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Abo S, Chimczak G, Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk A, Peřina J, Chhajlany R, Miranowicz A. Hybrid photon-phonon blockade. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17655. [PMID: 36271120 PMCID: PMC9587303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel type of blockade in a hybrid mode generated by linear coupling of photonic and phononic modes. We refer to this effect as hybrid photon-phonon blockade and show how it can be generated and detected in a driven nonlinear optomechanical superconducting system. Thus, we study boson-number correlations in the photon, phonon, and hybrid modes in linearly coupled microwave and mechanical resonators with a superconducting qubit inserted in one of them. We find such system parameters for which we observe eight types of different combinations of either blockade or tunnelling effects (defined via the sub- and super-Poissonian statistics, respectively) for photons, phonons, and hybrid bosons. In particular, we find that the hybrid photon-phonon blockade can be generated by mixing the photonic and phononic modes which do not exhibit blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Abo
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chimczak
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Peřina
- Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics of CAS, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ravindra Chhajlany
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Tiedau J, Engelkemeier M, Brecht B, Sperling J, Silberhorn C. Statistical Benchmarking of Scalable Photonic Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023601. [PMID: 33512183 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeting at the realization of scalable photonic quantum technologies, the generation of many photons, their propagation in large optical networks, and a subsequent detection and analysis of sophisticated quantum correlations are essential for the understanding of macroscopic quantum systems. In this experimental contribution, we explore the joint operation of all mentioned ingredients. We benchmark our time-multiplexing framework that includes a high-performance source of multiphoton states and a large multiplexing network, together with unique detectors with high photon-number resolution, readily available for distributing quantum light and measuring complex quantum correlations. Using an adaptive approach that employs flexible time bins, rather than static ones, we successfully verify high-order nonclassical correlations of many photons distributed over many modes. By exploiting the symmetry of our system and using powerful analysis tools, we can analyze correlations that would be inaccessible by classical means otherwise. In particular, we produce on the order of ten photons and distribute them over 64 modes. Nonclassicality is verified with correlation functions up to the 128th order and statistical significances of up to 20 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tiedau
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - M Engelkemeier
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - B Brecht
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - J Sperling
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - C Silberhorn
- Integrated Quantum Optics Group, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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3
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Peng ZA, Zhao T, Yang GQ, Huang GM, Li GX. Multifold wave-particle quantum correlations in strongly correlated three-photon emissions from filtered resonance fluorescence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22767-22790. [PMID: 32752533 DOI: 10.1364/oe.396684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multifold wave-particle quantum correlations are studied in strongly correlated three-photon emissions from the Mollow triplet via frequency engineering. The nonclassicality and the non-Gaussianity of the filtered field are discussed by correlating intensity signal and correlated balanced homodyne signals. Due to the non-Gaussian fluctuations in the Mollow triplet, new forms of the criterion of nonclassicality for non-Gaussian radiation are proposed by introducing intensity-dual quadrature correlation functions, which contain the information about strongly correlated three-photon emissions of the Mollow triplet. In addition, the time-dependent dynamics of non-Gaussian fluctuations of the filtered field is studied, which displays conspicuous asymmetry. Physically, the asymmetrical evolution of non-Gaussian fluctuations can be attributed to the different transition dynamics of the laser-dressed quantum emitter revealed by the past quantum state and conditional quantum state. Compared with the conventional three-photon intensity correlations that unilaterally reflect the particle properties of radiation, the multifold wave-particle correlation functions we proposed may convey more information about wave-particle duality of radiation, such as the quantum coherence of photon triplet and "which-path" in cascaded photon emissions in atomic systems.
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Xiao K, Pettit RM, Ge W, Nguyen LH, Dadras S, Vamivakas AN, Bhattacharya M. Higher order correlations in a levitated nanoparticle phonon laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:4234-4248. [PMID: 32122080 DOI: 10.1364/oe.384417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present theoretical and experimental investigations of higher order correlations of mechanical motion in the recently demonstrated optical tweezer phonon laser, consisting of a silica nanosphere trapped in vacuum by a tightly focused optical beam [R. M. Pettit et al., Nature Photonics 13, 402 (2019)]. The nanoparticle phonon number probability distribution is modeled with the master equation formalism in order to study its evolution across the lasing threshold. Up to fourth-order equal-time correlation functions are then derived from the probability distribution. Subsequently, the master equation is transformed into a nonlinear quantum Langevin equation for the trapped particle's position. This equation yields the non-equal-time correlations, also up to fourth order. Finally, we present experimental measurements of the phononic correlation functions, which are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. We also compare the experimental data to existing analytical Ginzburg-Landau theory where we find only a partial match.
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Wang W, Hu X, Xu J. Coherent population trapping based atomic reservoir for almost perfect higher-order squeezing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30530-30551. [PMID: 31684299 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to either coherent or dissipative interactions with the coherent population trapping (CPT)-based atoms, the evolutions of the Bogoliubov modes towards the vacuum states have been shown to lead to second-order squeezing of the involved optical fields. Here we push the CPT-based dissipative interactions towards higher-order squeezing, which is not simply determined by second-order squeezing but instead by different criteria involving higher-order moments. It is shown that the CPT-based atomic reservoir supports the dissipative evolution of the Bogoliubov modes almost completely to the vacuum states and then yields almost perfect fourth-order squeezing (90%∼100%). The present mechanism is robust against spontaneous emission since the atoms stay largely in the ground states. As a by-product, a comparison is given with two-level atoms, in which the excitation of a large fraction reduces the degree of higher-order squeezing.
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Experimental identification of non-classicality of noisy twin beams and other related two-mode states. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1460. [PMID: 29362441 PMCID: PMC5780546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Different non-classicality criteria expressed in the form of inequalities among intensity moments and elements of photon-number distributions are applied to noisy twin beams and other two-mode states obtained from a twin beam by using a beam splitter. Their performance in revealing the non-classicality is judged in comparison with the exact results provided by suitable entanglement and local non-classicality quantifiers. Whereas the non-classicality of noisy twin beams is always revealed by these criteria, not all the nonclassical states obtained at the output of the beam splitter can be identified by these experimentally easily reachable criteria.
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Kühn B, Vogel W, Mraz M, Köhnke S, Hage B. Anomalous Quantum Correlations of Squeezed Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:153601. [PMID: 28452516 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three different noise moments of field strength, intensity, and their correlations are simultaneously measured. For this purpose a homodyne cross-correlation measurement [1] is implemented by superimposing the signal field and a weak local oscillator on an unbalanced beam splitter. The relevant information is obtained via the intensity noise correlation of the output modes. Detection details like quantum efficiencies or uncorrelated dark noise are meaningless for our technique. Yet unknown insight in the quantumness of a squeezed signal field is retrieved from the anomalous moment, correlating field strength with intensity noise. A classical inequality including this moment is violated for almost all signal phases. Precognition on quantum theory is superfluous, as our analysis is solely based on classical physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kühn
- Arbeitsgruppe Theoretische Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - W Vogel
- Arbeitsgruppe Theoretische Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Mraz
- Arbeitsgruppe Experimentelle Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Köhnke
- Arbeitsgruppe Experimentelle Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - B Hage
- Arbeitsgruppe Experimentelle Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Arkhipov II, Peřina J, Haderka O, Michálek V. Experimental detection of nonclassicality of single-mode fields via intensity moments. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:29496-29505. [PMID: 28059336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.029496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonclassicality criteria based on intensity moments and derived from the usual matrix approach are compared to those provided by the majorization theory. The majorization theory is shown to give a greater number of more suitable nonclassicality criteria. Fifteen experimentally useful criteria of the majorization theory containing the intensity moments up to the fifth order are identified. Their performance is experimentally demonstrated on the set of eleven potentially nonclassical states generated from a twin beam by postselection based on detecting a given number of photocounts in one arm by using an iCCD camera.
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Kühn B, Vogel W. Unbalanced Homodyne Correlation Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:163603. [PMID: 27152803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.163603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A method is introduced that allows one to measure normal-ordered moments of the displaced photon-number operator up to higher orders, without the need of photon-number resolving detectors. It is based on unbalanced homodyne correlation measurements, with the local oscillator being replaced by a displaced dephased laser. The measured moments yield a simple approximation of quasiprobabilities, representing the full quantum state. Quantum properties of light are efficiently certified through normal-ordered observables directly accessible by our method, which is illustrated for a weakly squeezed vacuum and a single-photon-added thermal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kühn
- Arbeitsgruppe Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - W Vogel
- Arbeitsgruppe Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Nha H, Lee SY, Ji SW, Kim MS. Efficient entanglement criteria beyond Gaussian limits using Gaussian measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:030503. [PMID: 22400723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a formalism to derive entanglement criteria beyond the Gaussian regime that can be readily tested by only homodyne detection. The measured observable is the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation. Its arbitrary functional form enables us to detect non-Gaussian entanglement even when an entanglement test based on second-order moments fails. We illustrate the power of our experimentally friendly criteria for a broad class of non-Gaussian states under realistic conditions. We also show rigorously that quantum teleportation for continuous variables employs a specific functional form of EPR correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Nha
- Department of Physics, Texas A & M University at Qatar, PO Box 23874, Doha, Qatar.
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Grünwald P, Vogel W. Entanglement in atomic resonance fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:233602. [PMID: 20867239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.233602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The resonance fluorescence from regular atomic systems is shown to represent a continuous source of non-gaussian entangled radiation propagating in two different directions. For a single atom entanglement occurs under the same conditions as squeezing. For more atoms, the entanglement can be more robust against dephasing than squeezing, hence providing a useful continuous source for various applications of entangled radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grünwald
- Arbeitsgruppe Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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12
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Avenhaus M, Laiho K, Chekhova MV, Silberhorn C. Accessing higher order correlations in quantum optical states by time multiplexing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:063602. [PMID: 20366820 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally measured higher order normalized correlation functions (NCF) of pulsed light with a time-multiplexing detector. We demonstrate excellent performance of our device by verifying unity valued NCF up to the eighth order for coherent light and factorial dependence of the NCF for pseudothermal light. We applied our measurement technique to a type-II parametric down-conversion source to investigate mutual two-mode correlation properties and ascertain nonclassicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Avenhaus
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Strasse 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Nha H, Zubairy MS. Uncertainty inequalities as entanglement criteria for negative partial-transpose States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:130402. [PMID: 18851423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show that the fulfillment of uncertainty relations is a sufficient criterion for a quantum-mechanically permissible state. We specifically construct two pseudospin observables for an arbitrary nonpositive Hermitian matrix whose uncertainty relation is violated. This method enables us to systematically derive separability conditions for all negative partial-transpose states in experimentally accessible forms. In particular, generalized entanglement criteria are derived from the Schrödinger-Robertson inequalities for bipartite continuous-variable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Nha
- Department of Physics, Texas A & M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
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14
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Abd Al-Kader GM, Obada ASF. On SU(1,1) intelligent coherent states. PHYSICA SCRIPTA 2008; 78:035401. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/78/03/035401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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15
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Vogel W. Nonclassical correlation properties of radiation fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:013605. [PMID: 18232762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.013605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A full characterization of nonclassical space-time-dependent correlations of radiation is formulated in terms of normally and time-ordered field correlation functions. It describes not only the properties of initially prepared multimode radiation fields, but also the dynamics of radiation sources. Some of these correlation effects occur in the resonance fluorescence of a single two-level atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Vogel
- Arbeitsgruppe Quantenoptik, Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
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Obada ASF, Abd Al-Kader GM. Nonlinear squeezed states for SU(1,1) Lie algebra. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D 2007; 41:189-198. [DOI: 10.1140/epjd/e2006-00196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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