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Abstract
Modified theories of gravity that explicitly break diffeomorphism invariance have been used for over a decade to explore open issues related to quantum gravity, dark energy, and dark matter. At the same time, the Standard-Model Extension (SME) has been widely used as a phenomenological framework in investigations of spacetime symmetry breaking. Until recently, it was thought that the SME was suitable only for theories with spontaneous spacetime symmetry breaking due to consistency conditions stemming from the Bianchi identities. However, it has recently been shown that, particularly with matter couplings included, the consistency conditions can also be satisfied in theories with explicit breaking. An overview of how this is achieved is presented, and two examples are examined. The first is massive gravity, which includes a nondynamical background tensor. The second is a model based on a low-energy limit of Hořava gravity, where spacetime has a physically preferred foliation. In both cases, bounds on matter–gravity interactions that explicitly break diffeomorphisms are obtained using the SME.
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2
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Abstract
The effects of Lorentz and CPT violations on macroscopic objects are explored. Effective composite coefficients for Lorentz violation are derived in terms of coefficients for electrons, protons, and neutrons in the Standard-Model Extension, including all minimal and non-minimal violations. The hamiltonian and modified Newton’s second law for a test body are derived. The framework is applied to free-fall and torsion-balance tests of the weak equivalence principle and to orbital motion. The effects on continuous media are studied, and the frequency shifts in acoustic resonators are calculated.
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Abstract
General Relativity predicts two modes for plane gravitational waves. When a tiny violation of Lorentz invariance occurs, the two gravitational wave modes are modified. We use perturbation theory to study the detailed form of the modifications to the two gravitational wave modes from the minimal Lorentz-violation coupling. The perturbation solution for the metric fluctuation up to the first order in Lorentz violation is discussed. Then, we investigate the motions of test particles under the influence of the plane gravitational waves with Lorentz violation. First-order deviations from the usual motions are found.
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Shao CG, Chen YF, Tan YJ, Yang SQ, Luo J, Tobar ME, Long JC, Weisman E, Kostelecký VA. Combined Search for a Lorentz-Violating Force in Short-Range Gravity Varying as the Inverse Sixth Power of Distance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:011102. [PMID: 31012650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements of the inverse-square law via experiments on short-range gravity provide sensitive tests of Lorentz symmetry. A combined analysis of data from experiments at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Indiana University sets simultaneous limits on all 22 coefficients for Lorentz violation correcting the Newton force law as the inverse sixth power of distance. Results are consistent with no effect at the level of 10^{-12} m^{4}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Edmund Tobar
- Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J C Long
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E Weisman
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Alan Kostelecký
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Abstract
It is well known that a theory with explicit Lorentz violation is not invariant under diffeomorphisms. On the other hand, for geometrical theories of gravity, there are alternative transformations, which can be best defined within the first-order formalism and that can be regarded as a set of improved diffeomorphisms. These symmetries are known as local translations, and among other features, they are Lorentz covariant off shell. It is thus interesting to study if theories with explicit Lorentz violation are invariant under local translations. In this work, an example of such a theory, known as the minimal gravity sector of the Standard Model Extension, is analyzed. Using a robust algorithm, it is shown that local translations are not a symmetry of the theory. It remains to be seen if local translations are spontaneously broken under spontaneous Lorentz violation, which are regarded as a more natural alternative when spacetime is dynamic.
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Bourgoin A, Le Poncin-Lafitte C, Hees A, Bouquillon S, Francou G, Angonin MC. Lorentz Symmetry Violations from Matter-Gravity Couplings with Lunar Laser Ranging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:201102. [PMID: 29219364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The standard-model extension (SME) is an effective field theory framework aiming at parametrizing any violation to the Lorentz symmetry (LS) in all sectors of physics. In this Letter, we report the first direct experimental measurement of SME coefficients performed simultaneously within two sectors of the SME framework using lunar laser ranging observations. We consider the pure gravitational sector and the classical point-mass limit in the matter sector of the minimal SME. We report no deviation from general relativity and put new realistic stringent constraints on LS violations improving up to 3 orders of magnitude previous estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bourgoin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Bologna, via fontanelle 40, Forlì, Italy
| | - C Le Poncin-Lafitte
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - A Hees
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Bouquillon
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - G Francou
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M-C Angonin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
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Flowers NA, Goodge C, Tasson JD. Superconducting-Gravimeter Tests of Local Lorentz Invariance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:201101. [PMID: 29219340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting-gravimeter measurements are used to test the local Lorentz invariance of the gravitational interaction and of matter-gravity couplings. The best laboratory sensitivities to date are achieved via a maximum-reach analysis for 13 Lorentz-violating operators, with some improvements exceeding an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Flowers
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Casey Goodge
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Jay D Tasson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
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Bourgoin A, Hees A, Bouquillon S, Le Poncin-Lafitte C, Francou G, Angonin MC. Testing Lorentz Symmetry with Lunar Laser Ranging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:241301. [PMID: 28009221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.241301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lorentz symmetry violations can be parametrized by an effective field theory framework that contains both general relativity and the standard model of particle physics called the standard-model extension (SME). We present new constraints on pure gravity SME coefficients obtained by analyzing lunar laser ranging (LLR) observations. We use a new numerical lunar ephemeris computed in the SME framework and we perform a LLR data analysis using a set of 20 721 normal points covering the period of August, 1969 to December, 2013. We emphasize that linear combination of SME coefficients to which LLR data are sensitive and not the same as those fitted in previous postfit residuals analysis using LLR observations and based on theoretical grounds. We found no evidence for Lorentz violation at the level of 10^{-8} for s[over ¯]^{TX}, 10^{-12} for s[over ¯]^{XY} and s[over ¯]^{XZ}, 10^{-11} for s[over ¯]^{XX}-s[over ¯]^{YY} and s[over ¯]^{XX}+s[over ¯]^{YY}-2s[over ¯]^{ZZ}-4.5s[over ¯]^{YZ}, and 10^{-9} for s[over ¯]^{TY}+0.43s[over ¯]^{TZ}. We improve previous constraints on SME coefficient by a factor up to 5 and 800 compared to postfit residuals analysis of respectively binary pulsars and LLR observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bourgoin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - A Hees
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Bouquillon
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - C Le Poncin-Lafitte
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - G Francou
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M-C Angonin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
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11
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Experimental Studies on the Lorentz Symmetry in Post-Newtonian Gravity with Pulsars. UNIVERSE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/universe2040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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13
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Shao CG, Tan YJ, Tan WH, Yang SQ, Luo J, Tobar ME, Bailey QG, Long JC, Weisman E, Xu R, Kostelecký VA. Combined Search for Lorentz Violation in Short-Range Gravity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:071102. [PMID: 27563946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-range experiments testing the gravitational inverse-square law at the submillimeter scale offer uniquely sensitive probes of Lorentz invariance. A combined analysis of results from the short-range gravity experiments HUST-2015, HUST-2011, IU-2012, and IU-2002 permits the first independent measurements of the 14 nonrelativistic coefficients for Lorentz violation in the pure-gravity sector at the level of 10^{-9} m^{2}, improving by an order of magnitude the sensitivity to numerous types of Lorentz violation involving quadratic curvature derivatives and curvature couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hai Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Edmund Tobar
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Quentin G Bailey
- Physics Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J C Long
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E Weisman
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Alan Kostelecký
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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14
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Tasson JD. What do we know about Lorentz invariance? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:062901. [PMID: 24875620 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/6/062901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The realization that Planck-scale physics can be tested with existing technology through the search for spacetime-symmetry violation brought about the development of a comprehensive framework, known as the gravitational standard-model extension (SME), for studying deviations from exact Lorentz and CPT symmetry in nature. The development of this framework and its motivation led to an explosion of new tests of Lorentz symmetry over the past decade and to considerable theoretical interest in the subject. This work reviews the key concepts associated with Lorentz and CPT symmetry, the structure of the SME framework, and some recent experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Tasson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55901, USA
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15
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Shao L. Tests of local Lorentz invariance violation of gravity in the standard model extension with pulsars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:111103. [PMID: 24702346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The standard model extension is an effective field theory introducing all possible Lorentz-violating (LV) operators to the standard model and general relativity (GR). In the pure-gravity sector of minimal standard model extension, nine coefficients describe dominant observable deviations from GR. We systematically implemented 27 tests from 13 pulsar systems to tightly constrain eight linear combinations of these coefficients with extensive Monte Carlo simulations. It constitutes the first detailed and systematic test of the pure-gravity sector of minimal standard model extension with the state-of-the-art pulsar observations. No deviation from GR was detected. The limits of LV coefficients are expressed in the canonical Sun-centered celestial-equatorial frame for the convenience of further studies. They are all improved by significant factors of tens to hundreds with existing ones. As a consequence, Einstein's equivalence principle is verified substantially further by pulsar experiments in terms of local Lorentz invariance in gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Shao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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16
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Murphy TW. Lunar laser ranging: the millimeter challenge. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:076901. [PMID: 23764926 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/7/076901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lunar laser ranging has provided many of the best tests of gravitation since the first Apollo astronauts landed on the Moon. The march to higher precision continues to this day, now entering the millimeter regime, and promising continued improvement in scientific results. This review introduces key aspects of the technique, details the motivations, observables, and results for a variety of science objectives, summarizes the current state of the art, highlights new developments in the field, describes the modeling challenges, and looks to the future of the enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Murphy
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA.
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18
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Altschul B. Bounding Lorentz violation at particle colliders by tracking the motion of charged particles. Int J Clin Exp Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.84.076006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Merkowitz SM. Tests of Gravity Using Lunar Laser Ranging. LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2010; 13:7. [PMID: 28163616 PMCID: PMC5253913 DOI: 10.12942/lrr-2010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lunar laser ranging (LLR) has been a workhorse for testing general relativity over the past four decades. The three retroreflector arrays put on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts and the French built arrays on the Soviet Lunokhod rovers continue to be useful targets, and have provided the most stringent tests of the Strong Equivalence Principle and the time variation of Newton's gravitational constant. The relatively new ranging system at the Apache Point 3.5 meter telescope now routinely makes millimeter level range measurements. Incredibly, it has taken 40 years for ground station technology to advance to the point where characteristics of the lunar retroreflectors are limiting the precision of the range measurements. In this article, we review the gravitational science and technology of lunar laser ranging and discuss prospects for the future.
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Kostelecký VA, Tasson JD. Prospects for large relativity violations in matter-gravity couplings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:010402. [PMID: 19257171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Deviations from relativity are tightly constrained by numerous experiments. A class of unmeasured and potentially large violations is presented that can be tested in the laboratory only via weak-gravity couplings. Specialized highly sensitive experiments could achieve measurements of the corresponding effects. A single constraint of 1x10;{-11} GeV is extracted on one combination of the 12 possible effects in ordinary matter. Estimates are provided for attainable sensitivities in existing and future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Alan Kostelecký
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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23
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Buckley-Geer E, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Coleman SJ, Culling AJ, de Jong JK, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Dytman SA, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grossman N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Kim JJ, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Peck CW, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smart W, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tavera MA, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zois M, Zhang K, Zwaska R. Testing Lorentz invariance and CPT conservation with NuMI neutrinos in the MINOS near detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:151601. [PMID: 18999585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.151601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A search for a sidereal modulation in the MINOS near detector neutrino data was performed. If present, this signature could be a consequence of Lorentz and CPT violation as predicted by the effective field theory called the standard-model extension. No evidence for a sidereal signal in the data set was found, implying that there is no significant change in neutrino propagation that depends on the direction of the neutrino beam in a sun-centered inertial frame. Upper limits on the magnitudes of the Lorentz and CPT violating terms in the standard-model extension lie between 10(-4) and 10(-2) of the maximum expected, assuming a suppression of these signatures by a factor of 10(-17).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Kostelecký VA, Russell N, Tasson JD. Constraints on torsion from bounds on lorentz violation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:111102. [PMID: 18517774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional sensitivity to space-time torsion can be achieved by searching for its couplings to fermions. Recent experimental searches for Lorentz violation are exploited to extract new constraints involving 19 of the 24 independent torsion components down to levels of order 10(-31) GeV.
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Müller H, Chiow SW, Herrmann S, Chu S, Chung KY. Atom-interferometry tests of the isotropy of post-Newtonian gravity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:031101. [PMID: 18232958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a test of the local Lorentz invariance of post-Newtonian gravity by monitoring Earth's gravity with a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer that features a resolution of up to 8 x 10{-9}g/sqrt[Hz], the highest reported thus far. Expressed within the standard model extension (SME) or Nordtvedt's anisotropic universe model, the analysis limits four coefficients describing anisotropic gravity at the ppb level and three others, for the first time, at the 10 ppm level. Using the SME we explicitly demonstrate how the experiment actually compares the isotropy of gravity and electromagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Müller
- Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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