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Sun G, Tanaka H. Surface-induced water crystallisation driven by precursors formed in negative pressure regions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6083. [PMID: 39060256 PMCID: PMC11282091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ice nucleation is a crucial process in nature and industries; however, the role of the free surface of water in this process remains unclear. To address this, we investigate the microscopic freezing process using brute-force molecular dynamics simulations. We discover that the free surface assists ice nucleation through an unexpected mechanism. The surface-induced negative pressure enhances the formation of local structures with a ring topology characteristic of Ice 0-like symmetry, promoting ice nucleation despite the symmetry differing from ordinary ice crystals. Unlike substrate-induced nucleation via water-solid interactions that occurs directly on the surface, this negative-pressure-induced mechanism promotes ice nucleation slightly inward the surface. Our findings provide a molecular-level understanding of the mechanism and pathway behind free-surface-induced ice formation, resolving the longstanding debate. The implications of our discoveries are of substantial importance in areas such as cloud formation, food technology, and other fields where ice nucleation plays a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Sun
- Social Cooperation Research Department "Frost Protection Science", Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Thermodynamics of diamond formation from hydrocarbon mixtures in planets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1104. [PMID: 36843123 PMCID: PMC9968715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocarbon mixtures are extremely abundant in the Universe, and diamond formation from them can play a crucial role in shaping the interior structure and evolution of planets. With first-principles accuracy, we first estimate the melting line of diamond, and then reveal the nature of chemical bonding in hydrocarbons at extreme conditions. We finally establish the pressure-temperature phase boundary where it is thermodynamically possible for diamond to form from hydrocarbon mixtures with different atomic fractions of carbon. Notably, here we show a depletion zone at pressures above 200 GPa and temperatures below 3000 K-3500 K where diamond formation is thermodynamically favorable regardless of the carbon atomic fraction, due to a phase separation mechanism. The cooler condition of the interior of Neptune compared to Uranus means that the former is much more likely to contain the depletion zone. Our findings can help explain the dichotomy of the two ice giants manifested by the low luminosity of Uranus, and lead to a better understanding of (exo-)planetary formation and evolution.
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3
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Goswami Y, Vasisht VV, Frenkel D, Debenedetti PG, Sastry S. Thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization in deeply supercooled Stillinger-Weber silicon. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194502. [PMID: 34800966 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the kinetics of crystallization in deeply supercooled liquid silicon employing computer simulations and the Stillinger-Weber three-body potential. The free energy barriers to crystallization are computed using umbrella sampling Monte Carlo simulations and from unconstrained molecular dynamics simulations using a mean first passage time formulation. We focus on state points that have been described in earlier work [S. Sastry and C. A. Angell, Nat. Mater. 2, 739 (2003)] as straddling a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) between two metastable liquid states. It was argued subsequently [Ricci et al., Mol. Phys. 117, 3254 (2019)] that the apparent transition is due to the loss of metastability of the liquid state with respect to the crystalline state. The presence of a barrier to crystallization for these state points is therefore of importance to ascertain, which we investigate, with due attention to ambiguities that may arise from the choice of order parameters. We find a well-defined free energy barrier to crystallization and demonstrate that both umbrella sampling and mean first passage time methods yield results that agree quantitatively. Our results thus provide strong evidence against the possibility that the liquids at state points close to the reported LLPT exhibit slow, spontaneous crystallization, but they do not address the existence of a LLPT (or lack thereof). We also compute the free energy barriers to crystallization at other state points over a broad range of temperatures and pressures and discuss the effect of changes in the microscopic structure of the metastable liquid on the free energy barrier heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagyik Goswami
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vishwas V Vasisht
- Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Ahalia Integrated Campus, Kozhippara P.O., Palakkad, India
| | - Daan Frenkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
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4
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Abstract
The freezing of water into ice is one of the most important processes in the physical sciences. However, it is still not understood at the molecular level. In particular, the crystallization of cubic ice ([Formula: see text])-rather than the traditional hexagonal polytype ([Formula: see text])-has become an increasingly debated topic. Although evidence for [Formula: see text] is thought to date back almost 400 y, it is only in the last year that pure [Formula: see text] has been made in the laboratory, and these processes involved high-pressure ice phases. Since this demonstrates that pure [Formula: see text] can form, the question naturally arises if [Formula: see text] can be made from liquid water. With this in mind, we have performed a high-throughput computational screening study involving molecular dynamics simulations of nucleation on over 1,100 model substrates. From these simulations, we find that 1) many different substrates can promote the formation of pristine [Formula: see text]; 2) [Formula: see text] can be selectively nucleated for even the mildest supercooling; 3) the water contact layer's resemblance to a face of ice is the key factor determining the polytype selectivity and nucleation temperature, independent of which polytype is promoted; and 4) substrate lattice match to ice is not indicative of the polytype obtained. Through this study, we have deepened understanding of the interplay of heterogeneous nucleation and ice I polytypism and suggest routes to [Formula: see text] More broadly, the substrate design methodology presented here combined with the insight gained can be used to understand and control polymorphism and stacking disorder in materials in general.
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5
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Fomin YD. Between two and three dimensions: Crystal structures in a slit pore. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:135-145. [PMID: 32683112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a simple monatomic system in a slit pore has been studied by means of the molecular dynamics simulation. Nowadays, it is supposed that the structure of crystals in a narrow pore (narrower than approximately eight atomic diameters) should be described as a set of two-dimensional layers with either triangular, or square symmetry. In addition, a buckled phase can appear with particles located in zigzag way around a plane. It is shown that all these structures can be considered as cuts of FCC or HCP structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu D Fomin
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kaluzhskoe shosse, 14, Troitsk, Moscow 108840 Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141701, Russia.
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6
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Abstract
Methane and other hydrocarbons are major components of the mantle regions of icy planets. Several recent computational studies have investigated the high-pressure behaviour of specific hydrocarbons. To develop a global picture of hydrocarbon stability, to identify relevant decomposition reactions, and probe eventual formation of diamond, a complete study of all hydrocarbons is needed. Using density functional theory calculations we survey here all known C-H crystal structures augmented by targeted crystal structure searches to build hydrocarbon phase diagrams in the ground state and at elevated temperatures. We find that an updated pressure-temperature phase diagram for methane is dominated at intermediate pressures by CH 4 :H 2 van der Waals inclusion compounds. We discuss the P-T phase diagram for CH and CH 2 (i.e., polystyrene and polyethylene) to illustrate that diamond formation conditions are strongly composition dependent. Finally, crystal structure searches uncover a new CH 4 (H 2 ) 2 van der Waals compound, the most hydrogen-rich hydrocarbon, stable between 170 and 220 GPa.
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7
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James D, Beairsto S, Hartt C, Zavalov O, Saika-Voivod I, Bowles RK, Poole PH. Phase transitions in fluctuations and their role in two-step nucleation. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:074501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5057429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella James
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Seamus Beairsto
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Carmen Hartt
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Zavalov
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Ivan Saika-Voivod
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Richard K. Bowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 57N 5C9, Canada
| | - Peter H. Poole
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
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Shou W, Pan H. Silicon-wall interfacial free energy via thermodynamics integration. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:184702. [PMID: 27846694 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We compute the interfacial free energy of a silicon system in contact with flat and structured walls by molecular dynamics simulation. The thermodynamics integration method, previously applied to Lennard-Jones potentials [R. Benjamin and J. Horbach, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 044707 (2012)], has been extended and implemented in Tersoff potentials with two-body and three-body interactions taken into consideration. The thermodynamic integration scheme includes two steps. In the first step, the bulk Tersoff system is reversibly transformed to a state where it interacts with a structureless flat wall, and in a second step, the flat structureless wall is reversibly transformed into an atomistic SiO2 wall. Interfacial energies for liquid silicon-wall interfaces and crystal silicon-wall interfaces have been calculated. The calculated interfacial energies have been employed to predict the nucleation mechanisms in a slab of liquid silicon confined by two walls and compared with MD simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Shou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65401, USA
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65401, USA
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Russo J, Romano F, Tanaka H. New metastable form of ice and its role in the homogeneous crystallization of water. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:733-739. [PMID: 24836734 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The homogeneous crystallization of water at low temperature is believed to occur through the direct nucleation of cubic (Ic) and hexagonal (Ih) ices. Here, we provide evidence from molecular simulations that the nucleation of ice proceeds through the formation of a new metastable phase, which we name Ice 0. We find that Ice 0 is structurally similar to the supercooled liquid, and that on growth it gradually converts into a stacking of Ice Ic and Ih. We suggest that this mechanism provides a thermodynamic explanation for the location and pressure dependence of the homogeneous nucleation temperature, and that Ice 0 controls the homogeneous nucleation of low-pressure ices, acting as a precursor to crystallization in accordance with Ostwald's step rule of phases. Our findings show that metastable crystalline phases of water may play roles that have been largely overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Russo
- 1] Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505, Japan [2]
| | - Flavio Romano
- 1] Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505, Japan [2] Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK [3]
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Zhang H, Peng S, Long X, Zhou X, Liang J, Wan C, Zheng J, Ju X. Wall-induced phase transition controlled by layering freezing. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:032412. [PMID: 24730857 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.032412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of the Lennard-Jones model are used to study phase transitions at a smooth surface. Our motivation is the observation that the existence of an attractive wall facilitates crystallization. To investigate how this wall influences phase transitions, the strength of wall-particle interaction is varied in our studies. We find that the phase behavior depends on the strength parameter α, i.e., the ratio between wall-particle and the particle-particle attraction strength. Three critical values of the ratio, namely, αp, αw, and αc, are used to define the qualitative nature of the phase behaviors at a smooth surface. Some interesting phenomena due to the increase of α are observed. First, a set of close-packed planes, i.e., {111} planes in fcc structures or {0001} planes in hcp structures, are "rotated" from intersecting to parallel to the wall when α = αp; second, the layering phase transition close to the wall antecedes that of the bulk when α = αw. Finally, the first-order phase transition in the first two layers is supplanted by a continuous phase transition when α = αc, which to some extent can be treated as a quasi-two-dimensional process. We find that bulk freezing always discontinuously occurs through a first-order phase transition, and seems to be isolated from the freezing process occurring close to the attractive surfaces. Moreover, during the heating process, we observe minimal dependence at a strongly attractive surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Shuming Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xinggui Long
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Chubin Wan
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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11
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He Y, Li H, Jiang Y, Li X, Bian X. Liquid-liquid phase transition and structure inheritance in carbon films. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3635. [PMID: 24407276 PMCID: PMC3887372 DOI: 10.1038/srep03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the cooling process of quasi-2D liquid carbon. Our results show an obvious liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) from the twofold coordinated liquid to the threefold coordinated liquid with the decrease of temperature, followed by a liquid-solid phase transition (LSPT). The LLPT can be regarded as the preparation stage of LSPT. During the cooling process, the chain structures firstly self-assemble into some ring structures and then aggregate into some stable islands which can further connect together to form a complete polycrystalline film. The threefold coordinated structures play an important role in the formation of atomic rings. The inheritance of the threefold coordinated structures provides essential condition to form rings and islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezeng He
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongying Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Bian
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
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12
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13
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McKee M. Diamond drizzle forecast for Saturn and Jupiter. Nature 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/nature.2013.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Reinhardt A, Doye JPK, Noya EG, Vega C. Local order parameters for use in driving homogeneous ice nucleation with all-atom models of water. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4766362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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15
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van Meel JA, Filion L, Valeriani C, Frenkel D. A parameter-free, solid-angle based, nearest-neighbor algorithm. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:234107. [PMID: 22779581 DOI: 10.1063/1.4729313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a parameter-free algorithm for the identification of nearest neighbors. The algorithm is very easy to use and has a number of advantages over existing algorithms to identify nearest-neighbors. This solid-angle based nearest-neighbor algorithm (SANN) attributes to each possible neighbor a solid angle and determines the cutoff radius by the requirement that the sum of the solid angles is 4π. The algorithm can be used to analyze 3D images, both from experiments as well as theory, and as the algorithm has a low computational cost, it can also be used "on the fly" in simulations. In this paper, we describe the SANN algorithm, discuss its properties, and compare it to both a fixed-distance cutoff algorithm and to a Voronoi construction by analyzing its behavior in bulk phases of systems of carbon atoms, Lennard-Jones particles and hard spheres as well as in Lennard-Jones systems with liquid-crystal and liquid-vapor interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus A van Meel
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Saika-Voivod I, Romano F, Sciortino F. Nucleation barriers in tetrahedral liquids spanning glassy and crystallizing regimes. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:124506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3638046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Anwar J, Zahn D. Atomistisches Verständnis der Keimbildung und des Kristallwachstums durch molekulare Simulationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Anwar J, Zahn D. Uncovering molecular processes in crystal nucleation and growth by using molecular simulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1996-2013. [PMID: 21271625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exploring nucleation processes by molecular simulation provides a mechanistic understanding at the atomic level and also enables kinetic and thermodynamic quantities to be estimated. However, whilst the potential for modeling crystal nucleation and growth processes is immense, there are specific technical challenges to modeling. In general, rare events, such as nucleation cannot be simulated using a direct "brute force" molecular dynamics approach. The limited time and length scales that are accessible by conventional molecular dynamics simulations have inspired a number of advances to tackle problems that were considered outside the scope of molecular simulation. While general insights and features could be explored from efficient generic models, new methods paved the way to realistic crystal nucleation scenarios. The association of single ions in solvent environments, the mechanisms of motif formation, ripening reactions, and the self-organization of nanocrystals can now be investigated at the molecular level. The analysis of interactions with growth-controlling additives gives a new understanding of functionalized nanocrystals and the precipitation of composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Anwar
- Computational Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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20
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Romano F, Sanz E, Sciortino F. Phase diagram of a tetrahedral patchy particle model for different interaction ranges. J Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3393777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Li T, Donadio D, Galli G. Nucleation of tetrahedral solids: A molecular dynamics study of supercooled liquid silicon. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:224519. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3268346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Allen RJ, Valeriani C, Rein Ten Wolde P. Forward flux sampling for rare event simulations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:463102. [PMID: 21715864 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/46/463102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rare events are ubiquitous in many different fields, yet they are notoriously difficult to simulate because few, if any, events are observed in a conventional simulation run. Over the past several decades, specialized simulation methods have been developed to overcome this problem. We review one recently developed class of such methods, known as forward flux sampling. Forward flux sampling uses a series of interfaces between the initial and final states to calculate rate constants and generate transition paths for rare events in equilibrium or nonequilibrium systems with stochastic dynamics. This review draws together a number of recent advances, summarizes several applications of the method and highlights challenges that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind J Allen
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
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23
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Li T, Donadio D, Ghiringhelli LM, Galli G. Surface-induced crystallization in supercooled tetrahedral liquids. NATURE MATERIALS 2009; 8:726-730. [PMID: 19668207 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces have long been known to have an intricate role in solid-liquid phase transformations. Whereas melting is often observed to originate at surfaces, freezing usually starts in the bulk, and only a few systems have been reported to exhibit signatures of surface-induced crystallization. These include assembly of chain-like molecules, some liquid metals and alloys and silicate glasses. Here, we report direct computational evidence of surface-induced nucleation in supercooled liquid silicon and germanium, and we illustrate the crucial role of free surfaces in the freezing process of tetrahedral liquids exhibiting a negative slope of their melting lines (dT/dP|coexist<0). Our molecular dynamics simulations show that the presence of free surfaces may enhance the nucleation rates by several orders of magnitude with respect to those found in the bulk. Our findings provide insight, at the atomistic level, into the nucleation mechanism of widely used semiconductors, and support the hypothesis of surface-induced crystallization in other tetrahedrally coordinated systems, in particular water in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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24
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Lovette MA, Browning AR, Griffin DW, Sizemore JP, Snyder RC, Doherty MF. Crystal Shape Engineering. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800900f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Lovette
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080
| | - Andrea Robben Browning
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080
| | - Derek W. Griffin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080
| | - Jacob P. Sizemore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080
| | - Ryan C. Snyder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080
| | - Michael F. Doherty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080
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25
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Ghiringhelli L, Valeriani C, Los J, Meijer E, Fasolino A, Frenkel D. State-of-the-art models for the phase diagram of carbon and diamond nucleation. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802077884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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