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Zwick C, Baby A, Gruenewald M, Verwüster E, Hofmann OT, Forker R, Fratesi G, Brivio GP, Zojer E, Fritz T. Complex Stoichiometry-Dependent Reordering of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride on Ag(111) upon K Intercalation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2365-74. [PMID: 26718635 PMCID: PMC4768340 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkali metal atoms are frequently used for simple yet efficient n-type doping of organic semiconductors and as an ingredient of the recently discovered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon superconductors. However, the incorporation of dopants from the gas phase into molecular crystal structures needs to be controlled and well understood in order to optimize the electronic properties (charge carrier density and mobility) of the target material. Here, we report that potassium intercalation into the pristine 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) monolayer domains on a Ag(111) substrate induces distinct stoichiometry-dependent structural reordering processes, resulting in highly ordered and large KxPTCDA domains. The emerging structures are analyzed by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling hydrogen microscopy (ST[H]M), and low-energy electron diffraction as a function of the stoichiometry. The analysis of the measurements is corroborated by density functional theory calculations. These turn out to be essential for a correct interpretation of the experimental ST[H]M data. The epitaxy types for all intercalated stages are determined as point-on-line. The K atoms adsorb in the vicinity of the oxygen atoms of the PTCDA molecules, and their positions are determined with sub-Ångström precision. This is a crucial prerequisite for the prospective assessment of the electronic properties of such composite films, as they depend rather sensitively on the mutual alignment between donor atoms and acceptor molecules. Our results demonstrate that only the combination of experimental and theoretical approaches allows for an unambiguous explanation of the pronounced reordering of KxPTCDA/Ag(111) upon changing the K content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zwick
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anu Baby
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gruenewald
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Verwüster
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver T. Hofmann
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Guido Fratesi
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria
16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Brivio
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Graduate
School of Science and Institute for Academic Initiatives, Department
of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- E-mail:
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Rutigliano M, Sanna N, Palma A. Multiple approach to model unpaired spin density effects in H-ZSM5 zeolite with extra-framework O atom: H-abstraction reaction from methane. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dienel T, Krause A, Alle R, Forker R, Meerholz K, Fritz T. Alkali metal doped organic molecules on insulators: charge impact on the optical properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4064-70. [PMID: 20715065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dienel
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Zazza C, Sanna N, Palma A. In Silico Characterization of a Fourfold Magnesium Organometallic Compound in PTCDA Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:14813-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904940e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Zazza
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Applicazioni di Supercalcolo per Università e Ricerca (CASPUR), Via dei Tizii, 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), via Salaria Km. 29.3, Sez. Montelibretti, 00016 Monterotondo S. (RM), Italy
| | - Nico Sanna
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Applicazioni di Supercalcolo per Università e Ricerca (CASPUR), Via dei Tizii, 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), via Salaria Km. 29.3, Sez. Montelibretti, 00016 Monterotondo S. (RM), Italy
| | - Amedeo Palma
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Applicazioni di Supercalcolo per Università e Ricerca (CASPUR), Via dei Tizii, 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy, and Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), via Salaria Km. 29.3, Sez. Montelibretti, 00016 Monterotondo S. (RM), Italy
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König A, Roth F, Kraus R, Knupfer M. Electronic properties of potassium doped FePc from electron energy-loss spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:214503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3146812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Roth F, König A, Kraus R, Knupfer M. Potassium induced phase transition of FePc thin films. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:194711. [PMID: 18500890 DOI: 10.1063/1.2920179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Roth
- IFW Dresden, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Flatz K, Grobosch M, Knupfer M. The electronic properties of potassium doped copper-phthalocyanine studied by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:214702. [PMID: 17567208 DOI: 10.1063/1.2741539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors have studied the electronic structure of potassium doped copper-phthalocyanine using electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The evolution of the loss function indicates the formation of distinct KxCuPc phases. Taking into account the C1s and K2p core level excitations and recent results by Giovanelli et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 126, 044709 (2007)], they conclude that these are K2CuPc and K4CuPc. They discuss the changes in the electronic excitations upon doping on the basis of the molecular electronic levels and the presence of electronic correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Flatz
- IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Zazza C, Sanna N, Aschi M. Theoretical Study of α-84 Phycocyanobilin Chromophore from the Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:5596-601. [PMID: 17461572 DOI: 10.1021/jp070994g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were performed to obtain vertical excitation energies from the ground state to different low-lying singlet excited states of the protonated alpha-84 phycocyanobilin chromophore (alpha-84 PCBH(+)). It clearly emerges that three gradient-corrected approximation functionals (B3LYP, PBE0, and PBEPBE) show a similar description, confirming the proposed valence assignment of the strongest UV-vis absorption band at 618 nm. Moreover, our results show that there are not appreciable differences, in terms of excitation wavelength of the main peak, between the alpha-84 PCBH(+) chromophore and a model system in which the two propionic chains have not been taken into account. Finally, with the precise aim of investigating the effects of alpha-84 PCBH(+) conformational fluctuations on its electronic properties, vertical excitation energies obtained for the potential energy local minimum structure were also refined using a recently proposed TD-DFT/principal component analysis/Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics computational approach. Interestingly, and in line with previous results on another photosensitive complex, this study essentially suggests that interaction with the surrounding environment (protein matrix plus solvent molecules) coupled with the large amplitude fluctuation of the whole C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) pigment protein can affect the electronic properties of the alpha-84 PCB chromophore and therefore its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Zazza
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Applicazioni di Supercalcolo per Università e Ricerca (CASPUR), via dei Tizii 6b, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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