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Hauser AW, Havenith M, Koch M, Sterrer M. Festschrift for Wolfgang E. Ernst - electronic and nuclear dynamics and their interplay in molecules, clusters and on surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:11880-11882. [PMID: 36880607 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp90052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Guest editors, Andreas W. Hauser, Martina Havenith, Markus Koch and Martin Sterrer, introduce this themed issue dedicated to Professor Wolfgang E. Ernst on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Hauser
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martina Havenith
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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von Haeften K, Laarmann T, Wabnitz H, Möller T. Relaxation dynamics of 3He and 4He clusters and droplets studied using near infrared and visible fluorescence excitation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1863-1880. [PMID: 36541224 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04594j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The relaxation dynamics of electronically excited 3He and 4He clusters and droplets is investigated using time-correlated near-infrared and visible (NIR/VIS) fluorescence excitation spectroscopy. A rich data set spanning a wide range of cluster and droplet sizes is produced. The spectral features broadly follow the vacuum ultraviolet excitation (VUV) spectra. However, when the NIR/VIS spectra are normalised to the VUV fluorescence, regions with distinctly different cluster size and isotope dependence are identified, enabling deeper insight into the relaxation mechanism. Particle density, location of atomic-like states and their principal quantum number, n, are found to play an important role in the relaxation. For states with n = 3 and higher, only energy within the surface region is transferred to excited atoms which are subsequently ejected from the surface and fluoresce in vacuum. For states with n = 2, energy from the entire region within clusters and droplets is transferred to the surface, leading to the ejection of excited atoms and excimers. Here, the energy is transferred by excitation hopping, which competes with radiative and non-radiative decay, making ejection and NIR/VIS fluorescence inefficient in increasingly larger droplets.
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Loginov E, Hernando A, Beswick JA, Halberstadt N, Drabbels M. Excitation of Sodium Atoms Attached to Helium Nanodroplets: The 3p ← 3s Transition Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6033-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511885t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Alberto Beswick
- Laboratoire
des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, CNRS and Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire
des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, CNRS and Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Loginov E, Drabbels M. Dynamics of Excited Sodium Atoms Attached to Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2738-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4121996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Loginov
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
Moléculaire, Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Drabbels
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
Moléculaire, Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ratschek M, Koch M, Ernst WE. Doping helium nanodroplets with high temperature metals: Formation of chromium clusters. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:104201. [PMID: 22423831 DOI: 10.1063/1.3692330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ratschek
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Graz, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Fechner L, Grüner B, Sieg A, Callegari C, Ancilotto F, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Photoionization and imaging spectroscopy of rubidium atoms attached to helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3843-51. [PMID: 22327348 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Fechner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Harrison JJ, Williamson BE. Magnetic Circular Dichroism and Absorption Spectra of Methylidyne in a Krypton Matrix. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8643-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2048986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Bryce E. Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Volk A, Poms J, Koch M, Ernst WE. 87Rb electron spin resonance on helium nanodroplets: the influence of optical pumping. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7065-70. [PMID: 21428378 DOI: 10.1021/jp112385d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperfine resolved electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of single rubidium ((87)Rb) atoms isolated on superfluid helium nanodroplets are presented. In accordance with our previous work on (85)Rb, we find a relative increase of the hyperfine constant a(HFS) by about 400 ppm, depending on the size of the droplets. In order to optimize the ESR signal intensities, the processes of optical pumping of Rb atoms on helium droplets and of optical detection of the ESR transitions are investigated in detail. Both the laser intensity and polarization influences the ESR signal intensities. A simple model for optical pumping of Rb atoms on helium droplets is presented, which agrees well with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Volk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU
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Loginov E, Callegari C, Ancilotto F, Drabbels M. Spectroscopy on Rydberg States of Sodium Atoms on the Surface of Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6779-88. [PMID: 21446657 DOI: 10.1021/jp111146n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Loginov
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL),CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Graz, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, “G. Galilei”, Universita' di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy and CNR-IOM-Democritos, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcel Drabbels
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL),CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Guillon G, Zanchet A, Leino M, Viel A, Zillich RE. Theoretical Study of Rb2 in HeN: Potential Energy Surface and Monte Carlo Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6918-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp112053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégroire Guillon
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, CNRS & Université de Rennes I, F-35042 Rennes, France
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Cargnoni F, Mella M. Solubility of Metal Atoms in Helium Droplets: Exploring the Effect of the Well Depth Using the Coinage Metals Cu and Ag. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7141-52. [PMID: 21425774 DOI: 10.1021/jp112408d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Mella
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via Lucini 3, 22100 Como (I), Italy
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Pifrader A, Allard O, Auböck G, Callegari C, Ernst WE, Huber R, Ancilotto F. One- and two-photon spectroscopy of highly excited states of alkali-metal atoms on helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:164502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3500397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Masson A, Poisson L, Gaveau MA, Soep B, Mestdagh JM, Mazet V, Spiegelman F. Dynamics of highly excited barium atoms deposited on large argon clusters. I. General trends. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:054307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3464489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Koch M, Callegari C, Ernst WE. Alkali-metal electron spin density shift induced by a helium nanodroplet. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268971003623401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Koch M, Lanzersdorfer J, Callegari C, Muenter JS, Ernst WE. Molecular Beam Magnetic Resonance in Doped Helium Nanodroplets. A Setup for Optically Detected ESR/NMR in the Presence of Unresolved Zeeman Splittings. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13347-56. [PMID: 19921944 DOI: 10.1021/jp9041827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Koch
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216
| | - Johannes Lanzersdorfer
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216
| | - John S. Muenter
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216
| | - Wolfgang E. Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216
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Koch M, Auböck G, Callegari C, Ernst WE. Coherent spin manipulation and ESR on superfluid helium nanodroplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:035302. [PMID: 19659290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.035302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Superfluid helium nanodroplets provide a versatile substrate to cool atoms and molecules, and to assemble weakly bound complexes. Absence of spin-relaxation mechanisms makes He nanodroplets ideal to isolate open-shell atoms and create a spin-polarized system. Here, we show the first coherent manipulation of such a system by resonant excitation of a magnetic-dipole transition. Observation of approximately 50 Rabi oscillations demonstrates coherent population transfer with minimal dephasing. Ours is also the first application of ESR spectroscopy to doped He nanodroplets. This unique environment results in extremely sharp lines and hyperfine-resolved spectra: those of single 39K and 85Rb dopant atoms presented here denote an increase of the Fermi contact interaction, which we can follow as a function of droplet size, reflecting the distortion of the valence-electron wave function due to the surrounding He.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Koch
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Graz, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Auböck G, Nagl J, Callegari C, Ernst WE. Observation of relativistic E⊗e vibronic coupling in Rb3 and K3 quartet states on helium droplets. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:114501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2976765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Auböck G, Nagl J, Callegari C, Ernst WE. Electron spin pumping of Rb atoms on He nanodroplets via nondestructive optical excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:035301. [PMID: 18764262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We measured laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF) and beam-depletion (BD) spectra of rubidium atoms (5S-5P transition) on the surface of superfluid helium nanodroplets (M-He_{N} with M=Rb). It is known that when M is a lighter alkali atom electronic excitation always leads to detachment of the excited atom (M;{*}). The dissociation energy, few tens cm;{-1}, comes either as photon excess energy or from the barrierless formation of a M;{*}-He exciplex. We observe that this picture does not hold when M=Rb and the photon excess energy is small: we are able to excite atoms without detaching them from the droplet, thanks to a barrier preventing formation of the exciplex. This system is ideally suited for optical spin pumping in a He nanodroplet, whose achievement we explicitly demonstrate in a pump-probe magnetic circular dichroism experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Auböck
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria, EU
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Nagl J, Auböck G, Hauser AW, Allard O, Callegari C, Ernst WE. Heteronuclear and homonuclear high-spin alkali trimers on helium nanodroplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:063001. [PMID: 18352466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electronic excitation spectra of all possible homo- and heteronuclear high-spin (quartet) trimers of K and Rb (KxRb(3-x), x=0...3) assembled on the surface of superfluid helium droplets, are measured in the spectral range from 10,600 to 17,400 cm(-1). A regular series of corresponding bands is observed, reflecting the similar electronic structure of all these trimers. For the assignment and separation of overlapping bands, we determine x directly, with mass-selected beam depletion, and indirectly with a V-type double-resonance scheme. The assignment is confirmed by high-level ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of the bare trimers. The level structure is rationalized in terms of harmonic-oscillator states of the three valence electrons in a quantum-dot-like confining potential. We predict that three should be a magic number for high-spin alkali clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Nagl
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Graz, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, EU
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Auböck G, Nagl J, Callegari C, Ernst WE. Triplet State Excitation of Alkali Molecules on Helium Droplets: Experiments and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7404-10. [PMID: 17552501 DOI: 10.1021/jp070891y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the electronic structure of alkali dimer molecules in 3Pig states on the surface of a helium droplet. The perturbation due to the droplet will in general not satisfy rotational symmetry around the internuclear axis of the diatom and thus, in addition to a broadening and blue shift, will cause a splitting of electronic levels that are degenerate in the free molecules. We propose a model based on general symmetry arguments and on a small number of physically reasonable parameters. We demonstrate that such a model accounts for the essential features of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of the (1)3Pig-a3Sigma+ transition of Rb2 and K2. Furthermore the MCD spectra, analyzed according to the approach of Langford and Williamson [J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 2415], allow a determination of the populations of Zeeman sublevels in the ground state and thus a measurement of the surface temperature of the droplet. The latter agrees with the accepted temperature, 0.37 K, measured in the interior of a droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Auböck
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria, EU
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