface oxygen ions which are octahedrally coordinated to Fe ions. In addition, we find that the Ni adatoms can activate O2 to superoxide in contrast to the bare surface and Ni in subsurface positions. Overall, we unveil the advantages of combining SAS and DFT for improving the understanding of single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhongkang Han
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Blvd. 30/1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Molecular Physics Department, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Molecular Physics Department, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey V Levchenko
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Blvd. 30/1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helmut Kuhlenbeck
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Geng Y, Li H. Hydrogen Spillover-Enhanced Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrodeoxygenation for Biomass Upgrading. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102495. [PMID: 35230748 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is regarded as a promising technology for biomass upgrading to obtain sustainable and competitive chemicals and fuels. In fact, biomass HDO over heterogeneous solid catalysts is often accompanied by the phenomenon of hydrogen spillover, which further affects the catalytic performance. Thus, it is necessary to gain in-depth understand the promoting effect of hydrogen spillover in the biomass HDO process to obtain desired conversion and selectivity. This Review summarized the extensive research on hydrogen spillover in biomass refining and discussed in detail the regulation mechanism of hydrogen spillover in biomass HDO process, mainly by regulating different active center sites on catalyst supports, such as metal sites, acid sites, surface functional groups, and defective sites, which exhibit independent and synergistic characteristics promoting catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability. Finally, the prospective of hydrogen spillover in biomass HDO applications was critically evaluated, and the key technical challenges in developing "hydrogen-free" HDO and upgrading biofuels were highlighted. The presentation of hydrogen spillover-enhanced catalytic biomass HDO in this Review will hopefully provide insight and guidance for further development of efficient catalysts and preparation of high-value chemicals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Geng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
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5
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Ilunga AK, Mamba BB, Nkambule TT. Methyl orange degradation enhanced by hydrogen spillover onto platinum nanocatalyst surface. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali K. Ilunga
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (NanoWS) Research Unit University of South Africa (UNISA Science Campus) Florida (Johannesburg) PO Box 392 South Africa
| | - Bhekie B. Mamba
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (NanoWS) Research Unit University of South Africa (UNISA Science Campus) Florida (Johannesburg) PO Box 392 South Africa
| | - Thabo T.I. Nkambule
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (NanoWS) Research Unit University of South Africa (UNISA Science Campus) Florida (Johannesburg) PO Box 392 South Africa
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6
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Kephart JA, Romero CG, Tseng CC, Anderton KJ, Yankowitz M, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Hierarchical nanosheets built from superatomic clusters: properties, exfoliation and single-crystal-to-single-crystal intercalation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10744-10751. [PMID: 34094327 PMCID: PMC8162370 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03506h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuning the properties of atomic crystals in the two-dimensional (2D) limit is synthetically challenging, but critical to unlock their potential in fundamental research and nanotechnology alike. 2D crystals assembled using superatomic blocks could provide a route to encrypt desirable functionality, yet strategies to link the inorganic blocks together in predetermined dimensionality or symmetry are scarce. Here, we describe the synthesis of anisotropic van der Waals crystalline frameworks using the designer superatomic nanocluster Co3(py)3Co6Se8L6 (py = pyridine, L = Ph2PN(Tol)), and ditopic linkers. Post-synthetically, the 3D crystals can be mechanically exfoliated into ultrathin flakes (8 to 60 nm), or intercalated with the redox-active guest tetracyanoethylene in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation. Extensive characterization, including by single crystal X-ray diffraction, reveals how intrinsic features of the nanocluster, such as its structure, chirality, redox-activity and magnetic profile, predetermine key properties of the emerging 2D structures. Within the nanosheets, the strict and unusual stereoselectivity of the nanocluster's Co edges for the low symmetry (α,α,β) isomer gives rise to in-plane structural anisotropy, while the helically chiral nanoclusters self-organize into alternating Δ- and Λ-homochiral rows. The nanocluster's high-spin Co edges, and its rich redox profile make the nanosheets both magnetically and electrochemically active, as revealed by solid state magnetic and cyclic voltammetry studies. The length and flexibility of the ditopic linker was varied, and found to have a secondary effect on the structure and stacking of the nanosheets within the 3D crystals. With these results we introduce a deterministic and versatile synthetic entry to programmable functionality and symmetry in 2D superatomic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Catherine G Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Physics, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Matthew Yankowitz
- Department of Physics, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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7
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Template Assisted Nucleation of Cobalt and Gold Nano-clusters on an Ultrathin Iron Oxide Film. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Hsia CL, Wang JH, Luo MF. Adsorption of an Au atom and dimer on a thin θ-Al2O3/NiAl(100) film: dependence on the thickness of the θ-Al2O3 film. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2642-2652. [PMID: 35541469 PMCID: PMC9077467 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13081c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With calculations based on density-functional theory (DFT) we investigated the adsorption of a single Au atom and a dimer on thin θ-Al2O3(001) films supported on NiAl(100). The interaction of the Au adsorbates with the surface was shown to depend on the thickness of the film. The adsorption energy for an Au atom on θ-Al2O3(001)/NiAl(100) of film thickness ≤four atomic layers was significantly enhanced—over three times that on a bulk θ-Al2O3(001) surface, and accompanied with a shortened Au-oxide bond and an uplifted Au-binding Al. The strong Au-surface interaction involved a decreased work function of θ-Al2O3(001)/NiAl(100) and consequently drove charge to transfer from the substrate to the adsorbed Au atom; the charge was transferred from NiAl, through alumina, on monolayer θ-Al2O3(001)/NiAl(100), but directly from alumina on thicker layers. For an Au dimer, both upright (end-on) and flat-lying (side-on) geometries existed. The flat-lying dimer was preferred on mono- and tri-layer alumina films, having a greater adsorption energy but a weakened Au–Au bond, whereas the upright geometry prevailed for films of other thickness, having a weaker adsorption energy and being less charged, similar to that on a bulk θ-Al2O3(001) surface. The results imply an opportunity to control the properties and morphologies of metal clusters supported on an oxide film by tuning its thickness. The adsorption behavior of a single Au atom and a dimer on thin-film θ-Al2O3(001)/NiAl(100) varies with the thickness of the film.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lun Hsia
- Department of Physics
- National Central University
- Taoyuan 32001
- Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fan Luo
- Department of Physics
- National Central University
- Taoyuan 32001
- Taiwan
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9
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Liu Y, Ning Y, Yu L, Zhou Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, Xiao J, Liu P, Yang F, Bao X. Structure and Electronic Properties of Interface-Confined Oxide Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11449-11458. [PMID: 29035514 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The controlled fabrication of nanostructures has often used a substrate template to mediate and control the growth kinetics. Electronic substrate-mediated interactions have been demonstrated to guide the assembly of organic molecules or the nucleation of metal atoms but usually at cryogenic temperatures, where the diffusion has been limited. Combining STM, STS, and DFT studies, we report that the strong electronic interaction between transition metals and oxides could indeed govern the growth of low-dimensional oxide nanostructures. As a demonstration, a series of FeO triangles, which are of the same structure and electronic properties but with different sizes (side length >3 nm), are synthesized on Pt(111). The strong interfacial interaction confines the growth of FeO nanostructures, leading to a discrete size distribution and a uniform step structure. Given the same interfacial configuration, as-grown FeO nanostructures not only expose identical edge/surface structure but also exhibit the same electronic properties, as manifested by the local density of states and local work functions. We expect the interfacial confinement effect can be generally applied to control the growth of oxide nanostructures on transition metal surfaces. These oxide nanostructures of the same structure and electronic properties are excellent models for studies of nanoscale effects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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10
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Template Effect of the Graphene Moiré Lattice on Phthalocyanine Assembly. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050731. [PMID: 28467367 PMCID: PMC6154495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Superstructures of metal-free phthalocyanine (2H-Pc) molecules on graphene-covered Ir(111) have been explored by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Depending on the sub-monolayer coverage different molecular assemblies form at the surface. They reflect the transition from a graphene template effect on the 2H-Pc arrangement to molecular superstructures that are mainly governed by the intermolecular coupling.
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11
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Repp J, Steurer W, Scivetti I, Persson M, Gross L, Meyer G. Charge-State-Dependent Diffusion of Individual Gold Adatoms on Ionic Thin NaCl Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:146102. [PMID: 27740810 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.146102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is known that individual metal atoms on insulating ionic films can occur in several different (meta)stable charge states, which can be reversibly switched in a controlled fashion. Here we show that the diffusion of gold adatoms on NaCl thin films depends critically on their charge state. Surprisingly, the anionic species has a lower diffusion barrier than the neutral one. Furthermore, for the former we observe that the diffusion atop a bilayer of NaCl is strongly influenced by the interface between NaCl and the underlying copper substrate. This effect disappears for a trilayer of NaCl. These observations open the prospect of controlling the diffusion properties of individual metal atoms on thin insulating films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Scivetti
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Mats Persson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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12
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Ahmadi M, Mistry H, Roldan Cuenya B. Tailoring the Catalytic Properties of Metal Nanoparticles via Support Interactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3519-33. [PMID: 27530730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of new catalysts for energy technology and environmental remediation requires a thorough knowledge of how the physical and chemical properties of a catalyst affect its reactivity. For supported metal nanoparticles (NPs), such properties can include the particle size, shape, composition, and chemical state, but a critical parameter which must not be overlooked is the role of the NP support. Here, we highlight the key mechanisms behind support-induced enhancement in the catalytic properties of metal NPs. These include support-induced changes in the NP morphology, stability, electronic structure, and chemical state, as well as changes in the support due to the NPs. Utilizing the support-dependent phenomena described in this Perspective may allow significant breakthroughs in the design and tailoring of the catalytic activity and selectivity of metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - H Mistry
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Department of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum , 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - B Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum , 44801 Bochum, Germany
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13
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Merte LR, Heard CJ, Zhang F, Choi J, Shipilin M, Gustafson J, Weaver JF, Grönbeck H, Lundgren E. Tuning the Reactivity of Ultrathin Oxides: NO Adsorption on Monolayer FeO(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Merte
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Heard
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Juhee Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Jason F. Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
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14
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Merte LR, Heard CJ, Zhang F, Choi J, Shipilin M, Gustafson J, Weaver JF, Grönbeck H, Lundgren E. Tuning the Reactivity of Ultrathin Oxides: NO Adsorption on Monolayer FeO(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9267-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Merte
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Heard
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Juhee Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Mikhail Shipilin
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Johan Gustafson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Jason F. Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
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15
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Tanaka M. Microscopic characterization of Fe nanoparticles formed on SrTiO3(001) and SrTiO3(110) surfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:817-24. [PMID: 27547598 PMCID: PMC4979761 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fe nanoparticles grown on SrTiO3 (STO) {001} and {110} surfaces at room temperature have been studied in ultrahigh vacuum by means of transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. It was shown that some Fe nanoparticles grow epitaxially. They exhibit a modified Wulff shape: nanoparticles on STO {001} surfaces have truncated pyramid shapes while those on STO {110} surfaces have hexagonal shapes. From profile-view TEM images, approximate values of the adhesion energy of the nanoparticles for both shapes are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoko Tanaka
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
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16
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17
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Artiglia L, Cavaliere E, Gavioli L, Rizzi GA. Interaction of iron with a wagon wheel-like ultrathin TiOx film grown on Pt(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18055-62. [PMID: 26099576 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fe migration through a TiOx ultrathin film grown on Pt(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Artiglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Emanuele Cavaliere
- i-LAMP & Department of Mathematics and Physics
- Catholic University
- I-25121 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Luca Gavioli
- i-LAMP & Department of Mathematics and Physics
- Catholic University
- I-25121 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Gian Andrea Rizzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
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18
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19
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Prada S, Giordano L, Pacchioni G, Noguera C, Goniakowski J. Properties of Pt-supported iron oxide ultra-thin films: Similarity of Hubbard-corrected and hybrid density functional theory description. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:144702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4897196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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20
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Merte LR, Bechstein R, Peng G, Rieboldt F, Farberow CA, Zeuthen H, Knudsen J, Lægsgaard E, Wendt S, Mavrikakis M, Besenbacher F. Water clustering on nanostructured iron oxide films. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4193. [PMID: 24979078 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion of water to solid surfaces is characterized by the tendency to balance competing molecule-molecule and molecule-surface interactions. Hydroxyl groups form strong hydrogen bonds to water molecules and are known to substantially influence the wetting behaviour of oxide surfaces, but it is not well-understood how these hydroxyl groups and their distribution on a surface affect the molecular-scale structure at the interface. Here we report a study of water clustering on a moiré-structured iron oxide thin film with a controlled density of hydroxyl groups. While large amorphous monolayer islands form on the bare film, the hydroxylated iron oxide film acts as a hydrophilic nanotemplate, causing the formation of a regular array of ice-like hexameric nanoclusters. The formation of this ordered phase is localized at the nanometre scale; with increasing water coverage, ordered and amorphous water are found to coexist at adjacent hydroxylated and hydroxyl-free domains of the moiré structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Merte
- 1] Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark [2] Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ralf Bechstein
- 1] Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark [2]
| | - Guowen Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Felix Rieboldt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carrie A Farberow
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Helene Zeuthen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Knudsen
- 1] Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark [2]
| | - Erik Lægsgaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefan Wendt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Baviloliaei MS, Diekhöner L. Molecular self-assembly at nanometer scale modulated surfaces: trimesic acid on Ag(111), Cu(111) and Ag/Cu(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11265-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01429d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A modulated substrate strongly influences the self-assembly of trimesic acid: from disorder at room temperature to perfect order upon annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Diekhöner
- Aalborg Universitet
- Institut for Fysik og Nanoteknologi
- 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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22
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Adsorption and Diffusion of 4d and 5d Transition Metal Adatoms on Graphene/Ru(0001) and the Implications for Cluster Nucleation. Top Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-013-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Ouyang R, Li WX. Adsorbed CO induced change of the adsorption site and charge of Au adatoms on FeO(111)/Ru(0001). CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(12)60664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Spectroscopic Evidences of Charge Transfer Phenomena and Stabilization of Unusual Phases at Iron Oxide Monolayers Grown on Pt(111). Top Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-013-0072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Wagner M, Negreiros FR, Sementa L, Barcaro G, Surnev S, Fortunelli A, Netzer FP. Nanostripe pattern of NaCl layers on Cu(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:216101. [PMID: 23745897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.216101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A sodium chloride monolayer on a Cu(110) surface gives rise to a highly corrugated periodic nanostripe pattern of the (100) lattice as observed by scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. As revealed by density-functional calculations, this pattern is a consequence of the frustration of the overlayer-substrate chemical bonding produced by epitaxial mismatch. The coexistence of regions of strong Cu-Cl covalent and weak nonbonding interactions leads to a chemically induced topographic modulation here realized in a two-dimensional dielectric. The carpetlike growth of the NaCl layer across Cu step edges induces a distinct contrast inversion in the stripe pattern as a result of the change in epitaxial relationship due to the stacking sequence of the (110) Cu layers. It is demonstrated that the competition between local substrate-overlayer and intraoverlayer interactions can support a well-defined heteroepitaxial relationship of a ionic dielectric film and a metal surface, with important consequences for the nanoscale morphology and related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wagner
- Surface and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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26
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Semidey-Flecha L, Teng D, Habenicht BF, Sholl DS, Xu Y. Adsorption and diffusion of the Rh and Au adatom on graphene moiré/Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2013; 138:184710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4803893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Woodruff DP. Quantitative Structural Studies Of Corundum and Rocksalt Oxide Surfaces. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3863-86. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Noguera
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR 7588, CNRS, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jacek Goniakowski
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR 7588, CNRS, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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29
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Joshi S, Ecija D, Koitz R, Iannuzzi M, Seitsonen AP, Hutter J, Sachdev H, Vijayaraghavan S, Bischoff F, Seufert K, Barth JV, Auwärter W. Boron nitride on Cu(111): an electronically corrugated monolayer. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5821-8. [PMID: 23083003 DOI: 10.1021/nl303170m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin films of boron nitride (BN) have recently attracted considerable interest given their successful incorporation in graphene nanodevices and their use as spacer layers to electronically decouple and order functional adsorbates. Here, we introduce a BN monolayer grown by chemical vapor deposition of borazine on a single crystal Cu support, representing a model system for an electronically patterned but topographically smooth substrate. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experiments evidence a weak bonding of the single BN sheet to Cu, preserving the insulating character of bulk hexagonal boron nitride, combined with a periodic lateral variation of the local work function and the surface potential. Complementary density functional theory calculations reveal a varying registry of the BN relative to the Cu lattice as origin of this electronic Moiré-like superstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushobhan Joshi
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James Franck Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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30
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Lichtenstein L, Heyde M, Ulrich S, Nilius N, Freund HJ. Probing the properties of metal-oxide interfaces: silica films on Mo and Ru supports. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:354010. [PMID: 22899226 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/35/354010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of metal-oxide interactions on the workfunction and band alignment in thin oxide films is investigated for silica mono- and bilayers grown on Mo(112) and Ru(0001) supports. By analyzing the position of field-emission resonances and the Kelvin-probe signal deduced from conductance and force spectroscopy, we have identified a substantial lowering of the workfunction in the monolayer films, with the oxide bands shifting accordingly. We explain this observation with a stronger coupling and a shorter binding length of the silica monolayer to the metal substrate, which removes the effect of electron spill-out, produces a positive interface dipole and reduces the workfunction of the system. In contrast, the van der Waals bound bilayer film interacts only weakly with the Ru support, conserving the effect of electron spill-out and keeping the workfunction high. Direct evidence for the relevance of interface interactions comes from experiments on buckled silica films, for which regular workfunction modulations are revealed that follow the topographic height of the film above the metal surface.
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31
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Novotný Z, Argentero G, Wang Z, Schmid M, Diebold U, Parkinson GS. Ordered array of single adatoms with remarkable thermal stability: Au/Fe3O4(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:216103. [PMID: 23003284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.216103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold deposited on the Fe3O4(001) surface at room temperature was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This surface forms a (√2 × √2)R45° reconstruction, where pairs of Fe and neighboring O ions are slightly displaced laterally producing undulating rows with "narrow" and "wide" hollow sites. At low coverages, single Au adatoms adsorb exclusively at the narrow sites, with no significant sintering up to annealing temperatures of 400 °C. We propose the strong site preference to be related to charge and orbital ordering within the first subsurface layer of Fe3O4(001)-(√2 × √2)R45°. Because of its high thermal stability, this could prove an ideal model system for probing the chemical reactivity of single atomic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyněk Novotný
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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32
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Qin Z, Liu C, Chen J, Guo Q, Yu Y, Cao G. Molecular orientation and lattice ordering of C60 molecules on the polar FeO/Pt(111) surface. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:024701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3676087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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34
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35
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Enders A, Skomski R, Honolka J. Magnetic surface nanostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:433001. [PMID: 21403321 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/43/433001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends in the emerging field of surface-supported magnetic nanostructures are reviewed. Current strategies for nanostructure synthesis are summarized, followed by a predominantly theoretical description of magnetic phenomena in surface magnetic structures and a review of experimental research in this field. Emphasis is on Fe- or Co-based nanostructures in various low-dimensional geometries, which are studied as model systems to explore the effects of dimensionality, atomic coordination, chemical bonds, alloying and, most importantly, interactions with the supporting substrate on the magnetism. This review also includes a discussion of closely related systems, such as 3d element impurities integrated into organic networks, surface-supported Fe-based molecular magnets, Kondo systems or 4d element nanostructures that exhibit emergent magnetism, thereby bridging the traditional areas of surface science, molecular physics and nanomagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Enders
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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36
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Sun YN, Giordano L, Goniakowski J, Lewandowski M, Qin ZH, Noguera C, Shaikhutdinov S, Pacchioni G, Freund HJ. The Interplay between Structure and CO Oxidation Catalysis on Metal-Supported Ultrathin Oxide Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4418-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Sun YN, Giordano L, Goniakowski J, Lewandowski M, Qin ZH, Noguera C, Shaikhutdinov S, Pacchioni G, Freund HJ. The Interplay between Structure and CO Oxidation Catalysis on Metal-Supported Ultrathin Oxide Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Martinez U, Giordano L, Pacchioni G. Mechanism of Charging of Au Atoms and Nanoclusters on Li Doped SiO2/Mo(112) Films. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:412-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Martinez
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi, 53-20125 Milano, Italy
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39
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Gopakumar T, Néel N, Kröger J, Berndt R. Spatial modulation of d states in a nanoscale Co island. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Martinez U, Jerratsch JF, Nilius N, Giordano L, Pacchioni G, Freund HJ. Tailoring the interaction strength between gold particles and silica thin films via work function control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:056801. [PMID: 19792522 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to modify the adsorption properties of a porous silica/Mo(112) film by controlling its work function has been studied by a combined STM and density-functional theory approach. While the original film is inert towards metal adsorption, Au atoms and clusters can be stabilized on the surface after Li doping. The Li atoms penetrate the topmost silica layer and bind as Li+ cations at the metal-oxide interface, thereby reducing the oxide work function. This induces a charge transfer into Au adatoms, which in turn enables strong Au-silica interaction mediated by a polaronic distortion of the oxide lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Martinez
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi, 53 - 20125 Milano, Italy
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41
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Ruffieux P, Aït-Mansour K, Bendounan A, Fasel R, Patthey L, Gröning P, Gröning O. Mapping the electronic surface potential of nanostructured surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:086807. [PMID: 19257772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.086807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for the quantitative determination of the surface potential landscape of nanostructured surfaces based on the local analysis of the lowest field emission resonances by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The method has a lateral resolution of approximately 1 nm and is applied to elucidate the site-specific adsorption properties of the strain relief pattern formed by two monolayers of Ag on Pt(111). For the example of C60 fullerenes, we show that the surface potential difference of up to 0.35 eV is responsible for the site-selective immobilization on the strain relief pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland.
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42
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Rizzi GA, Sedona F, Artiglia L, Agnoli S, Barcaro G, Fortunelli A, Cavaliere E, Gavioli L, Granozzi G. Au nanoparticles on a templating TiOx/Pt(111) ultrathin polar film: a photoemission and photoelectron diffraction study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:2177-85. [DOI: 10.1039/b819791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Cavaliere E, Kholmanov I, Gavioli L, Sedona F, Agnoli S, Granozzi G, Barcaro G, Fortunelli A. Directed assembly of Au and Fe nanoparticles on a TiOx/Pt(111) ultrathin template: the role of oxygen affinity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:11305-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b915641k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Risse T, Shaikhutdinov S, Nilius N, Sterrer M, Freund HJ. Gold supported on thin oxide films: from single atoms to nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:949-56. [PMID: 18616299 DOI: 10.1021/ar800078m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text]. Historically, people have prized gold for its beauty and the durability that resulted from its chemical inertness. However, even the ancient Romans had noted that finely dispersed gold can give rise to particular optical phenomena. A decade ago, researchers found that highly dispersed gold supported on oxides exhibits high chemical activity in a number of reactions. These chemical and optical properties have recently prompted considerable interest in applications of nanodispersed gold. Despite their broad use, a microscopic understanding of these gold-metal oxide systems lags behind their application. Numerous studies are currently underway to understand why supported nanometer-sized gold particles show catalytic activity and to explore possible applications of their optical properties in photonics and biology. This Account focuses on a microscopic understanding of the gold-substrate interaction and its impact on the properties of the adsorbed gold. Our strategy uses model systems in which gold atoms and clusters are supported on well-ordered thin oxide films grown on metal single crystals. As a result, we can investigate the systems with the rigor of modern surface science techniques while incorporating some of the complexity found in technological applications. We use a variety of different experimental methods, namely, scanning probe techniques (scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, STM and STS), as well as infrared (IR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, to evaluate these interactions and combine these results with theoretical calculations. We examined the properties of supported gold with increasing complexity starting from single gold atoms to one- and two-dimensional clusters and three-dimensional particles. These investigations show that the binding of gold on oxide surfaces depends on the properties of the oxide, which leads to different electronic properties of the Au deposits. Changes in the electronic structure, namely, the charge state of Au atoms and clusters, can be induced by surface defects such as color centers. Interestingly, the film thickness can also serve as a parameter to alter the properties of Au. Thin MgO films (two to three monolayer thickness) stabilize negatively charged Au atoms and two-dimensional Au particles. In three dimensions, the properties of Au particles bigger than 2-3 nm in diameter are largely independent of the support. Smaller three-dimensional particles, however, showed differences based on the supporting oxide. Presumably, the oxide support stabilizes particular atomic configurations, charge states, or electronic properties of the ultrasmall Au aggregates, which are in turn responsible for this distinct chemical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Risse
- Department of Chemical Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shamil Shaikhutdinov
- Department of Chemical Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Nilius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Department of Chemical Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Freund
- Department of Chemical Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Plank-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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45
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Ulrich S, Nilius N, Freund H, Martinez U, Giordano L, Pacchioni G. Evidence for a Size‐Selective Adsorption Mechanism on Oxide Surfaces: Pd and Au atoms on SiO2/Mo(112). Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1367-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Giordano L, Pacchioni G, Goniakowski J, Nilius N, Rienks EDL, Freund HJ. Charging of metal adatoms on ultrathin oxide films: Au and Pd on FeO/Pt(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:026102. [PMID: 18764201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.026102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined experimental (STM/scanning tunneling spectroscopy) and theoretical (density functional theory) study on the deposition of Au and Pd metal atoms on FeO/Pt(111) ultrathin films. We show that while the Pd atoms are only slightly oxidized, the Au atoms form positive ions upon deposition, at variance to a charge transfer into the Au atoms as observed for MgO/Ag(100). The modulation of the adsorption properties within the surface Moiré cell and the charging induce the formation a self-assembled array of gold adatoms on FeO/Pt(111), whereas Pd atoms are randomly distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi, 53-20125 Milano, Italy
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47
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Martinez U, Giordano L, Pacchioni G. Tuning the work function of ultrathin oxide films on metals by adsorption of alkali atoms. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:164707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2905218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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48
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Adsorption of transition metal atoms on the NiO(100) surface and on NiO/Ag(100) thin films. Theor Chem Acc 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-008-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Freund HJ, Pacchioni G. Oxide ultra-thin films on metals: new materials for the design of supported metal catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:2224-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b718768h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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50
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Barcaro G, Fortunelli A, Granozzi G. Metal adsorption on oxide polar ultrathin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1876-82. [DOI: 10.1039/b719346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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