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Jiang F, Lu Y, Chen Y. Active control of an electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in a coupled dual bound states in the continuum system integrated with graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9568-9577. [PMID: 38456630 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Electronically induced transparency (EIT) is a coherent optical phenomenon that induces interference within atoms, allowing certain specific frequencies of light to pass through atomic media without being absorbed. However, EIT systems face challenges related to narrow transparency windows and precise control of slow light. We propose an interference structure based on a coupled dual bound states in the continuum (BIC) system to emulate the EIT-like effect. By integrating quasi-BIC (bright mode) with BIC (dark mode), our design successfully achieves an EIT-like effect in a narrow bright mode with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 1 nm. Its notable features are the bright mode's wide tunability achieved through structural parameter adjustment and a significant group delay of up to 14.43 ps. Additionally, integrating graphene into the BIC structure introduced a form of active tunability akin to the EIT-like effect. We numerically calculate the coupling structure, and its intrinsic mechanism is analyzed. Analysis based on coupled-mode theory confirms that this active modulation primarily stems from changes in the BIC structure's loss. Due to its special frequency selectivity and insensitivity to the polarization of the light source, this narrow-band EIT-like structure is particularly suitable for high-precision optical sensing and spectroscopy. The significant group delay of this structure enhances the interaction between light and matter, improving the accuracy and efficiency of optical signal control and data transmission, opening up new avenues for slow light applications and making significant progress in the development of active tunable optical switches and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Erukhimova M, Tokman M. Fluctuation-dissipation relation in a resonantly driven quantum medium. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2739-2742. [PMID: 26076250 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Noise associated with the spontaneous emission in a coherently driven medium is calculated. The significant field-induced modification of relation between the noise power and damping constant in a thermal reservoir is obtained. The nonlinear noise exchange between different atomic frequencies leads to violation of standard relations dictated by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The developed general method is applied to the EIT system, attractive for realization of different quantum-information processing devices. It is shown that there is a significant factor defining the thermal noise at operating frequency in the EIT system. It is the averaged number of thermal photons at low frequency of ground state splitting.
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Reim KF, Nunn J, Jin XM, Michelberger PS, Champion TFM, England DG, Lee KC, Kolthammer WS, Langford NK, Walmsley IA. Multipulse addressing of a Raman quantum memory: configurable beam splitting and efficient readout. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:263602. [PMID: 23004977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum memories are vital to the scalability of photonic quantum information processing (PQIP), since the storage of photons enables repeat-until-success strategies. On the other hand, the key element of all PQIP architectures is the beam splitter, which allows us to coherently couple optical modes. Here, we show how to combine these crucial functionalities by addressing a Raman quantum memory with multiple control pulses. The result is a coherent optical storage device with an extremely large time bandwidth product, that functions as an array of dynamically configurable beam splitters, and that can be read out with arbitrarily high efficiency. Networks of such devices would allow fully scalable PQIP, with applications in quantum computation, long distance quantum communications and quantum metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Reim
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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Ast S, Nia RM, Schönbeck A, Lastzka N, Steinlechner J, Eberle T, Mehmet M, Steinlechner S, Schnabel R. High-efficiency frequency doubling of continuous-wave laser light. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:3467-3469. [PMID: 21886246 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of high-efficiency frequency doubling of 1550 nm continuous-wave laser light in a nonlinear cavity containing a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (PPKTP). The fundamental field had a power of 1.10 W and was converted into 1.05 W at 775 nm, yielding a total external conversion efficiency of 95±1%. The latter value is based on the measured depletion of the fundamental field being consistent with the absolute values derived from numerical simulations. According to our model, the conversion efficiency achieved was limited by the nonperfect mode matching into the nonlinear cavity and by the nonperfect impedance matching for the maximum input power available. Our result shows that cavity-assisted frequency conversion based on PPKTP is well suited for low-decoherence frequency conversion of quantum states of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ast
- Max-Planck-Institute for Gravitational Physics, Albert-Einstein-Institute, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Reim KF, Michelberger P, Lee KC, Nunn J, Langford NK, Walmsley IA. Single-photon-level quantum memory at room temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:053603. [PMID: 21867069 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature, easy-to-operate quantum memories are essential building blocks for future long distance quantum information networks operating on an intercontinental scale, because devices like quantum repeaters, based on quantum memories, will have to be deployed in potentially remote, inaccessible locations. Here we demonstrate controllable, broadband and efficient storage and retrieval of weak coherent light pulses at the single-photon level in warm atomic cesium vapor using the robust far off-resonant Raman memory scheme. We show that the unconditional noise floor of this technically simple quantum memory is low enough to operate in the quantum regime, even in a room-temperature environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Reim
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Chuang YL, Lee RK. Conditions to preserve quantum entanglement of quadrature fluctuation fields in electromagnetically induced transparency media. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:1537-1539. [PMID: 19448813 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the propagation of quantum fields through an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium with initially two squeezed and one coherent states. Conditions to preserve and to establish nonseparation criteria for perturbed quantized fluctuation fields are demonstrated. The results in this work provide a guideline for using EIT media as quantum light devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Chuang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Cviklinski J, Ortalo J, Laurat J, Bramati A, Pinard M, Giacobino E. Reversible quantum interface for tunable single-sideband modulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:133601. [PMID: 18851447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using electromagnetically induced transparency in a cesium vapor, we demonstrate experimentally that the quantum state of a light beam can be mapped into the long-lived Zeeman coherences of an atomic ground state. Two noncommuting variables carried by light are simultaneously stored and subsequently read out, with no noise added. We compare the case where a tunable single sideband is stored independently of the other one to the case where the two symmetrical sidebands are stored using the same electromagnetically induced transparency window.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cviklinski
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Namiki R, Koashi M, Imoto N. Fidelity criterion for quantum-domain transmission and storage of coherent states beyond the unit-gain constraint. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:100502. [PMID: 18851198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We generalize the experimental success criterion for quantum teleportation (memory) in continuous-variable quantum systems to be suitable for a non-unit-gain condition by considering attenuation (amplification) of the coherent-state amplitude. The new criterion can be used for a nonideal quantum memory and long distance quantum communication as well as quantum devices with amplification process. It is also shown that the framework to measure the average fidelity is capable of detecting all Gaussian channels in the quantum domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Namiki
- CREST Research Team for Photonic Quantum Information, Division of Materials Physics, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate school of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Hètet G, Buchler BC, Glöeckl O, Hsu MTL, Akulshin AM, Bachor HA, Lam PK. Delay of squeezing and entanglement using electromagnetically induced transparency in a vapour cell. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:7369-7381. [PMID: 18545442 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.007369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally the delay of squeezed light and entanglement using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in a rubidium vapour cell. We perform quadrature amplitude measurements of the probe field and find no appreciable excess noise from the EIT process. From input squeezing of 3.2+/-0.5 dB at low sideband frequencies, we observed the survival of 2.0+/-0.5 dB of squeezing at the EIT output. By splitting the squeezed light on a beam-splitter, we generated biased entanglement between two beams. We transmit one of the entangled beams through the EIT cell and correlate the quantum statistics of this beam with its entangled counterpart. We experimentally observed a 2.2+/-0.5 micros delay of the biased entanglement and obtained a preserved degree of wavefunction inseparability of 0.71+/-0.01, below the unity value for separable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hètet
- ARC COE for Quantum-Atom Optics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Appel J, Figueroa E, Korystov D, Lobino M, Lvovsky AI. Quantum memory for squeezed light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:093602. [PMID: 18352710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We produce a 600-ns pulse of 1.86-dB squeezed vacuum at 795 nm in an optical parametric amplifier and store it in a rubidium vapor cell for 1 mus using electromagnetically induced transparency. The recovered pulse, analyzed using time-domain homodyne tomography, exhibits up to 0.21+/-0.04 dB of squeezing. We identify the factors leading to the degradation of squeezing and investigate the phase evolution of the atomic coherence during the storage interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Appel
- Institute for Quantum Information Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Vahlbruch H, Mehmet M, Chelkowski S, Hage B, Franzen A, Lastzka N, Gossler S, Danzmann K, Schnabel R. Observation of squeezed light with 10-dB quantum-noise reduction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:033602. [PMID: 18232978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Squeezing of light's quantum noise requires temporal rearranging of photons. This again corresponds to creation of quantum correlations between individual photons. Squeezed light is a nonclassical manifestation of light with great potential in high-precision quantum measurements, for example, in the detection of gravitational waves [C. M. Caves, Phys. Rev. D 23, 1693 (1981)10.1103/PhysRevD.23.1693]. Equally promising applications have been proposed in quantum communication [H. P. Yuen and J. H. Shapiro, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 24, 657 (1978)10.1109/TIT.1978.1055958]. However, after 20 years of intensive research doubts arose whether strong squeezing can ever be realized as required for eminent applications. Here we show experimentally that strong squeezing of light's quantum noise is possible. We reached a benchmark squeezing factor of 10 in power (10 dB). Thorough analysis reveals that even higher squeezing factors will be feasible in our setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Vahlbruch
- Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover and Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Callinstrasse 38, Hannover, Germany
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