1
|
Bai Z, Beck NB, Scheibe B, Sperling JM, Weiland A, Ruf M, Brannon JP, Rotermund BM, Gomez Martinez D, Albrecht-Schönzart TE. Investigation of Pressure Effects in the Bimetallic Transplutonium Tetrazolate Complexes [(An(pmtz) 2(H 2O) 3) 2(μ-pmtz)] 2(pmtz) 2· nH 2O (An 3+ = Cm 3+, Bk 3+, and Cf 3+). J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7822-7830. [PMID: 38456811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of pressure on actinide compounds is an integral part of safe nuclear waste storage in deep geologic repositories and provides a means of systematically altering the structure and properties. However, detailing how the effects of pressure evolve across the actinide series in the later elements is not typically undertaken because of the challenges of conducting research on these unstable isotopes. Here, a family of bimetallic actinide complexes, [(An(pmtz)2(H2O)3)2(μ-pmtz)]2(pmtz)2·nH2O (An3+ = Cm3+, Bk3+, and Cf3+, pmtz- = 5-(pyrimidyl)tetrazolate; Cm1, Bk1, and Cf1), are reported and represent the first structurally characterized bimetallic berkelium and californium compounds. The pressure response as determined from UV-vis-NIR transitions varies for Cm1, Bk1, and Cf1. The 5f → 5f transitions in Cm1 are notably more sensitive to pressure compared to those in Bk1 and Cf1 and show substantial bathochromic shifting of several 5f → 5f transitions. In the case of Bk1, an ingrowth of a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition occurs at elevated pressures because of the accessible Bk3+/Bk4+ couple. For Cf1, no substantial transition shifting or emergence of MLCT transitions is observed at elevated pressures because of the prohibitive energetics of the Cf3+/Cf4+ couple and reduced sensitivity of the 5f → 5f transitions to the local coordination environment because of the more contracted 5f shell versus Cm3+ and Bk3+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanling Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nicholas B Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Benjamin Scheibe
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ashley Weiland
- Bruker AXS, 5465 E Cheryl Pkwy, Fitchburg, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Michael Ruf
- Bruker AXS, 5465 E Cheryl Pkwy, Fitchburg, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Jacob P Brannon
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Brian M Rotermund
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Daniela Gomez Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tobin JG, Yu SW. Pu 5f Occupation in Plutonium Dioxide. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2592-2598. [PMID: 36731118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An actinide N4,5 branching ratio analysis of PuO2 and UO2 has been performed, including measurements with a scanning transmission electron microscope at the Advanced Light Source. It is shown that the 5f occupation of the Pu in plutonium dioxide is n = 5. This is contrary to recent results from another technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Tobin
- University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54901, United States
| | - S-W Yu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Murphy GL, Kegler P, Alekseev EV. Advances and perspectives of actinide chemistry from ex situ high pressure and high temperature chemical studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7401-7415. [PMID: 35475437 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High pressure high temperature (HP/HT) studies of actinide compounds allow the chemistry and bonding of among the most exotic elements in the periodic table to be examined under the conditions often only found in the severest environments of nature. Peering into this realm of physical extremity, chemists have extracted detailed knowledge of the fundamental chemistry of actinide elements and how they contribute to bonding, structure formation and intricate properties in compounds under such conditions. The last decade has resulted in some of the most significant contributions to actinide chemical science and this holds true for ex situ chemical studies of actinides resulting from HP/HT conditions of over 1 GPa and elevated temperature. Often conducted in tandem with ab initio calculations, HP/HT studies of actinides have further helped guide and develop theoretical modelling approaches and uncovered associated difficulties. Accordingly, this perspective article is devoted to reviewing the latest advancements made in actinide HP/HT ex situ chemical studies over the last decade, the state-of-the-art, challenges and discussing potential future directions of the science. The discussion is given with emphasis on thorium and uranium compounds due to the prevalence of their investigation but also highlights some of the latest advancements in high pressure chemical studies of transuranium compounds. The perspective also describes technical aspects involved in HP/HT investigation of actinide compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Murphy
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Philip Kegler
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Evgeny V Alekseev
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Caciuffo R, Lander GH. X-ray synchrotron radiation studies of actinide materials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1692-1708. [PMID: 34738923 PMCID: PMC8570219 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By reviewing a selection of X-ray diffraction (XRD), resonant X-ray scattering (RXS), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), resonant and non-resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS, NIXS), and dispersive inelastic scattering (IXS) experiments, the potential of synchrotron radiation techniques in studying lattice and electronic structure, hybridization effects, multipolar order and lattice dynamics in actinide materials is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Caciuffo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerard H. Lander
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Probing electronic structure in berkelium and californium via an electron microscopy nanosampling approach. Nat Commun 2021; 12:948. [PMID: 33574255 PMCID: PMC7878762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their rarity and radioactive nature, comparatively little is known about the actinides, particularly those with atomic numbers higher than that of plutonium, and their compounds. In this work, we describe how transmission electron microscopy can provide comprehensive, safe, and cost-effective characterization using only single nanogram amounts of highly-radioactive, solid compounds. Chlorides of the rare elements berkelium and californium are dropcast and then converted in situ to oxides using the electron beam. The f-band occupancies are probed using electron energy loss spectroscopy and an unexpectedly weak spin-orbit-coupling is identified for berkelium. In contrast, californium follows a jj coupling scheme. These results have important implications for the chemistries of these elements and solidify the status of californium as a transitional element in the actinide series. The obtention and study of actinide elements is challenging due to various factors including their radioactivity and scarcity. Herein, the authors characterize the atomic and electronic structure of Am, Cm, Bk, and Cf compounds using a transmission electron microscopy-based workflow that only requires nanogram amounts of the actinide element.
Collapse
|
6
|
Compression of curium pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate enhances covalency. Nature 2020; 583:396-399. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Cary SK, Silver MA, Liu G, Wang JC, Bogart JA, Stritzinger JT, Arico AA, Hanson K, Schelter EJ, Albrecht-Schmitt TE. Spontaneous Partitioning of Californium from Curium: Curious Cases from the Crystallization of Curium Coordination Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11399-404. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Cary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Mark A. Silver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Guokui Liu
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jamie C. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Justin A. Bogart
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jared T. Stritzinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Alexandra A. Arico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van der Laan G, Figueroa AI. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism—A versatile tool to study magnetism. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Bagus PS, Ilton ES, Martin RL, Jensen HJA, Knecht S. Spin–orbit coupling in actinide cations. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
12
|
Polinski MJ, Wang S, Alekseev EV, Depmeier W, Liu G, Haire RG, Albrecht-Schmitt TE. Curium(III) Borate Shows Coordination Environments of Both Plutonium(III) and Americium(III) Borates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:1869-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Polinski MJ, Wang S, Alekseev EV, Depmeier W, Liu G, Haire RG, Albrecht-Schmitt TE. Curium(III) Borate Shows Coordination Environments of Both Plutonium(III) and Americium(III) Borates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
Abstract
We summarize historical perspective of the transuranium elements, neptunium (Np) through lawrencium (Lr), and recent progress on production, and nuclear and chemical properties of these elements. Exotic decay properties of heavy nuclei are also introduced. Chemical properties of transuranium elements in aqueous and solid states are summarized based on the actinide concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Hirata
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lukoyanov AV, Shorikov AO, Bystrushkin VB, Dyachenko AA, Kabirova LR, Tsiovkin YY, Povzner AA, Dremov VV, Korotin MA, Anisimov VI. Electronic structure and magnetic state of transuranium metals under pressure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:495501. [PMID: 21406785 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/49/495501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structures of bcc Np, fcc Pu, Am, and Cm pure metals under pressure have been investigated employing the LDA + U method with spin-orbit coupling (LDA + U + SO). The magnetic state of the actinide ions was analyzed in both LS and jj coupling schemes to reveal the applicability of corresponding coupling bases. It was demonstrated that whereas Pu and Am are well described within the jj coupling scheme, Np and Cm can be described appropriately neither in a {mσ}, nor in a {jmj} basis, due to intermediate coupling scheme realization in these metals that requires some finer treatment. The LDA + U + SO results for the considered transuranium metals reveal band broadening and gradual 5f electron delocalization under pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Lukoyanov
- Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences-Ural Division, 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia. Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moore KT. X-ray and electron microscopy of actinide materials. Micron 2010; 41:336-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
|