1
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Koller M, Jung F, Phrompao J, Zeppenfeld M, Rabey IM, Rempe G. Electric-Field-Controlled Cold Dipolar Collisions between Trapped CH_{3}F Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:203401. [PMID: 35657871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reaching high densities is a key step toward cold-collision experiments with polyatomic molecules. We use a cryofuge to load up to 2×10^{7} CH_{3}F molecules into a boxlike electric trap, achieving densities up to 10^{7}/cm^{3} at temperatures around 350 mK where the elastic dipolar cross section exceeds 7×10^{-12} cm^{2}. We measure inelastic rate constants below 4×10^{-8} cm^{3}/s and control these by tuning a homogeneous electric field that covers a large fraction of the trap volume. Comparison to ab initio calculations gives excellent agreement with dipolar relaxation. Our techniques and findings are generic and immediately relevant for other cold-molecule collision experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Phrompao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Zeppenfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I M Rabey
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Kapranov SV, Kouzaev GA. Nonlinear dynamics of dipoles in microwave electric field of a nanocoaxial tubular reactor. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1524526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Kapranov
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guennadi A. Kouzaev
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Bohn JL, Rey AM, Ye J. Cold molecules: Progress in quantum engineering of chemistry and quantum matter. Science 2017; 357:1002-1010. [PMID: 28883071 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cooling atoms to ultralow temperatures has produced a wealth of opportunities in fundamental physics, precision metrology, and quantum science. The more recent application of sophisticated cooling techniques to molecules, which has been more challenging to implement owing to the complexity of molecular structures, has now opened the door to the longstanding goal of precisely controlling molecular internal and external degrees of freedom and the resulting interaction processes. This line of research can leverage fundamental insights into how molecules interact and evolve to enable the control of reaction chemistry and the design and realization of a range of advanced quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bohn
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
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4
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Okada K, Takada Y, Kimura N, Wada M, Schuessler HA. Development of a wavy Stark velocity filter for studying interstellar chemistry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:083106. [PMID: 28863702 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold polar molecules are key to both the understanding of fundamental physics and the characterization of the chemical evolution of interstellar clouds. To facilitate such studies over a wide range of temperatures, we developed a new type of Stark velocity filter for changing the translational and rotational temperatures of velocity-selected polar molecules without changing the output beam position. The translational temperature of guided polar molecules can be significantly varied by exchanging the wavy deflection section with one having a different radius of the curvature and a different deflection angle. Combining in addition a temperature variable gas cell with the wavy Stark velocity filter enables to observe the translational and rotational temperature dependence of the reaction-rate constants of cold ion-polar molecule reactions over the interesting temperature range of 10-100 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Okada
- Department of Physics, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takada
- Department of Physics, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Naoki Kimura
- Department of Physics, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Michiharu Wada
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hans A Schuessler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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5
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Schätti J, Sezer U, Pedalino S, Cotter JP, Arndt M, Mayor M, Köhler V. Tailoring the volatility and stability of oligopeptides. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:550-556. [PMID: 28608445 PMCID: PMC5601229 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential building blocks of life, and fluorinated derivatives have gained interest in chemistry and medicine. Modern mass spectrometry has enabled the study of oligo- and polypeptides as isolated entities in the gas phase, but predominantly as singly or even multiply charged species. While laser desorption of neutral peptides into adiabatically expanding supersonic noble gas jets is possible, UV-VIS spectroscopy, electric or magnetic deflectometry as well as quantum interferometry would profit from the possibility to prepare thermally slow molecular beams. This has typically been precluded by the fragility of the peptide bond and the fact that a peptide would rather 'fry', i.e. denature and fragment than 'fly'. Here, we explore how tailored perfluoroalkyl functionalization can reduce the intermolecular binding and thus increase the volatility of peptides and compare it to previously explored methylation, acylation and amidation of peptides. We show that this strategy is essential and enables the formation of thermal beams of intact neutral tripeptides, whereas only fragments were observed for an extensively fluoroalkyl-decorated nonapeptide. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Schätti
- University of BaselDepartment of ChemistryBasel4056Switzerland
| | - U. Sezer
- University of ViennaFaculty of PhysicsBoltzmanngasse 51090ViennaAustria
| | - S. Pedalino
- University of ViennaFaculty of PhysicsBoltzmanngasse 51090ViennaAustria
| | - J. P. Cotter
- University of ViennaFaculty of PhysicsBoltzmanngasse 51090ViennaAustria
| | - M. Arndt
- University of ViennaFaculty of PhysicsBoltzmanngasse 51090ViennaAustria
| | - M. Mayor
- University of BaselDepartment of ChemistryBasel4056Switzerland
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute for NanotechnologyHermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - V. Köhler
- University of BaselDepartment of ChemistryBasel4056Switzerland
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6
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Keil M, Amit O, Zhou S, Groswasser D, Japha Y, Folman R. Fifteen years of cold matter on the atom chip: promise, realizations, and prospects. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:1840-1885. [PMID: 27499585 PMCID: PMC4960518 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1178820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we review the field of atom chips in the context of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) as well as cold matter in general. Twenty years after the first realization of the BEC and 15 years after the realization of the atom chip, the latter has been found to enable extraordinary feats: from producing BECs at a rate of several per second, through the realization of matter-wave interferometry, and all the way to novel probing of surfaces and new forces. In addition, technological applications are also being intensively pursued. This review will describe these developments and more, including new ideas which have not yet been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Keil
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Omer Amit
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - David Groswasser
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonathan Japha
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron Folman
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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7
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Bichsel BJ, Alexander J, Dahal P, Morrison MA, Shafer-Ray NE, Abraham ERI. Creation of cold nitric oxide by extraction of the cold fraction of a thermal distribution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:103102. [PMID: 26520935 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a device using the Stark effect to extract the cold fraction of nitric oxide molecules from a warmer thermal distribution. Room temperature NO is cryogenically cooled to 72-82 K and injected into a straight, hexapole guide that uses the Stark effect. By blocking line-of-sight trajectories from the input to the output, primarily the slowest molecules are guided around the obstruction and are transferred into a new chamber. We measure the temperature distribution using a field-stabilized Rydberg time-of-flight technique. A superposition of molecular Rydberg states is excited, sufficiently increasing the lifetime of the excited state for a time-of-flight measurement for cold molecular samples. We produce a continuous source of nitric oxide with temperatures ranging from 7 to 20 K in the lowest ro-vibrational state. The output temperature is controlled by the initial temperature distribution and the guide voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Bichsel
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Jason Alexander
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Parshuram Dahal
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Michael A Morrison
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Neil E Shafer-Ray
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - E R I Abraham
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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8
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Abstract
The field of cold molecules has become an important source of new insight in fundamental chemistry and molecular physics. High-resolution spectroscopy benefits from translationally and internally cold molecules by increased interaction times and reduced spectral congestion. Completely new effects in scattering dynamics become accessible with cold and controlled molecules. Many of these experiments use molecular beams as a starting point for the generation of molecular samples. This review gives an overview of methods to produce beams of cold molecules, starting from supersonic expansions or effusive sources, and provides examples of applications in spectroscopy and molecular dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jankunas
- Institute for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Osterwalder
- Institute for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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González-Martínez ML, Hutson JM. Ultracold hydrogen atoms: a versatile coolant to produce ultracold molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:203004. [PMID: 24289682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically that ultracold hydrogen atoms have very favorable properties for sympathetic cooling of molecules to microkelvin temperatures. We calculate the potential energy surfaces for spin-polarized interactions of H atoms with the prototype molecules NH(3Σ-) and OH(2Π) and show that they are shallow (50 to 80 cm(-1)) and only weakly anisotropic. We carry out quantum collision calculations on H+NH and H+OH and show that the ratio of elastic to inelastic cross sections is high enough to allow sympathetic cooling from temperatures well over 1 K for NH and around 250 mK for OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel L González-Martínez
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham/Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- a ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Roman V. Krems
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- d Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , BC V6T 1Z1, Vancouver , Canada
| | - John M. Doyle
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- e Departments of Chemistry and Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , 47907 , USA
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11
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van de Meerakker SYT, Bethlem HL, Vanhaecke N, Meijer G. Manipulation and Control of Molecular Beams. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4828-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrick L. Bethlem
- Institute for Lasers, Life and
Biophotonics, VU University Amsterdam,
De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanhaecke
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Bâtiment 505, Université Paris-Sud,
91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
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12
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Englert BGU, Mielenz M, Sommer C, Bayerl J, Motsch M, Pinkse PWH, Rempe G, Zeppenfeld M. Storage and adiabatic cooling of polar molecules in a microstructured trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:263003. [PMID: 22243155 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.263003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a versatile electric trap for the exploration of a wide range of quantum phenomena in the interaction between polar molecules. The trap combines tunable fields, homogeneous over most of the trap volume, with steep gradient fields at the trap boundary. An initial sample of up to 10(8), CH(3)F molecules is trapped for as long as 60 s, with a 1/e storage time of 12 s. Adiabatic cooling down to 120 mK is achieved by slowly expanding the trap volume. The trap combines all ingredients for opto-electrical cooling, which, together with the extraordinarily long storage times, brings field-controlled quantum-mechanical collision and reaction experiments within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G U Englert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Dalmonte M, Zoller P, Pupillo G. Trimer liquids and crystals of polar molecules in coupled wires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:163202. [PMID: 22107379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate pairing and crystalline instabilities of bosonic and fermionic polar molecules confined to a ladder geometry. Combining analytical and numerical techniques, we show that gases of composite molecular dimers as well as trimers can be stabilized as a function of the density difference between the wires. A shallow optical lattice can pin both liquids, realizing crystals of composite bosons and fermions. We show that these exotic quantum phases are robust against conditions of confinement of the molecular gas to harmonic finite-size potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dalmonte
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bologna and INFN, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Deiglmayr J, Repp M, Wester R, Dulieu O, Weidemüller M. Inelastic collisions of ultracold polar LiCs molecules with caesium atoms in an optical dipole trap. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19101-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Dalmonte M, Pupillo G, Zoller P. One-dimensional quantum liquids with power-law interactions: the Luttinger staircase. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:140401. [PMID: 21230815 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study one-dimensional fermionic and bosonic gases with repulsive power-law interactions 1/|x|(β), with β>1, in the framework of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory. We obtain an accurate analytical expression linking the TLL parameter to the microscopic Hamiltonian, for arbitrary β and strength of the interactions. In the presence of a small periodic potential, power-law interactions make the TLL unstable towards the formation of a cascade of lattice solids with fractional filling, a "Luttinger staircase." Several of these quantum phases and phase transitions are realized with ground state polar molecules and weakly bound magnetic Feshbach molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dalmonte
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bologna and INFN, via Irnerio 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Capogrosso-Sansone B, Trefzger C, Lewenstein M, Zoller P, Pupillo G. Quantum phases of cold polar molecules in 2D optical lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:125301. [PMID: 20366541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study the quantum phases of hard-core bosonic polar molecules on a two-dimensional square lattice interacting via repulsive dipole-dipole interactions. In the limit of small tunneling, we find evidence for a devil's staircase, where Mott solids appear at rational fillings of the lattice. For finite tunneling, we establish the existence of extended regions of parameters where the ground state is a supersolid, obtained by doping the solids either with particles or vacancies. We discuss the effects of finite temperature and finite-size confining potentials as relevant to experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Capogrosso-Sansone
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center of Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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17
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Viteau M, Chotia A, Sofikitis D, Allegrini M, Bouloufa N, Dulieu O, Comparat D, Pillet P. Broadband lasers to detect and cool the vibration of cold molecules. Faraday Discuss 2010; 142:257-70; discussion 319-34. [PMID: 20151547 DOI: 10.1039/b819697d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By using broadband lasers, we demonstrate the possibilities for control of cold molecules formed via photoassociation. Firstly, we present a detection REMPI scheme (M. Viteau et al., Phys. Rev. A, 2009, 79, 021402) to systematically investigate the mechanisms of formation of ultracold Cs2 molecules in deeply bound levels of their electronic ground state X1sigma(g)+. This broadband detection scheme could be generalized to other molecular species. Then we report a vibrational cooling technique (M. Viteau et al., Science, 2008, 321, 232) through optical pumping obtained by using a shaped mode locked femtosecond laser. The broadband femtosecond laser excites the molecules electronically, leading to a redistribution of the vibrational population in the ground state via a few absorption-spontaneous emission cycles. By removing the laser frequencies corresponding to the excitation of the v = 0 level, we realize a dark state for the so-shaped femtosecond laser, leading, with the successive laser pulses, to an accumulation of the molecules in the v = 0 level, ie. a laser cooling of the vibration. The simulation of the vibrational laser cooling allows us to characterize the criteria to extend the mechanism to other molecular species (R. V. Krems, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem., 2005, 24, 99). We finally discuss the generalization of the technique to laser cooling of the rotation of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Viteau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Bât. 505, 91405 Orsay, France
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18
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Abstract
This review summarizes progress in coherent control as well as relevant recent achievements, highlighting, among several different schemes of coherent control, wave-packet interferometry (WPI). WPI is a fundamental and versatile scenario used to control a variety of quantum systems with a sequence of short laser pulses whose relative phase is finely adjusted to control the interference of electronic or nuclear wave packets (WPs). It is also useful in retrieving quantum information such as the amplitudes and phases of eigenfunctions superposed to generate a WP. Experimental and theoretical efforts to retrieve both the amplitude and phase information are recounted. This review also discusses information processing based on the eigenfunctions of atoms and molecules as one of the modern and future applications of coherent control. The ultrafast coherent control of ultracold atoms and molecules and the coherent control of complex systems are briefly discussed as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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19
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van Buuren LD, Sommer C, Motsch M, Pohle S, Schenk M, Bayerl J, Pinkse PWH, Rempe G. Electrostatic extraction of cold molecules from a cryogenic reservoir. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:033001. [PMID: 19257348 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a method which delivers a continuous, high-density beam of slow and internally cold polar molecules. In our source, warm molecules are first cooled by collisions with a cryogenic helium buffer gas. Cold molecules are then extracted by means of an electrostatic quadrupole guide. For ND3 the source produces fluxes up to (7+/- 4(7)) x 10(10) molecules/s with peak densities up to (1.0+/- 0.6(1.0)) x 10(9) molecules/cm3. For H2CO the population of rovibrational states is monitored by depletion spectroscopy, resulting in single-state populations up to (82+/-10)%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D van Buuren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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20
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21
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Kay JJ, van de Meerakker SYT, Strecker KE, Chandler DW. Production of cold ND3 by kinematic cooling. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:143-53; discussion 221-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b819256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Sommer C, van Buuren LD, Motsch M, Pohle S, Bayerl J, Pinkse PWH, Rempe G. Continuous guided beams of slow and internally cold polar molecules. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:203-20; discussion 221-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b819726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Kollath C, Meyer JS, Giamarchi T. Dipolar bosons in a planar array of one-dimensional tubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:130403. [PMID: 18517922 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate bosonic atoms or molecules interacting via dipolar interactions in a planar array of one-dimensional tubes. We consider the situation in which the dipoles are oriented perpendicular to the tubes by an external field. We find various quantum phases reaching from a "sliding Luttinger liquid" phase to a two-dimensional charge density wave ordered phase. Two different kinds of charge density wave order occur: a stripe phase in which the bosons in different tubes are aligned and a checkerboard phase. We further point out how to distinguish the occurring phases experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kollath
- DPMC-MaNEP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland and Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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24
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Pupillo G, Griessner A, Micheli A, Ortner M, Wang DW, Zoller P. Cold atoms and molecules in self-assembled dipolar lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:050402. [PMID: 18352346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the realization of lattice models, where cold atoms and molecules move as extra particles in a dipolar crystal of trapped polar molecules. The crystal is a self-assembled floating mesoscopic lattice structure with quantum dynamics given by phonons. We show that within an experimentally accessible parameter regime extended Hubbard models with tunable long-range phonon-mediated interactions describe the effective dynamics of dressed particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pupillo
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Kleinert J, Haimberger C, Zabawa PJ, Bigelow NP. Manufacturing a thin wire electrostatic trap for ultracold polar molecules. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:113108. [PMID: 18052466 DOI: 10.1063/1.2815338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed description on how to build a thin wire electrostatic trap (TWIST) for ultracold polar molecules. It is the first design of an electrostatic trap that can be superimposed directly onto a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We can thus continuously produce ultracold polar molecules via photoassociation from a two species MOT and instantaneously trap them in the TWIST without the need for complex transfer schemes. Despite the spatial overlap of the TWIST and the MOT, the two traps can be operated and optimized completely independently due to the complementary nature of the utilized trapping mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kleinert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and The Laboratory for Laser Energetics, The University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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26
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Kleinert J, Haimberger C, Zabawa PJ, Bigelow NP. Trapping of ultracold polar molecules with a thin-wire electrostatic trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:143002. [PMID: 17930666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.143002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe the realization of a dc electric-field trap for ultracold polar molecules, the thin-wire electrostatic trap (TWIST). The thin wires that form the electrodes of the TWIST allow us to superimpose the trap onto a magneto-optical trap (MOT). In our experiment, ultracold polar NaCs molecules in their electronic ground state are created in the MOT via photoassociation, achieving a continuous accumulation in the TWIST of molecules in low-field seeking states. Initial measurements show that the TWIST trap lifetime is limited only by the background pressure in the chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kleinert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and The Laboratory for Laser Energetics, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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27
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Iskin M, Sá de Melo CAR. Ultracold heteronuclear molecules and ferroelectric superfluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:110402. [PMID: 17930415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the possibility of a ferroelectric transition in heteronuclear molecules consisting of Bose-Bose, Bose-Fermi, or Fermi-Fermi atom pairs. This transition is characterized by the appearance of a spontaneous electric polarization below a critical temperature. We discuss the existence of a ferroelectric Fermi liquid phase for Fermi molecules and the existence of a ferroelectric superfluid phase for Bose molecules characterized by the coexistence of ferroelectric and superfluid orders. Lastly, we propose an experiment to detect ferroelectric correlations through the observation of coherent dipole radiation pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iskin
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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28
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Morigi G, Pinkse PWH, Kowalewski M, de Vivie-Riedle R. Cavity cooling of internal molecular motion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:073001. [PMID: 17930891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We predict that it is possible to cool rotational, vibrational, and translational degrees of freedom of molecules by coupling a molecular dipole transition to an optical cavity. The dynamics is numerically simulated for a realistic set of experimental parameters using OH molecules. The results show that the translational motion is cooled to a few muK and the internal state is prepared in one of the two ground states of the two decoupled rotational ladders in a few seconds. Shorter cooling times are expected for molecules with larger polarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morigi
- Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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29
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Sawyer BC, Lev BL, Hudson ER, Stuhl BK, Lara M, Bohn JL, Ye J. Magnetoelectrostatic trapping of ground state OH molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:253002. [PMID: 17678020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.253002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report magnetic confinement of neutral, ground state OH at a density of approximately 3 x 10(3) cm(-3) and temperature of approximately 30 mK. An adjustable electric field sufficiently large to polarize the OH is superimposed on the trap in various geometries, making an overall potential arising from both Zeeman and Stark effects. An effective molecular Hamiltonian is constructed, with Monte Carlo simulations accurately modeling the observed single-molecule dynamics in various trap configurations. Magnetic trapping of cold polar molecules under adjustable electric fields may enable study of low energy dipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Sawyer
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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30
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Schnell M, Lützow P, Veldhoven JV, Bethlem HL, Küpper J, Friedrich B, Schleier-Smith M, Haak H, Meijer G. A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7411-9. [PMID: 17566990 DOI: 10.1021/jp070902n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A linear AC trap for polar molecules in high-field seeking states has been devised and implemented, and its characteristics have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The trap is loaded with slow 15ND3 molecules in their ground state (para-ammonia) from a Stark decelerator. The trap's geometry offers optimal access as well as improved loading. We present measurements of the dependence of the trap's performance on the switching frequency, which exhibit a characteristic structure due to nonlinear resonance effects. The molecules are found to oscillate in the trap under the influence of the trapping forces, which were analyzed using 3D numerical simulations. On the basis of expansion measurements, molecules with a velocity and a position spread of 2.1 m/s and 0.4 mm, respectively, are still accepted by the trap. This corresponds to a temperature of 2.0 mK. From numerical simulations, we find the phase-space volume that can be confined by the trap (the acceptance) to be 50 mm3 (m/s)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schnell
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Campbell WC, Tsikata E, Lu HI, van Buuren LD, Doyle JM. Magnetic trapping and Zeeman relaxation of NH (X3Sigma-). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:213001. [PMID: 17677770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.213001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
NH radicals are magnetically trapped and their Zeeman relaxation and energy transport collision cross sections with helium are measured. Continuous buffer-gas loading of the trap is direct from a room-temperature molecular beam. The Zeeman relaxation (inelastic) cross section of magnetically trapped electronic, vibrational, and rotational ground state NH molecules in collisions with 3He is measured to be 3.8+/-1.1 x 10(-19) cm(2) at 710 mK. The NH-He energy transport cross section is also measured, indicating a ratio of diffusive to inelastic cross sections of gamma=7 x 10(4), in agreement with recent theory [R. V. Krems, H. R. Sadeghpour, A. Dalgarno, D. Zgid, J. Kłos, and G. Chałasiński, Phys. Rev. A 68, 051401 (2003)10.1103/PhysRevA.68.051401].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Campbell
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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32
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Büchler HP, Demler E, Lukin M, Micheli A, Prokof'ev N, Pupillo G, Zoller P. Strongly correlated 2D quantum phases with cold polar molecules: controlling the shape of the interaction potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:060404. [PMID: 17358920 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We discuss techniques to tune and shape the long-range part of the interaction potentials in quantum gases of bosonic polar molecules by dressing rotational excitations with static and microwave fields. This provides a novel tool towards engineering strongly correlated quantum phases in combination with low-dimensional trapping geometries. As an illustration, we discuss the 2D superfluid-crystal quantum phase transition for polar molecules interacting via an electric-field-induced dipole-dipole potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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33
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Ostendorf A, Zhang CB, Wilson MA, Offenberg D, Roth B, Schiller S. Sympathetic cooling of complex molecular ions to millikelvin temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:243005. [PMID: 17280279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.243005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase singly protonated organic molecules of mass 410 Da (Alexa Fluor 350) have been cooled from ambient temperature to the hundred millikelvin range by Coulomb interaction with laser-cooled barium ions. The molecules were generated by an electrospray ionization source, transferred to and stored in a radio-frequency trap together with the atomic ions. Observations are well described by molecular dynamics simulations, which are used to determine the spatial distribution and thermal energy of the molecules. In one example, an ensemble of 830 laser-cooled 138Ba+ ions cooled 200 molecular ions to less than 115 mK. The demonstrated technique should allow a large variety of protonated molecules to be sympathetically cooled, including molecules of much higher mass, such as proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ostendorf
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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